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The City of Rome
The Mythical Origins of the Eternal City
The Mythical Foundations of Rome


•   Foundations of cities are dignified by their antiquity, wherein
    mortal and divine affairs are allowed to mingle. If any people are
    entitled to consecrate their beginnings and trace them back to
    divine founders, these are the Roman people, so great is the glory
    of their military achievement that, when they lay claim to Romulus
    as city-founder and to his father Mars as parent, all humanity
    ought to endure it with the equanimity by which they endure our
    imperium.

                           •- Livy, History of Rome (1.1)
The Mythical Foundations of Rome


• 390 BCE - Rome Sacked by the Gauls
 • All history is lost
• Aeneas
• Romulus & Remus
• Early Kings of Rome
Aeneas: The Peripatetic Trojan
Aeneas
Aeneas & Dido
Aeneas & Italy

•   Aeneas settles in Latium

•   Marries Lavinia

•   Ascanius founds Alba
    Longa
Rhea Silvia - Romulus & Remus




•   Mother of Romulus &
    Remus
Romulus & Remus
•   Twins condemned

•   Sent in a basket down
    the river Tiber

•   Suckled by a “Lupa”

•   Raised by a shepherd
    and his wife
Rome - Founded on Fratricide
The Rape of the Sabine Women


•   Rapio - The take or to
    Seize

•   Original occupants of
    Rome - runaway slaves,
    convicts, ne’er-do-wells
The Early City: Pre-Urban
         Rome
The Early City: Pre-Urban Rome



•   Traditional Date: 753
    BCE

•   Archaeological evidence:
    9th century BCE
The Early City: Pre-Urban Rome




•   Hut-urns
The Early City: Pre-Urban Rome
The Early City: Pre-Urban Rome
The Early City: Pre-Urban Rome
The Kings of Rome
•   Romulus

•   Numa Pompilius

•   Tullus Hostilius

•   Ancus Marcius

•   Tarquinius Priscus “Tarquin the Elder”

•   Servius Tullius

•   Lucius Tarquinius Superbus “Tarquin the Proud”
The Early City: Urbanization of
                Rome
•   During the 7th century
    (“Time of Kings”) Rome
    significantly transformed
    •   Marshy regions drained

    •   construction of the Cloaca
        Maxima

    •   Rise in population density

    •   Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus
        constructed

    •   Borders of the city
        (pomerium) defined

    •   Further expansion of Roman
        power
The Unification of Italy
The Early City: Urbanization of
                Rome



•   Rise of population
    density

    •   Housing explosion
The Kings of Rome

•   The Death of Romulus

    •   Ascends to the heavens?

    •   Murdered by the Senate?
The Kings of Rome
• Tarquinius Priscus “Tarquin the Elder” 616-
  579 BCE
  •   First Etruscan King of Rome

  •   Circus Maximus

  •   Cloaca Maxima

  •   Assassinated
Circus Maximus
The Kings of Rome
•   Tarquinius Superbus “Tarquin the Proud” 534 - 509

    BCE



    •     Extended Roman territory



    •     Completed the Cloaca Maxima



    •     Built the Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus



    •     Acquired the Sibylline Books
Cloaca Maxima


•   First Sewer System of
    Ancient Rome
Rape of Lucretia
The Birth of the
Republic 509 BCE
    Lucius Brutus

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Foundations of Rome

  • 1. The City of Rome The Mythical Origins of the Eternal City
  • 2. The Mythical Foundations of Rome • Foundations of cities are dignified by their antiquity, wherein mortal and divine affairs are allowed to mingle. If any people are entitled to consecrate their beginnings and trace them back to divine founders, these are the Roman people, so great is the glory of their military achievement that, when they lay claim to Romulus as city-founder and to his father Mars as parent, all humanity ought to endure it with the equanimity by which they endure our imperium. •- Livy, History of Rome (1.1)
  • 3. The Mythical Foundations of Rome • 390 BCE - Rome Sacked by the Gauls • All history is lost • Aeneas • Romulus & Remus • Early Kings of Rome
  • 7. Aeneas & Italy • Aeneas settles in Latium • Marries Lavinia • Ascanius founds Alba Longa
  • 8. Rhea Silvia - Romulus & Remus • Mother of Romulus & Remus
  • 9. Romulus & Remus • Twins condemned • Sent in a basket down the river Tiber • Suckled by a “Lupa” • Raised by a shepherd and his wife
  • 10. Rome - Founded on Fratricide
  • 11. The Rape of the Sabine Women • Rapio - The take or to Seize • Original occupants of Rome - runaway slaves, convicts, ne’er-do-wells
  • 12. The Early City: Pre-Urban Rome
  • 13. The Early City: Pre-Urban Rome • Traditional Date: 753 BCE • Archaeological evidence: 9th century BCE
  • 14. The Early City: Pre-Urban Rome • Hut-urns
  • 15. The Early City: Pre-Urban Rome
  • 16. The Early City: Pre-Urban Rome
  • 17. The Early City: Pre-Urban Rome
  • 18. The Kings of Rome • Romulus • Numa Pompilius • Tullus Hostilius • Ancus Marcius • Tarquinius Priscus “Tarquin the Elder” • Servius Tullius • Lucius Tarquinius Superbus “Tarquin the Proud”
  • 19. The Early City: Urbanization of Rome • During the 7th century (“Time of Kings”) Rome significantly transformed • Marshy regions drained • construction of the Cloaca Maxima • Rise in population density • Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus constructed • Borders of the city (pomerium) defined • Further expansion of Roman power
  • 21. The Early City: Urbanization of Rome • Rise of population density • Housing explosion
  • 22. The Kings of Rome • The Death of Romulus • Ascends to the heavens? • Murdered by the Senate?
  • 23. The Kings of Rome • Tarquinius Priscus “Tarquin the Elder” 616- 579 BCE • First Etruscan King of Rome • Circus Maximus • Cloaca Maxima • Assassinated
  • 25. The Kings of Rome • Tarquinius Superbus “Tarquin the Proud” 534 - 509 BCE • Extended Roman territory • Completed the Cloaca Maxima • Built the Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus • Acquired the Sibylline Books
  • 26. Cloaca Maxima • First Sewer System of Ancient Rome
  • 28. The Birth of the Republic 509 BCE Lucius Brutus