our final result of our mutual

1. Crossroads over the Aegean.
Human soul remains the same ,
through centuries and borders.

2. Bilateral Comenius project.
Armenio Larissa Greece high school
Suat Terimer Anatolian high school
2011 – 2013

3. Greek and Turkish partners

4. Greek mythology
Greek mythology is a Η Ελληνική μυθολογία
garden of shiny myths . είναι ένας κήπος
Full of brave men and λαμπερών μύθων ,
beautiful , yet , fatal γεμάτος από γενναίους
women . άντρες και όμορφες ,
μοιραίες γυναίκες .
Let’s have a look on
some of these myths. Ας δούμε μερικούς από
τους μύθους.

5. The twelve gods
at mount Olympus
In general, the Olympians are the Οι δώδεκα θεοί, ζουν στον Όλυμπο,
gods who live on Mount και όλοι συγγενεύουν με τον
Olympus, all of them somehow πατέρα των Θεών , τον Δία.
related to the supreme god Zeus. Το Ολύμπιο Δωδεκάθεο , αποτελείται
More specifically, the Twelve από τους :
Olympians are the major deities Δίας
of the Greek Pantheon : Ήρα ( αδελφή και σύζυγος του Δία ,
Zeus θεά του γάμου )
Hera ( Zeus sister and wife , goddess Ποσειδών ( αδελφός του Δία ,
of marriage) θεός της θάλασσας )
Poseidon ( Zeus brother and God of Δήμητρα ( αδελφή του Δία ,
the sea ) θεά της γεωργίας )
Demeter ( Zeus sister and goddess of Αθηνά ( κόρη του Δία ,
agriculture )
θεά της σοφίας )
Athena ( Zeus daughter , goddess of
wisdom )

6. Zeus - Poseidon

7. The twelve gods at mount Olympus
Hestia ( Zeus sister , virgin goddess Εστία ( αδελφή του Δία , παρθένος
of home and family ) θεά της οικογένειας )
Apollo ( Zeus son , god of music ) Απόλλων ( γιος του Δία , θεός της
μουσικής )
Artemis ( Zeus daughter , virgin
Άρτεμις ( κόρη του Δία , δίδυμη
goddess of hunting , Apollo’s twin αδελφή του Απόλλωνα ,
sister ), παρθένος θεά του του κυνηγιού)
Ares ( Zeus son, god of war ) Αφροδίτη ( κόρη του Δία , θεά της
Aphrodite /Venus ( Zeus daughter ομορφιάς )
goddess of beauty ) , Ήφαιστος ( ο μοναχογιός του Δία και
Hephaestus ( Zeus and Hera’s only της Ήρας , σύζυγος της
child , god of fire , Aphrodite’s Αφροδίτης , θεός της φωτιάς )
husband ) Ερμής ( γιος του Δία , θεός του
εμπορίου )
Hermes ( Zeus son and god of
commerce ) .

8. Hermes – Aphrodite

9. The twelve gods
at mount Olympus
Hestia was often replaced • Τη θέση της Εστίας στο Ολύμπιο
by Dionysus ( Zeus son and god of Δωδεκάθεο , πολλές φορές
wine ) . έπαιρνε ο Διόνυσος , ο θεός του
Heracles, Asclepius, Pluto / κρασιού .
Hades and Persephone were Ο Πλούτωνας ή Άδης , ο τρίτος
sometimes also included as part αδελφός του Δία , δεν έμενε στον
of the twelve Olympians Όλυμπο ,αλλά στο βασίλειό του ,
(primarily due to the influence of στον Κάτω Κόσμο .
the Eleusinian Mysteries),
although in general Pluto was
excluded, because he resided
permanently in the
underworld and never visited
Mount Olympus.

10. Apollo – Athina

11. Jason and
the Argonauts
Το μυθικό ταξίδι του Ιάσωνα και των
It’s the myth of the voyage of Jason and the Αργοναυτών από την Ιωλκό για να
Argonauts from Iolkos ( Greece ) to φέρουν πίσω το Χρυσόμαλλο δέρας από
retrieve the Golden Fleece from την Κολχίδα , στην Μαύρη Θάλασσα.
remote Colchis ( Black Sea ).
Οι ηρωικές του περιπέτειες και ο δεσμός του
Their heroic adventures and Jason's Ιάσονα με την μάγισσα και πριγκίπισσα
relationship with the Colchian των Κόλχων , Μήδεια.
princess/sorceress Medea.
Η Μήδεια σε ένα λουτρό αίματος , σκοτώνει
Medea had to kill and cut into pieces her own πρώτα τον αδελφό της για να φύγουν από
brother to succeed saving Jason and his την Κολχίδα και μετά τον Αίσονα , θείο
partners from Colchis . του Ιάσονα στην Ιωλκό , για να σώσει τον
They, finally, achieve to arrive at Iolkos , Ιάσονα και για να του εξασφαλίσει τον
where Medea kills Jason uncle , so they θρόνο.
have have to leave again for Korinthos . Τελικά , διωγμένοι καταφεύγουν στην
Jason leaves Medea for the Korinthos young Κόρινθο , όπου ο Ιάσονας εγκαταλείπει την
princess , so Medea kills their two children Μήδεια για να νυμφευθεί την
and the young princess and her father , as πριγκίπισσα και τότε η Μήδεια σκοτώνει
well. Medea escapes to the skies helped τα παιδιά της ( και του Ιάσονα ) καθώς
by the Sun. και την πριγκίπισσα και τον πατέρα της
πριγκίπισσας και διαφεύγει με το άρμα
του Ήλιου.

12. Jason , Medea and the golden fleece

13. Theseus
Theseus was Aethra’s and Aegeus ( king of Ο Θησέας ήταν γιος του βασιλιά της Αθήνας
Athens) son. Αιγέα και της πριγκίπισσας της Τροιζήνας
When Aethra became pregnant, Aegeus decided Αίθρας .
to return to Athens. Before leaving, however, Όταν η Αίθρα ήταν έγκυος , ο Αιγέας την άφησε
he buried his sandals and sword under a στην Τροιζήνα και επέστρεψε στην Αθήνα ,
huge rock and told Aethra that when their λέγοντας στην Αίθρα , ότι έκρυψε κάτω από
son grew up, he should move the rock, if he ένα γιγάντιο βράχο το σπαθί και τα
were heroic enough, and take the tokens for σανδάλια του και όταν ο γιος τους
himself as evidence of his royal parentage. καταφέρει να τα πάρει , ας έλθει να τον βρει
In Athens, Aegeus was joined by Medea, who had στην Αθήνα.
left Corinth after slaughtering the children Στην Αθήνα ο Αιγέας συνδέθηκε με την Μήδεια ,
she had borne Jason, and had taken Aegeus η οποία είχε καταφύγει εκεί μετά την
as her new consort. Priestess and consort δολοφονία των παιδιών της.
together represented the old order in Όταν ο Θησέας μεγάλωσε ,κοντά στην μητέρα
Athens. του , σήκωσε τον βράχο και ξεκίνησε για την
Thus Theseus was raised in his mother's land. Αθήνα για να διεκδικήσει τα δικαιώματά του
When Theseus grew up and became a brave από τον πατέρα του.
young man, he moved the rock and
recovered his father's tokens. His mother
then told him the truth about his father's
identity and that he must take the sword and
sandals back to king Aegeus to claim his
birthright.

14. Theseus and
the Minotaur
To journey to Athens, Theseus could choose to go by Για να πάει στην Αθήνα ο Θησέας διάλεξε τον
sea (which was the safe way) or by land, δύσκολο δρόμο της στεριάς , παρά τον ασφαλή
following a dangerous path around the Saronic της θάλασσας ., ξέροντας ότι θα συναντούσε έξι
Gulf, where he would encounter a string of six χθόνιες εισόδους στον Κάτω Κόσμο , καθώς και
entrances to the Underworld, each guarded by φοβερούς ληστές .
a chthonic enemy. Young, brave, and ambitious, Οι ληστές αυτοί ,που σκότωναν και λήστευαν τους
Theseus decided to go alone by the land route and εμπόρους και περαστικούς ,ήταν :
defeated a great many bandits along the way , Ο Σίνης ο Πιτυοκάμπτης , που λύγιζε δύο πεύκα και
έδενε επάνω τους τους περαστικούς ,μετά τα
Sinis Pityocamptes ( Sinis the pine –bender , who tied άφηνε και το θύμα σκιζόταν στα δύο.
his victims on a bent pine ,tearing them apart to
Ο Περιφήτης , ο Σκίρωνας , που έβαζε να του
take their money ), πλύνουν τα πόδια και μετά κλωτσούσε το θύμα
Periphetes , στο γκρεμό , όπου το έτρωγε μία πελώρια
Sciron ( with his giant human eater sea turtle) , θαλάσσια χελώνα.
Procroustes ( the stretcher , placing on a bed his Ο Προκρούστης , που είχε ένα κρεβάτι πάνω στο
οποίο τοποθετούσε τα θύματα του και είτε τα
victims , cutting their feet , if longer than the τέντωνε είτε τα άκρωτηρίαζε για να είναι ίσα με
bed , or stretching them to death if they were το κρεβάτι.
shorter ). Ο Θησέας κατάφερε να καθαρίσει τον τόπο από
Theseus going to Crete killed Minotaur, a half-man, τους ληστές και να σκοτώσει και τον
half-bull monster that lived in Μινώταυρο μέσα στον Λαβύρινθο,στο παλάτι
the Labyrinth created by Daedalus. του Μίνωα στην Κρήτη.

15. Theseus and the Minotaur

16. Hercules
Hercules was the son of Zeus and the Ο Ηρακλής ήταν γιος του Δία και της Αλκμήνης.
mortal Alcmene. Hercules is famous for his Φημισμένος για την δύναμη του και για τις
strength and for his numerous far-ranging πολυάριθμες περιπέτειές του.
adventures. Hercules is known for his many Πιο γνωστές , οι Δώδεκα άθλοι του .
adventures, which took him to the far reaches Το λιοντάρι της Νεμέας
of the world. The :"Twelve Labours," :
Η Λερναία Ύδρα
Slay the Nemean Lion.
Το ελάφι της Άρτεμης
Slay the nineheaded Lernaean Hydra.
Ο κάπρος του Ερύμανθου
Capture the Golden Hind of Artemis.
Οι στάβλοι του Αυγεία
Capture the Erymanthian Boar.
Οι Στυμφαλίδες Όρνιθες
Clean the Augean stables in a single day.
Ο ταύρος του Ποσειδώνα
Slay the Stymphalian Birds.
Τα άλογα του Διομήδη
Capture the Cretan Bull.
Η ζώνη της Ιππολύτης , βασίλισσας των Αμαζόνων
Steal the Mares of Diomedes.
Τα βόδια του Γηρυόνη
Obtain the girdle of Hippolyta, Queen of
the Amazons. Τα μήλα των Εσπερίδων
Obtain the cattle of the monster Geryon. Ο Κέρβερος .
Steal the apples of the Hesperides.
Capture and bring back Cerberus.

17. Hercules

18. Trojan war /
Iliad
Handsome Paris, prince of Troy, eloped the Ο όμορφος Πάρις , που ήταν πρίγκιπας της
prettiest of all women Elena of Sparta , Τροίας , απήγαγε την ωραία Ελένη , σύζυγο
king Menelaus wife. Menelaus along with του Μενέλαου του βασιλιά της Σπάρτης.
his brother Agamemnon campaigned Ο Μενέλαος μαζί με τον αδελφό του
against Troy, with all Greek (Achaean) Αγαμέμνονα , βασιλιά των Μυκηνών
leaders. It has been a ten year siege and συγκεντρώνουν όλους τους βασιλιάδες των
finally Achaean army achieved their goal: Ελλήνων / Αχαιών και εκστρατεύουν
Trojans surrender and total destruction., εναντίον της Τροίας .
through Odysseus Trojan horse . Η Τροία πολιορκείται δέκα ολόκληρα χρόνια και
Many brave men had died, both Trojans πολλοί γενναίοι άντρες ,
( Hector ) and Achaeans ( Ajax , Achilles etc) Αχαιοί και Τρώες , φονεύονται σε μονομαχίες
Achaean leaders return home but their way ,όπως ο Έκτορας , ο
back isn’t easy at all. Αίας , ο Αχιλλέας και άλλοι .
It takes Ulysses ( Odysseus ) ten years of Η Τροία κυριεύεται με τον Δούρειο ίππο
adventurous voyages to get back home . του Οδυσσέα , αλλά οι περιπέτειες των Αχαιών
δεν τελειώνουν εκεί. Ο Οδυσσέας
Agamemnon faces death from his own wife περιπλανιέται δέκα χρόνια μέχρι να φθάσει
and cousin. στην Ιθάκη και ο Αγαμέμνονας βρίσκει το
θάνατο από το χέρι της ίδιας του της
γυναίκας της Κλυταιμήστρας .

19. Achilles – Laokoon

20. Odusseus ( Ulisses)
Odysseus , king of Ithaca , during his ten year Ο Οδυσσέας , ο βασιλιάς της Ιθάκης , στα δέκα
adventurous trip back home , he had to face χρόνια του περιπετειώδους ταξιδιού της
the : επιστροφής του αντιμετώπισε :
full of rage Cikones , Τους άγριους Κίκονες
the savage Cyclops ( one eyed human eater Τον ανθρωποφάγο Κύκλωπα
monster ) , Τους καννίβαλους Λαιστρυγόνες
the cannibals Lestrygons , Τους Λωτοφάγους
the Lotophagus (Lotus eaters, lotus was a fruit Τις Σειρήνες , που τραγουδώντας αγγελικά ,
causing to forget their homecoming ), ξεγελούσαν τους ναυτικούς για να τους
the Sirenes ( human eating monsters , singing like φάνε
angels ) , Την Σκύλλα με τα έξι κεφάλια και την φρικτή
the six-headed monster Scylla and the Χάρυβδη.
whirlpool Charybdis , Την Μάγισσα – θεά Κίρκη και τελικά την
the witch-goddess Circe and finally arrived ship πανέμορφη νύμφη Καλυψώ , που τον
wrecked and alone at the pretty nymph κράτησε φυλακισμένο επτά χρόνια .
Calypso island . Κατάφερε να φτάσει στην Ιθάκη μόνο όταν ο
He managed to arrive to Ithaca , only when Zeus Ποσειδώνας και ο Δίας του το επέτρεψαν.
and Poseido allowed that.

21. Ulisses

22. Antigone Sophocles
• ANTIGONE Yes. Zeus did not announce those laws to • (450) ΑΝ. Οὐ γάρ τί μοι Ζεὺς ἦν ὁ κηρύξας τάδε,
me. [450] οὐδ’ ἡ ξύνοικος τῶν κάτω θεῶν Δίκη
And Justice living with the gods below sent no such τοιούσδ’ ἐν ἀνθρώποισιν ὥρισαν νόμους·,
laws for men. I did not think 510 οὐδὲ σθένειν τοσοῦτον ᾠόμην τὰ σὰ
anything which you proclaimed strong enough κηρύγμαθ’ ὥστ’ ἄγραπτα κἀσφαλῆ θεῶν
to let a mortal override the gods
and their unwritten and unchanging laws.
(455) νόμιμα δύνασθαι θνητὸν ὄνθ’
They’re not just for today or yesterday, ὑπερδραμεῖν.
but exist forever, and no one knows Οὐ γάρ τι νῦν γε κἀχθές, ἀλλ’ ἀεί ποτε
where they first appeared. So I did not mean ζῇ ταῦτα, κοὐδεὶς οἶδεν ἐξ ὅτου ’φάνη.
to let a fear of any human will Τούτων ἐγὼ οὐκ ἔμελλον, ἀνδρὸς οὐδενὸς
lead to my punishment among the gods. φρόνημα δείσασ’, ἐν θεοῖσι τὴν δίκην
I know all too well I’m going to die— [460
(460) δώσειν· θανουμένη γὰρ ἐξῄδη, τί δ’ οὔ;
• how could I not?—it makes no
κεἰ μὴ σὺ προὐκήρυξας. Εἰ δὲ τοῦ χρόνου
difference 520
what you decree. And if I have to die πρόσθεν θανοῦμαι, κέρδος αὔτ’ ἐγὼ λέγω·
before my time, well, I count that a gain. ὅστις γὰρ ἐν πολλοῖσιν ὡς ἐγὼ κακοῖς
When someone has to live the way I do, ζῇ, πῶς ὅδ’ οὐχὶ κατθανὼν κέρδος φέρει;
surrounded by so many evil things, (465) Οὕτως ἔμοιγε τοῦδε τοῦ μόρου τυχεῖν
how can she fail to find a benefit παρ’ οὐδὲν ἄλγος· ἀλλ’ ἄν, εἰ τὸν ἐξ ἐμῆς
in death? And so for me meeting this fate
won’t bring any pain. But if I’d allowed
μητρὸς θανόντ’ ἄθαπτον ἠνσχόμην νέκυν,
my own mother’s dead son to just lie there, κείνοις ἂν ἤλγουν· τοῖσδε δ’ οὐκ ἀλγύνομαι.
an unburied corpse, then I’d feel distress.W Σοὶ δ’ εἰ δοκῶ νῦν μῶρα δρῶσα τυγχάνειν,
What’s going on here does not hurt me at all 530 If you think (470) σχεδόν τι μώρῳ μωρίαν ὀφλισκάνω.
what I’m doing now is stupid perhaps I’m being charged
with foolishness [470] by someone who’s a fool.

23. Antigone

24. Hippolyte Euripides
• O Zeus, why hast thou brought into the world to plague • Ιπ. ὦ Ζεῦ, τί δὴ κίβδηλον ἀνθρώποις κακὸν
us such a tricksy thing as woman?If thou didst wish to • γυναῖκας ἐς φῶς ἡλίου κατώικισας;
propagate mankind,Couldst thou not find some better • εἰ γὰρ βρότειον ἤθελες σπεῖραι γένος,
way than this? • οὐκ ἐκ γυναικῶν χρῆν παρασχέσθαι τόδε,
• We to the temples might have brought our price In gold • 620 ἀλλ' ἀντιθέντας σοῖσιν ἐν ναοῖς βροτοὺς
or weight of iron or of brass,And purchased offspring, • ἢ χαλκὸν ἢ σίδηρον ἢ χρυσοῦ βάρος
each to the amount of that which he has paid; and so • παίδων πρίασθαι σπέρµα του τιµήµατος,
have dweltIn quiet homes unvexed of womankind.Now, • τῆς ἀξίας ἕκαστον, ἐν δὲ δώµασιν
to import a plague into our homes,First of our • ναίειν ἐλευθέροισι θηλειῶν ἄτερ.
substance we make sacrifice,And here at once we see • [νῦν δ' ἐς δόµους µὲν πρῶτον ἄξεσθαι κακὸν
what woman is. • µέλλοντες ὄλβον δωµάτων ἐκτίνοµεν.]
• The father that begot her gladly paysA dowry that he • τούτωι δὲ δῆλον ὡς γυνὴ κακὸν µέγα·
might be rid of her,While he may bring this slip of evil • προσθεὶς γὰρ ὁ σπείρας τε καὶ θρέψας πατὴρ
home.Fond man adorns with costly ornamentA • φερνὰς ἀπώικισ', ὡς ἀπαλλαχθῆι κακοῦ.
worthless idol, and his living wastes to trick her out in • 630 ὁ δ' αὖ λαβὼν ἀτηρὸν ἐς δόµους φυτὸν
costly finery. • γέγηθε κόσµον προστιθεὶς ἀγάλµατι
• He has no choice. Are his connections good,to keep • καλὸν κακίστωι καὶ πέπλοισιν ἐκπονεῖ
them he must keep a hated wife; Are his connections • δύστηνος, ὄλβον δωµάτων ὑπεξελών.
bad, he can but weigh against that evil a good • [ἔχει δ' ἀνάγκην· ὥστε κηδεύσας καλῶς
bedfellow.His is the easiest lot who has to wife a cipher, • γαµβροῖσι χαίρων σώιζεται πικρὸν λέχος,
a good-natured simpleton; Quick wits are hateful. • ἢ χρηστὰ λέκτρα πενθεροὺς δ' ἀνωφελεῖς
• λαβὼν πιέζει τἀγαθῶι τὸ δυστυχές.]
• Ne'er may wife of mine be wiser than consorts with
• ῥᾶιστον δ' ὅτωι τὸ µηδέν· ἀλλ' ἀνωφελὴς εὐηθίαι
womanhood.In your quick-witted dames the power of κατ' οἶκον ἵδρυται γυνή.
loveMore wickedness engenders; while the dull are by • 640 σοφὴν δὲ µισῶ· µὴ γὰρ ἔν γ' ἐµοῖς δόµοις
their dullness saved from going wrong. • εἴη φρονοῦσα πλείον' ἢ γυναῖκα χρή.

25. Hippolyte

26. Medea Euripides ἄλλως ἄρ΄ ὑμᾶς͵ ὦ τέκν΄͵ ἐξεθρεψάμην͵
ἄλλως δ΄ ἐμόχθουν καὶ κατεξάνθην πόνοις͵ 1030
στερρὰς ἐνεγκοῦσ΄ ἐν τόκοις ἀλγηδόνας.
• In vain, my children, have I brought you up,Borne all ἦ μήν ποθ΄ ἡ δύστηνος εἶχον ἐλπίδας
the cares and pangs of motherhood,And the sharp πολλὰς ἐν ὑμῖν͵ γηροβοσκήσειν τ΄ ἐμὲ
pains of childbirth undergone.In you, alas, was καὶ κατθανοῦσαν χερσὶν εὖ περιστελεῖν͵
treasured many a hopeOf loving sustentation in my ζηλωτὸν ἀνθρώποισι· νῦν δ΄ ὄλωλε δὴ
age,Of tender laying out when I was dead,Such as γλυκεῖα φροντίς. σφῷν γὰρ ἐστερημένη
all men might envy.Those sweet thoughts are mine
λυπρὸν διάξω βίοτον ἀλγεινόν τ΄ ἐμοί.
no more, for now bereft of youI must wear out a
ὑμεῖς δὲ μητέρ΄ οὐκέτ΄ ὄμμασιν φίλοις
drear and joyless life,And you will nevermore your
mother see,Nor live as ye have done beneath her ὄψεσθ΄͵ ἐς ἄλλο σχῆμ΄ ἀποστάντες βίου.
eye.Alas, my sons, why do you gaze on me,Why φεῦ φεῦ· τί προσδέρκεσθέ μ΄ ὄμμασιν͵ τέκνα; 1040
smile upon your mother that last smile?Ah me! τί προσγελᾶτε τὸν πανύστατον γέλων;
What shall I do? My purpose meltsBeneath the αἰαῖ· τί δράσω; καρδία γὰρ οἴχεται͵
bright looks of my little ones.I cannot do it. γυναῖκες͵ ὄμμα φαιδρὸν ὡς εἶδον τέκνων.
Farewell, my resolve,I will bear off my children from οὐκ ἂν δυναίμην· χαιρέτω βουλεύματα
this land.Why should I seek to wring their father's τὰ πρόσθεν· ἄξω παῖδας ἐκ γαίας ἐμούς.
heart,When that same act will doubly wring my τί δεῖ με πατέρα τῶνδε τοῖς τούτων κακοῖς
own?I will not do it. Farewell, my resolve.What has λυποῦσαν αὐτὴν δὶς τόσα κτᾶσθαι κακά;
come o'er me? Shall I let my foesTriumph, that I οὐ δῆτ΄ ἔγωγε. χαιρέτω βουλεύματα.
may let my friends go free?I'll brace me to the deed. καίτοι τί πάσχω; βούλομαι γέλωτ΄ ὀφλεῖν
Base that I wasTo let a thought of wickedness cross ἐχθροὺς μεθεῖσα τοὺς ἐμοὺς ἀζημίους; 1050
my soul.Children, go home. Whoso accounts it τολμητέον τάδ΄. ἀλλὰ τῆς ἐμῆς κάκης͵
wrongTo be attendant at my sacrifice,Let him stand τὸ καὶ προσέσθαι μαλθακοὺς λόγους φρενί.
off; my purpose is unchanged.Forego my χωρεῖτε͵ παῖδες͵ ἐς δόμους. ὅτῳ δὲ μὴ
resolutions, O my soul,Force not the parent's hand θέμις παρεῖναι τοῖς ἐμοῖσι θύμασιν͵
to slay the child.Their presence where we will go αὐτῷ μελήσει· χεῖρα δ΄ οὐ διαφθερῶ. ἆ ἆ.
will gladden thee.By the avengers that in Hades μὴ δῆτα͵ θυμέ͵ μὴ σύ γ΄ ἐργάσῃ τάδε·
reign,It never shall be said that I have leftMy ἔασον αὐτούς͵ ὦ τάλαν͵ φεῖσαι τέκνων·
children for my foes to trample on.It is decreed. ἐκεῖ μεθ΄ ἡμῶν ζῶντες εὐφρανοῦσί σε.
μὰ τοὺς παρ΄ Ἅιδῃ νερτέρους ἀλάστορας͵
οὔτοι ποτ΄ ἔσται τοῦθ΄ ὅπως ἐχθροῖς ἐγὼ 1060
παῖδας παρήσω τοὺς ἐμοὺς καθυβρίσαι.

27. Medea

28. Electra Sophocles
ἀλλ᾽ οὐ μὲν δὴ λήξω θρήνων
• But I at least will ne'er refrain my στυγερῶν τε γόων,
eyes from weeping, while I ἔστ᾽ ἂν παμφεγγεῖς ἄστρων105
live,Nor yet my voice from ῥιπάς, λεύσσω δὲ τόδ᾽ ἦμαρ,
wail;Not while I see this day and
yon bright twinkling stars;But like μὴ οὐ τεκνολέτειρ᾽ ὥς τις ἀηδὼν
a nightingale of its young brood ἐπὶ κωκυτῷ τῶνδε πατρῴων
bereaved,before the gates I πρὸ θυρῶν ἠχὼ πᾶσι προφωνεῖν.
speak them forth to all.O house ὦ δῶμ᾽ Ἀΐδου καὶ Περσεφόνης,110
of Hades and Persephone,O
Hermes of the abyss, and thou, ὦ χθόνι᾽ Ἑρμῆ καὶ πότνι᾽ Ἀρὰ
dread Curse,And ye Erinyes, σεμναί τε θεῶν παῖδες Ἐρινύες,
daughters of the gods,Ye dreaded αἳ τοὺς ἀδίκως θνῄσκοντας ὁρᾶθ᾽,
ones, who lookOn all who perish, αἳ τοὺς εὐνὰς ὑποκλεπτομένους,
slain unrighteously,On all whose
bed is stealthily defiled,Come ye, ἔλθετ᾽, ἀρήξατε, τίσασθε πατρὸς115
and help avenge my father's φόνον ἡμετέρου,
death;Send me my brother here." καί μοι τὸν ἐμὸν πέμψατ᾽ ἀδελφόν·
• 120

29. Electra

30. Ajax Sophocles
• Woe to the mother, in her close of day,Woe • ὦ μᾶτερ αἰσχύνας ἐμᾶς--
to her desolate heart, and temples • ὥρμασε πανδάμους ἐπὶ βοῦς ἀγελαίας,
gray,When she shall hearHer loved one's 175
story whispered in her ear!"Woe, woe!" will
be the cry--No quiet murmur like the
• ἦ πού τινος νίκας ἀκάρπωτον χάριν,
tremulous wail of the lone bird, the • ἤ ῥα κλυτῶν ἐνάρων
querulous nightingale--But shrieks that fly • ψευσθεῖσ᾽, ἀδώροις, εἴτ᾽ ἐλαφαβολίας;
piercing, and wild, and loud, shall mourn the • ἢ χαλκοθώραξ μή τιν᾽ Ἐνυάλιος
tale;And she will beat her breast, and rend
her hair,Scattering the silver locks that Time • μομφὰν ἔχων ξυνοῦ δορὸς ἐννυχίοις
hath left her there.Oh! when the pride of 180
Græcia's noblest race wanders, as now, in • μαχαναῖς ἐτίσατο λώβαν;
darkness and disgrace,When Reason's day • οὔ ποτε γὰρ φρενόθεν γ᾽ ἐπ᾽ ἀριστερά,
Sets rayless--joyless--quenched in cold • παῖ Τελαμῶνος, ἔβας
decay,Better to die, and sleepThe never-
waking sleep, than linger on and dare to live, • τόσσον, ἐν ποίμναις πίτνων· 185
when the soul's life is gone;But thou shalt • ἥκοι γὰρ ἂν θεία νόσος· ἀλλ᾽ ἀπερύκοι
weep,Thou wretched father, for thy dearest • καὶ Ζεὺς κακὰν καὶ Φοῖβος Ἀργείων φάτιν.
son,The best beloved, by inward Furies • εἰ δ᾽ ὑποβαλλόμενοι
torn,The deepest, bitterest curse, thine
ancient house hath borne! • κλέπτουσι μύθους οἱ μεγάλοι βασιλῆς
• ἢ τᾶς ἀσώτου Σισυφιδᾶν γενεᾶς,
190
• μὴ μή, ἄναξ, ἔθ᾽ ὧδ᾽ ἐφάλοις κλισίαις
• ὄμμ᾽ ἔχων κακὰν φάτιν ἄρῃ.

31. Ajax

32. Crossing through space and Yer ve zamanda yolculuk
time, we are now at the yaptıktan sonra şimdi
Ottoman Empire and Turkish Osmanlı İmparatorluğu ve
nation. Türk devletindeyiz.
We can see lots of legends and Burada da insan ruhuna
poems leaning on human soul dayanan birçok efsane ve şiir
here ,too. örnekleri görebiliriz.

33. TURKISH FOLK LITERATURE TURK HALK EDEBİYATI ,
is an oral tradition deeply Orta Asya’nın göçebe
rooted,in its form,in Central geleneklerini almış sözsel
Asian nomadic traditions. Here edebiyattır. Ejderhalar, devler,
are dragons, giants, witches, cadılar, tuhaf yaratıklarla
villains, weird creatures-but also karşılaşacağımız gibi;masum
innocent children, lovable çocuklar, sevgi dolu
characters, romantic lovers, and karakterler,romantik aşıklar ve
guardian angels. The vision can koruyucu meleklerle de
change from perfect clarity to karşılaşırız.Görüntü tam bir
trompe l'oeil . netlikten bir göz yanılmasına
geçebilir.

34. Frequently one gets the Hikayelerin durgun ve sabit
impression that these are stories bir toplumun ürünü olduğu
generated by a static society, but izlenimine varılsa da ,
then one finds a dizzyingly birdenbire karşımıza göçebe
dynamic tale of quest that hayat ve onun
reflects a nomadic culture and its belirsizliklerini yansıtan
disquietude. The collection hikayeler de çıkar. Eserler
oscillates between realism and realizm ve sürrealizm
surrealism. A goodly number arasında gidip gelir . Birçoğu
possess political criticism, politik eleştiriler yaparken
whereas a few are straight love bazıları da aşkla ilgili
stories. Fatalism alternates with a hikayelerdir. Kadercilik ve
defiant, almost revolutionary, meydan okuyan , yenilikçi bir
spirit. Many belong to the pure ruh birbirini izler. Bazıları
"masal" (tale) genre told for sadece keyif için anlatılan
pleasure while some are "mesel" ‘masal’lardır, bazılarıysa
(parables with a moral). ahlaksal ya da dinsel ders
veren ‘mesel’lerdir.

35. The first oral literature in early Eski Türk dönemlerinde ilk sözlü
Turkish periods is produced during edebiyat dini ritüeller süresince
the religious rituals. Religious ortaya çıkmıştır. Dindar insanlar
people play saz, called ‘kopuz' and ‘kopuz’denilen sazlar çalarlar ve
they tell poems. But most of the şiirler okurlar.Fakat şiirler,
poems, proverbs, epics etc. are atasözleri, destanlar gibi eserler
carried into written forms yüzlerce yıl sonra yazılı dile
hundreds of years later.So,we can geçirilmiştir. Bu yüzden, bizler
only reach the ones in the written sadece yazılı olanlarına
forms. ulaşabilmekteyiz.

36. During this period, poems, music and Bu dönem boyunca, şiirler, müzik
religion are closely related to each ve din birbiriyle iç içedir. Şiirlerin
other. The main topics of the poems ana konusu; doğa,ölüm,aşk,dini
are nature, death, love, religious inançlar, kahramanlık vs. O
beliefs, heroism etc. The poems have dönemlerde ki şiirler farklı isimlerle
different names: adlandırılır:
Sagu: It is a kind of funeral song. These Sagu :Bir çeşit cenaze
poems are told after the death of a şarkısıdır(yuğ). Bu şiirler bir kişinin
person. ln these poems, people explain ölümünün ardından söylenir.
how brave the dead person was, and Şiirlerde , ölen kişinin ne kadar
how sad they are after his death. So, cesur olduğundan ve insanların
sagu is a poem that is about death and onun ölümünün ardından
sadness. duydukları acı anlatılır.Bu yüzden,
sagu, ölüm ve keder ile ilgilidir.
Koşuk: lt is a kind of poem that is told
during the feast before and after Koşuk :Avlanmadan önce ve sonra
hunting. ln these poems, the main düzenlenen ziyafetler boyunca
themes are heroism, nature, war and söylenen şiirlerdir.Bu şiirlerde ana
love. konular kahramanlık,doğa,savaş ve
aşktır.

37. Sav: These are the proverbs of that Sav: O zamanın özdeyişleridir.
term.
Epic: Epics are literary works which Destan : Destanlar ülkelerin önemli
contain important events and cultural olaylarını ve kültürel öğelerini içeren
elements for nations. An epic is a edebi eserlerdir.Destan uzun epic bir
lengthy narrative poem and ordinarily şiirdir ve genellikle kahramanlıkla ilgili
concern a serious subject containly şeyler ile önemli kültürel ve doğasal
details of heroic deeds and significant olayları ele alır. Eski Türkler savaşçı ve
cultural and national events. Old Turks göçebe insanlardır, birçok savaşta yer
are warriors and nomads, they are almışlardır,avlanma ve hayvancılıkla
involved in various wars, they are busy uğraşırlar.Destanlarda onların bu zor,
with hunting and animal breeding. maceracı yaşamları anlatılır.
Their difficult adventurous lives are
reflected in the epics.

38. The Orkhon inscriptions are Orhun Yazıtları , eski Türk
known as the oldest examples of alfabesinin en eski örnekleri
Old Turkic alphabet.They are two olarak bilinir. 7 ve 8. yüzyıldan
memorial installations erected by kalan ve Göktürkler tarafından
the Gökturks ,dating from the late Tonyukuk , Kültigin ve Bilge
7th arid early 8th centuries. Kağan için yazılmış anıtsal
The Orhun monumental yapıtlardır.Orhun Yazıtları,
inscriptions ,written for konusu ve kusursuz uslubuyla
Tonyukuk, Kültigin and for Bilge Türk Edebiyatının şaheseri
Khagan ,are masterpieces of sayılır. Günümüzdeki Tanrı
Turkish literature with their ibadetinin en önemli delilleri
subject matter and perfect style. Orhun Yazıtlarında bulunur.
The most important contemporary
testimony of ‘Tengri’ worship is
found in the Orkhon inscriptions.

39. TURKISH MYTHOLOGY is the TÜRK MİTOLOJİSİ tarihi Türk
body of myths and teachings that halklarının inanmış oldukları
belong to the Turkic people. mitolojik bütüne verilen
Turkic mythology embraces isimdir.Türk mitolojisi
Tengriist and Shamanist Tengricilik ve Şamanistlik
traditions as well as all cultural öğelerini taşımasının yanısıra,
and social subjects being a göçebe bir hayat
nomad folk. Especially after sürüldüğünden kültürel ve
Turkic migration, some of the sosyal temalarla doludur.
myths are decorated with Islamic Özellikle Türk göçünden sonra,
symbols. It has many common bazı efsaneler İslamiyet
points with Aegean and sembolleriyle süslenmiştir. Ege
Anatolian mythologies (Green ve Anadolu mitolojileriyle
and Hittite) as well as Mongol (özellikle Yunan ve Hitit) ortak
mythology. Turkic mythology is noktalar gösterir,Tatar
influenced by other local mitolojisi gibi diğer
mythologies, such as Tatar. mitolojilerin etkisi de görülür.

40. Some of the Gods and Goddesses Türk Mitolojisindeki bazı Tanrı
in Turkish Mythology ve Tanrıçalar
Tengri is one of the names for the
Tengri eski Türk ler için ilk
primary chief deity in the religion of
sıradaki ,en önemli ilahtır.
the early Turkic people.
Umay is the goddess of fertility and Umay bereket ve dogurganlık
virginity. tanrıçasıdır.
Kayra is the Spirit of God and creator Kayra Tanrı’nın ruhu ve
of god. yaratıcısıdır.
Bai-Ulgan is the son of Kayra and the Bai Ulgan Kayra’nın oğlu ve
god of goodness. iyilik tanrısıdır.
Erlik is the god of death and
Erlik ölüm ve yer altı tanrısıdır.
underworld.
Ay Dede is the moon god
Ay Dede ay tanrısıdır.
Gün Ana is the sun god Gün Ana güneş tanrıçasıdır.

41. The WOLF (Böri) symbolizes Türk edebiyatında ‘KURT’;
honour and is also considered onuru, şerefi simgeler ve Kurt
the mother of most Turkish çoğu Türk’ün anası olarak
people. düşünülür.
In BOZKURT LEGEND, BOZKURT DESTANInda ‘Asena’
‘Aseana’ (Ashina Tuwu) is Göktürklerin ilk hükümdarı
known as the wolf mother of olan Bumen’in annesi olarak
Bumen, the first Khan of the bilinir.
Göktürks.
ERGENEKON DESTANI’nda
In ERGENEKON LEGEND, Göktürkler nesli tükenmek
when Göktürks are about to üzereyken, kurttan tekrar
die out, they are reborn from çoğalırlar ve Türk soyları
the wolf, and they maintain böylece devam eder.
Turk descendants.

43. The HORSE is also one of the ‘AT’ da Türk mitolojisindeki
main figures of Turkic ana figürlerden biridir.
mythology. In early times, Geçmişte, Türkler ‘at’ı
Turks consider the horse as an kendilerinin bir uzantısı olarak
extension of the individual- görürler-genellikle erkeklere
generally dedicated to the özgüdür- ve onunla ‘tam’
male- and they think one is olduklarını düşünürler. ‘At’ın
complete with it.The horse is rüzgardan yaratıldığına
believed to be created from the inanılır. Böylece rüzgarın gücü
wind. So ‘horse’ has got the ve hızı ata geçmiştir. Atlar
strength and speed of the wind. efsane ve masallarda önemli
Horses take important parts in yer tutar. Örneğin Aşkar
legends and tales. For example (Battal Gazi’nin atı), Kırat
Aşkar (Battal Ghazi’s horse), (Köroğlu’nun atı), Akkula
Kırat (Köroğlu’s horse), Akkula (Manas Han’ın atı) vs.
(Manas Han’s horse) and so on.

45. The DRAGON (Evren, Ebren), EJDERHA , genellikle yılan ya
which is a typically snake –like da dev kertenkele biçiminde
or lizard-like legendery creature, efsanevi bir yaratıktır ve
is the symbol of might and power Türk mitolojsinde güç ve
in Turkish mythology. It is kuvvetin simgesidir.Dağlarla
believed, especially in kaplı Orta Asya’da ejdarhaların
mountainous Central Asia, that hala varolduğuna inanılır. Eski
dragons still live in the Türk geleneğinde ejdarhalar
mountains! Dragons also ayrıca ‘Tanrı’yı sembolize
symbolize the god Tengri (Tanrı) ederler, bununla birlikte Tanrı
in ancient Turkic tradition, olarak tapılmazlar. Fakat
although dragons themselves are zamanla , ejderhalar üstesinden
not worshiped as gods.However gelinmesi gereken bir düşman
later in time , dragons become ya da tehlikenin sembolü haline
the symbol of the danger and gelmişlerdir.
enemy thas has to be overcome.

47. KÖROĞLU is a poet who
KÖROĞLU, Anadolu’da
lives in Anatolia. The name
yaşamış bir şairdir.Türk
Köroğlu literally means "Son
tarihinde bilinen iki
of a Blind Man". Although
Köroğlu figürü olmasına
there are two different well-
rağmen, Türklerin zihninde
known Köroğlu figures in
tek bir karakter olarak
Turkish history, they are
şekillenmiştir.
combined in one unique
Köroğlu insafsız
character in Turkish
yöneticilere karşı savaşan
people's mind. Köroğlu is
bir kahraman olarak bilinir.
known as a hero who is
against the unfair rulers.

49. In the EPIC of KÖROĞLU , it is KÖROĞLU DESTANI’nda,
told that, Köroğlu's father is the Köroğlu’nun babasının Bolu
hostler of the Lord of Bolu. When Beyi’nin seyisi olduğu söylenir.Bolu
the lord does not appreciate the Beyi, Köroğlu’nun babasının aldığı
horse that is bought by Köroğlu's atı beğenmez ve babasının gözlerini
father, he makes the father blind. kör eder.Köroğlu büyüyünce o atı
When Köroğlu grows up, he trains eğitir ve babasının öcünü almaya
the horse and promises to take yemin eder. Dağlarda yaşamaya
revenge of his father. He starts to başlar, ünü yayılır, adaletsiz
live in mountains, his fame spreads zenginlerden alıp fakirlere veren bir
and he becomes a hero who takes kahraman olur. (Destan bu yönde
from unfair rich people in order to Robin Hood maceraları ile
give the poor. (The epic combines benzerlik gösterir.)Silah ve tüfek
the occasional romance with Robin icat edildiğinde, Köroğlu’nun
Hood-like chivalry.) It is said that, ‘cesaret cömertlik yok oldu’
when gun and rifle are invented, diyerek bu dünyadan kaybolduğu
Köroğlu vanish off the face of the söylenir.
earth by saying courage and
chivalry have been lost.

50. In Köroğlu's poems; courage,
Köroğlu’nun şiirlerinde; cesaret,
friendship, love, nature, and
dostluk, aşk,doğa ve intikam
revenge are told in a lyrical
konuları lirik ve basit bir dille
and simple language. Here is
anlatılır. Köroğlu’nun Bolu
a well-known Köroğlu poem
Beyi’ne yazdığı bir şiir :
in which he addresses to Lord
of Bolu:
Benden selam olsun Bolu
From me, to Lord of Bolu,
Bey'ine
here is greetings,
It is needed to snuggle
Çıkıp şu dağlara yaslanmalıdır
those mountains.
Thanks to creak of arrow,
Ok gıcırtısından kalkan
voice of shield,
sesinden
Should give out sound, the
Dağlar seda verip
mountains.
seslenmelidir.

51. The EPIC of TIMUR (Temir) TİMUR DESTANI en eski ve en
ise one of the most ancient bilinen Türk destanlarından
and well known legends. The biridir. Destanda, Moğol
legend is about the Mongol hükümdarı Timur’un yaptığı
ruler Timur, his battles and savaşlar ve diğer milletlerle
relations with other nations. In ilişkileri anlatılır. Efsanede
the legend, Timur finds a Timur, gökyüzünden düşen
strange stone that falls from tuhaf bir taş bulur (demir
the sky maden bir göktaşı) ve ondan ilk
( an iron ore meteorite) and demir kılıcı yapar. Bugün ‘demir’
makes the first Iron sword kelimesi İngilizce’de ‘iron’
from it. Today, the word demektir.
‘demir’ means ‘iron’.

52. The EPIC OF MANAS is the MANAS DESTANI dünyannın
longest epic in the world. The en uzun destanıdır. Destanda
legend tells the story of Kyrgyz daha küçük yaştan kahraman
Manas, who is believed to be a olacağı bilinen Kırgız Manas'ın
hero when he is a child. I is said hikâyesi anlatılmaktadır.
that Manas is cheated and killed Manas'ın dostları tarafından
by his companions. The animals ihanete uğratılıp öldürüldüğü
cry for him at his grave and söylenir. Mezarı başında
Goktanrı (the Tengri of Sun ) ağlayan hayvanlar Manas'a ağıt
revives him , and then Manas yakarlar ve Göktanrı acıyarak
follows his friends to take Manas'ı diriltir. Manas da
revenge. kendisine ihanet eden
dostlarının peşine düşer.

53. The EPIC of OGHUZ KHAN is OĞUZ KAĞAN DESTANI, Orta
a central polical mythology for Asya Türkleri için başlıca politik
Turkic people of CentralAsia.The destanlardan biridir. Destan,
epic is about Oghuz Khan, who Türklerin atası olduğuna inanılan
is believed the father of the Oğuz Han ve onun
Turks, and his bravery. Oghuz kahramanlıklarıyla ilgilidir. Oğuz
Khan is a legendary and semi- Han, efsanevi ve yarı mitolojik bir
mythological Khan of the Turks. Türk kağanıdır. Bazı Türk
Some Turkic cultures use this kültürlerine göre bu destan
legend to describe their ethnic Türkmenler, Osmanlılar, ve diğer
origins and the origin of the Oğuz Türkleri tarafından
system of poltical clans used by kullanılan siyasi klan sistemi ve
Turkmen, Ottoman and other etnik kaynakları tanımlar. Destan,
Oghuz Turks. The various Oğuz boyları, Türk Dili Edebiyatı,
versions of the narrative folkloru, tarihi ve kültürü
preserved in many different hakkında bilgi verir. El
manuscripts has been published yazmalarında muhafaza edilen
in numerous languages. The epic öykünün bir çok değişik versiyonu
gives information about Oghuz sayısız dile çevrilmiştir.
Turks, Turkish language,
literature, folklore, history, and

54. According to the legend, Oghuz, Efsaneye göre; Orta Asya’da doğan
born in Central Asia, is the leader Oğuz Han Türklerin lideridir. Doğar
of the Turks. He starts talking as doğmaz konuşmaya başlar. Anne
soon as he is born.He stops sütünü bir kez içer ve ilk içişinden
drinking his mother’s milk after sonra kımız ve çiğ et ister. Gücü
the first time and asks for simgeleyen boynuzlu bir tacı vardır.
‘kımız’(an alcholic beverage Olağanüstü hızlı bir şekilde büyür
mode with horse milk) and raw ve sadece 40 günde genç bir yetişkin
meat. He has got ‘a horned olur. Oğuz, Kıyant denilen güçlü ve
crawn’ symbolizing power. He büyük bir yaratık olan gergedanı
grows supernaturally fast and öldürdükten sonra ulusal bir
only in 40 days, he becomes a kahraman olur. Pek çok boya
young adult. After Oghuz kills adlarını o verir.( Uygur, Kanglı,
the strong, dragon, named Kıpçak, Kalaç, Karluk). Kağan olur,
Kıyant, he becomes a national olağanüstü güzel iki kadınla evlenir,
hero. He becomes the khan, he altı oğlu olur. Oğullarına Gün, Ay,
marries two supernaturally Yıldız, Gök, Dağ, Deniz isimlerini
beatifull girls, he has six sons. verir.
Their names are Sun, Moon, Star,
Sky, Mountain and Sea!

55. After his sons are born, Oghuz Oğuz Han oğulları doğduktan
Khan gives a great feast and he sonra büyük bir ziyafet verir, tüm
gives this order to his lords: Türk boylarını davet eder ve şu
buyruğu verir:
I have become your Khan Ben sizin Kağanınız oldum
Let’s all take swords and shields Hepimiz kılıç ve kalkanlarımızı
Kut (divine power) will be ousign alalım
Grey wolf will be our uran Kurt bizim sembolümüz
(wacry) Gri kurt bizim uranımız
Our iron lances will be a forest Demir mızraklar orman olacak
Khulan will walk on the hunting Daha fazla deniz, daha fazla nehir
ground Güneş bizim bayrağımız, gök
More seas and more rivers bizim çadırımız.
Sun is our flag and sky is our
tent.

57. The BOOK of DEDE DEDE KORKUT HİKAYELERİ,
KORKUT , ist the most famous Oğuz Türkleri’nin en ünlü
epic stories of the Oghuz destansı hikayeleridir.
Turks. The stories carry morals Hikayeler, göçebe Türkler ve
and values significant to the onların İslamiyet öncesi
social lifestyle of the nomadic inanışları için önemli olan
Turks and their pre-Islamic manevi ve ahlaki değerler taşır.
beliefs. The book consists of a Kitap 12 hikayeden oluşur,
series of epics (12 epics), orally bunlar kitap olarak basılmadan
told and transferred over the önce sözlü olarak anlatılmış ve
generations before published nesilden nesile aktarılmıştır.
as a book. In the stories of Hikayelerde; mitoloji ve destan,
Dede Korkut ; mythology and efsane ve hikaye, hikaye ve
epic, legend and story, tale and masal iç içedir.
story are mixed altogether.

58. DEDE KORKUT is the first DEDE KORKUT hikayelerin ilk
teller of the stories. He is wise anlatıcısı olarak bilinir. Çok
and prescient. People ask for akıllıdır ve kehanet gücü
his advice and ideas about vardır. İnsanlar önemli
important issues. Language is konularla ilgili ondan tavsiye
quite simple in the book. In isterler. Kitaptaki dil oldukça
the epics, it is mentioned yalındır. Hikayelerde,
about daily lives of the people, insanların günlük yaşamları,
their religious believes, the dini inanışları, savaşlar,
battles, fighting with yaratıklarla mücadeleleri,
creatures, heroism etc. kahramanlık gibi konulardan
bahsedilir.

60. TEPEGOZ is a legendary creature in TEPEGÖZ, Türk mitolojisinde
Turkic mythology who has only one alnında tek bir gözü olan efsanevi bir
eye on his forehead.He is an ogre that yaratıktır.Dede Korkut
appears in the Book of Dede Korkut, a hikayelerinde, Oğuz Türklerinin ünlü
famous epic story of the Oghuz bir destanında görülen bir ‘dev’dir.Bu
Turks.In this epic,Tepegoz starts to destanda, Tepegöz büyüdüğünde
kill everybody when he grows , so the herkesi öldürmeye başlar, bu yüzden
khans of Oghuz people decide to de Oğuz Kağan halkı onu sonsuza
banish him forever.But nobody is able dek yok etmeye karar verir.Fakat
to kill him.The sword cannot cut kimse onu öldüremez.Kılıç onu
him,the arrow cannot kill him.His kesmez, ok ona işlemez.Derisi çok
skin is very hard.Half of the all Oghuz serttir.Oğuz kahramanlarının yarısı
hereos die trying to kill Tepegoz.Just tepegözü öldürmeye çalışırken
one man is able to kill him-a hero ölürler.Sadece Basat adında bir
called Basat.He kills terrible Tepegoz kahraman onu öldürebilir.Basat
by striking his eye.Then he cuts off ,Tepegözü ancak gözünden vurarak
his head with a magical sword and öldürebilir.Sihirli bir kılıçla kafasını
thus he saves not only himself but keser, böylece sadece kendini değil
also his nation from the terror of tüm ulusu Tepegözün gazabından
Tepegoz. kurtarır.

61. The warriors of the Oghuz and Oğuz savaşçıları ve Tepegöze
battles against Tepegoz karşı yapılan mücadeleler
dercribed are likely grounded in Peçenkler ve Kıpçaklar
the conflicts between the arasındaki çekişmeye
Pechenegs and Kipchaks.The dayanır.,Homer’in Odyssey
story elements bear destanındaki Kiklop ile yapılan
resemblance to the encounter çatışmayla benzerlik gösterir.
with the Cyclops in Homer’s Hikayenin Yunan destanından
Odeyssey.It is believed to have etkiler taşıdığına ve ortak bir
been influenced by the Greek köke sahip olduklarına inanılır.
epic or to have one common
ancestral root.

62. SEYYİD BATTAL GHAZI, is a SEYYİD BATTAL GAZİ,
mythical leader, an important Anadolu’ da görülen mitik bir
figure and warrior in Anatolia. lider, önemli bir figür ve
He is believed to have lived in savaşçıdır. Battal Gazi’nin 8.
the 8th century. ‘Battal’ means yüzyılda yaşadığı tahmin
‘hero’ in Arabic. The legend of edilmektedir. ‘Battal’ Arapça’ da
Battal Ghazi is based on the ‘ kahramanlık’ demektir. Battal
exploits of Umayyad military Gazi Destanı, Emevi lideri
leader Abdallah al-Battal. In Abdullah al- Batal ‘ın
the legend, Battal Ghazi is an serüvenlerine dayanmaktadır.
intellectual, religious and Destanda Battal Gazi, bilgin,
generous hero. He both dinine bağlı ve cömert bir
struggles to expand Islam and kahramandır. Hem
fights against extraordinary Müslümanlığı yaymak için
power such as giants, witches savaşır, hem de dev, büyücü gibi
etc. olağanüstü güçlere karşı mücadele
eder.

63. MINSTREL (AŞIK) is a kind of AŞIK, Türk Halk Edebiyatında
poet seen in the Turkish Folk 11. yüzyılın başından bu yana
Literature since the beginning görülen bir çeşit halk ozanıdır.
of 11th century. It is believed ’Aşık’ ın şair niteliğini,
that minstrel takes his quality rüyasında bir bilge tarafından
of poet by drinking the ‘love verilen ‘aşk şarabı’ içerek ve
wine’ served by the sage in his sevgilisinin suretini görerek
dream and by seeing the aldığına inanılır. Aşıklar, uzak
image of his lover. Minstrels diyarlar, var olan ya da hayal
perform songs whose Iyrics ürünü tarihi olaylar ile ilgili
tell stories of distant places or hikayeler anlatan şarkılar
of existing or imaginary söylerler. Aşıklar genellikle aşk,
historical events. They usually doğa, kahramanlıkla ilgili
sing songs about love, nature, eserler üretirler ve ellerinde
heroism and play a saz ( a sazları ile diyar diyar dolaşarak
folkloric musical instrument), sanatlarını icra ederler.
by walking around from
village to village, town to

64. Much of the poetry and song
Şiir ve Aşık edebiyatı geleneği
of the aşık/ozan tradition
anonim olarak günümüze
remains anonymous. There
gelmiştir. Bununla birlikte yazılı
are, however, a few well-
eserleriyle elimize ulaşan ünlü
known aşıks from that time
aşıklarımız da
whose names survive together
vardır.Köroğlu,Karacaoğlan,
with their written works:
Dadaloğlu vb.
Köroğlu, Karacaoğlan,
Dadaloğlu etc.
19. yüzyılda Aşık edebiyatı
azalmaya başlamasına rağmen,
Despite the decline of the
Aşık Veysel,Aşık Mahsuni ve
aşık/ozan tradition in the 19th
diğer birçok ozanlarımız
century ,it experiences a
sayesinde 20. yüzyılda da bu
significant revival in the 20th
geleneğin devamı görülebilir.
century thanks to such
outstanding figures as Aşık
Veysel, Aşık Mahsuni and
many others.

65. The Turkish Folk Literature Türk Halk Edebiyatının
which has survived till our günümüze kadar gelen eserleri
day, reflect the influence of İslamiyetin etkilerini yansıtır.
Islam. They also reflects the Ayrıca, İslamiyetin kabul
new life style and form of the edilmesinden sonra Orta
traditional literature of Asya’nın yeni yaşam tarzını ve
Central Asia after the geleneksel edebiyat
adaption of Islam. It is örneklerinin özelliklerini de
strongly influenced by the gösterir. Sufi ve Şii
Islamic Sufi and Shi'a geleneğinden büyük ölçüde
traditions. etkilenmiştir

66. Conclusion
Studying both civilizations , we realized that as
many the differences as much the similarities ,
between two neighbours !!
Heroes and beautiful ladies , supernatural
creatures , both good and evil , minstrels
travelling all over countries singing their
stories !!!
It was an exciting and joyful journey through
time and borders!!!

67. A happy end !!!