1. 6
Linking Data
Web 2.0:
Concepts and
Applications

2. Overview
 Web 2.0 has become characterized by applications
that connect people and technologies that link data
 The Internet makes it possible to access information
from any Internet-connected device
– Web-based tools for collaboration
– Web applications
– Other technologies for sharing information
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3. Overview
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4. Computing in the Cloud
 Cloud computing describes how applications
are stored and deployed on a network of
Internet servers
– Cloud represents the Internet
 Cloud computing service providers offer server
space and processing
 Companies such as Google, Amazon,
Microsoft, and Salesforce often operate these
servers for many businesses
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5. Computing in the Cloud
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6. Computing in the Cloud
 Cloud computing includes three main areas of
service:
– Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
• Delivery of a networked computing structure over the
Internet
– Platform as a Service (PaaS)
• Delivery of a computing platform over the Internet
– Software as a Service (SaaS)
• Delivery of software applications over the Internet
 Cloud computing is more cost-effective
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7. Infrastructure as a Service:
Computing in the Cloud
 Consumers can store photos, music,
documents, and other files in the Cloud
– Public Cloud
– Hybrid Cloud
– Private Cloud
 Many Cloud storage providers offer limited
storage for free, and charge an additional fee
for more storage
– Freemium business model
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8. Infrastructure as a Service:
Computing in the Cloud
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9. Infrastructure as a Service:
Computing in the Cloud
 A virtual computer is a Web application that
provides computing capabilities
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10. Infrastructure as a Service:
Computing in the Cloud
 Using virtualization, one host machine can
operate as if it were several smaller servers
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11. Platform as a Service:
Application Development in the Cloud
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12. Platform as a Service:
Application Development in the Cloud
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13. Software as a Service:
Applications in the Cloud
 The Web adds connectivity to many
traditionally desktop-hosted applications
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14. Consumer Applications
in the Cloud
 Cloud computing makes it possible for companies to
offer Web-based versions of popular personal
computer programs
– Gmail
– Microsoft Office Outlook Web Access
– Google Docs
– Google Reader
– Google Sites
– ZohoWriter
– Microsoft Office Live
– Sumo Paint
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15. Consumer Applications
in the Cloud
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16. Business Applications
in the Cloud
 The Salesforce Service Cloud allows
businesses to pay as they use services,
instead of owning comparable software
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17. Understanding Distributed
Web Applications
 An application programming interface (API) is
a software module that enables software
applications to interact with each other
 Web services are APIs that Web applications
can request to run over the Internet
– Travelocity subscribes to the Weather
Underground service to integrate weather
information on their Web site
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18. Understanding Distributed
Web Applications
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19. The Structure of Distributed
Applications
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20. Examining Data from Web
Services
 Twitter APIs contain methods to search
Twitter, obtain user information, and provide
statistics on individual tweets
– Twitter API Documentation
 You can view the XML-formatted data from
some of these methods by entering the URL of
the method in your browser
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21. Examining Data from Web
Services
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22. Computing in the Cloud with
Google Docs
 Integrated SaaS suite of Web applications
 Free service to customers
 Users can access documents from anywhere
– Documents
– Spreatsheets
– Presentations
– Folders
– Forms
 Users can upload existing documents
 Users can collaborate with each other
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23. Computing in the Cloud with
Google Docs
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24. Computing in the Cloud with
Google Docs
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25. Advanced Cloud-Based Features
of Google Spreadsheets
 Google Spreadsheets offers an online editor
called Google Forms to create forms for
surveys
 Users completing the survey view the form in
their Web browsers
 Google Forms stores the form and any other
data as part of the Google spreadsheet
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26. Advanced Cloud-Based Features
of Google Spreadsheets
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27. Advanced Cloud-Based Features
of Google Spreadsheets
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28. Including Live Data from the Web
in a Google Spreadsheet
 Google Spreadsheets includes Web functions
that look up information on the Web and insert
the results in spreadsheet cells
– GoogleLookup
– GoogleFinance
– GoogleTranslate
– ImportFeed
– ImportHTML
– ImportXML
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29. Including Live Data from the Web
in a Google Spreadsheet
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30. Using Google Sets to Auto-Fill
Cells
 Google Sets is a tool
that finds lists of related
values
 Enter one or two related
values, point the mouse
at the cell’s handle in
the lower right corner,
press CTRL, and drag
the cell down several
rows
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31. Using ImportHTML
 The ImportHTML
function imports a table
or list from a Web page
into a Google
spreadsheet
 You need to know which
table on the page you
wish to import
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32. Using ImportHTML
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33. Using ImportXML
 Displays XML data within a Google
spreadsheet
 Requires a URL of the XML feed and the
XPATH for the requested data
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34. Using ImportXML
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35. Linking Data between Web
Applications
 Data can be linked between applications in a
variety of ways
– Facebook Connect
– OpenID
 Portal pages display customized online
content from different sources on the same
page
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36. Linking Data between Web
Applications
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37. Linking Activities between Web
Applications
 Facebook Connect is a set of APIs that enable
applications to allow users to share their
identities and activities across many different
Web sites
– Facebook identity becomes single sign-on
– Activity on these sites appears in Facebook status
updates
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38. Linking Activities between Web
Applications
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39. Authenticating with OpenID
 OpenID is an authentication service that
allows users to sign on to many different Web
sites using a single, common digital identity
– Google
– Yahoo!
– Blogger
– AOL
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40. Authenticating with OpenID
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41. Creating New Applications from
Data in the Cloud
 Mashups are Web applications that combine
content or data from multiple online sources
into new Web applications
 Contents are continually updated
 Content for mashups often comes from Web
feeds and Web services
 Creating mashups usually requires significant
Web development experience
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42. Creating New Applications from
Data in the Cloud
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43. Creating New Applications from
Data in the Cloud
 Wordle is a mashup application that creates a
word cloud based on the frequency of words in
a specified text
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44. Linking Data in Context:
A Prelude to Web 3.0 and Beyond
 Web 3.0 is the name that is being used to
describe emerging trends that allow people
and machines to link information in new way
– Agents can make decisions and take actions
based on a user’s preferences
 Many describe Web 3.0 as the rise of the
Semantic Web
– Intelligent software tools can read Web pages and
discern useful information from them
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45. Linking Data in Context:
A Prelude to Web 3.0 and Beyond
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46. Linking Data in Context:
A Prelude to Web 3.0 and Beyond
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47. A Semantic Search Engine: Bing
 Microsoft’s Bing search engine attempts to
understand a search query in order to provide
meaningful results
 Bing infers meaning from a user’s search
query
– Mt Rushmore is an abbreviation for Mount
Rushmore
 Provides preview of search results
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48. A Semantic Search Engine: Bing
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49. A Computational Knowledge
Engine: Wolfram|Alpha
 Wolfram|Alpha is a computational knowledge
engine that tries to understand user questions
and calculate their answers
 Knowledge base is composed of verified data
from public Web sites, such as the United
States Census Bureau for population and
demographics information
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50. A Computational Knowledge
Engine: Wolfram|Alpha
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51. Structured Search:
Google Squared
 Google Squared adds structure to search
results by providing the results in a table
 Users can search for and display additional
attributes by adding a new column and can
add additional items to the category by adding
a new row
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52. Structured Search:
Google Squared
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53. Summary
 Cloud computing combines the convenience of
Web hosting with the flexibility of IaaS, PaaS,
and SaaS
 Web 2.0 companies provide APIs and Web
services so that others can access their data
to create new applications and mashups that
run in the Cloud
 Web 3.0 will mark the shift to a Semantic Web
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54. 6
Linking Data
Chapter 6
Complete
Web 2.0:
Concepts and
Applications