This document provides an overview of trends in the newspaper industry and how newspapers are adapting to changes brought about by digital media and the Internet. It discusses how newspaper formats, content, and business models have evolved from traditional broadsheet styles to incorporate more color, images, abbreviated articles, and magazine-like elements to attract younger readers. It also describes how some newspapers are experimenting with hybrid print-digital models and relying more on advertising revenue rather than subscription or single-copy sales. The challenges newspapers face in a fast-moving digital landscape are also summarized.

1. 2 1st Century Journalis m A Practical Guide International edition Belgrade - Bratislava - Budapest – Bucharest – Prague – Zürich *** work-in-progress version of 2nd English edition *** Last modified: 10 May, 2007 Edited by László Turi, 2007

2. [Impressum] 21st Century Journalism - A Practical Guide Copyright © 2007 by Ringier Kiadó Kft Szugló utca 81-85., Budapest, H-1141, Hungary Publisher: Bela Papp, Executive manager Visit www.21stCenturyJournalism.com for updates of the book and for the best sources of new journalism. ISBN 978-963-7714-25-2 No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise.

4. Preface „ 21st Century Journalism” was preceeded by a general study of the Eastern European online market, where we analysed the threats and opportunities in our industry. Based on this study, we invested an additional 3-month team work involving a group of online experts to summarize trends and best practices. Online journalism is a moving target, therefore the booklet will be updated according to the needs. This is not a bible, just a starting point to provide tailor-made education for editorial boards. The internet is a global phenomenon, but usage patterns are changing from culture to culture, so we emphasize country particularities in this material. „ 21st Century Journalism” training is targeted to journalists open to meet the challenges of online world and devote time to in-work training. The first courses have already been successfully completed in Romania and Hungary, others are being planned. In addition to train on-job journalists, the material has also been presented to students of Budapest University of Economics and Nepszabadsag-Ringier School of Journalism. During the trainings it turned out that students require written and illustrated material for further thinking. This booklet fulfills this need, but it is not intended for self-study. Training online journalism is a mutual learning between students and teacher. Therefore this a living material building on feedbacks and interactions of the training sessions. In addition we received a lot of inspiration from consultants and experts. The authors appreciate all comments and cooperation initiatives. Budapest, 2007. Laszlo Turi & Andras Nyiro [email_address] & andras.nyiro@ 21stCenturyJournalism.com

5. Credits Author and editor : Laszlo TURI, New Media Research & Development, Ringier AG . - Graduated in humanities, with 12 years of experience in multimedia development. Among other positions in new media, he worked in the mobile content development team of T-Mobile Hungary. Concept : Andras NYIRO, Director of New Media Research & Development, Ringier AG . - Known as one of the most influential characters in the development of Hungarian new media culture. Founder of seminal multimedia and internet magazines, former director of mobile content services at T-Mobile Hungary. Newspaper trends : Patrick BERTSCHY, Ringier AG . - Graduated in law, with journalist experience at German and French speaking Swiss newspapers and magazines. He also hold other positions in Swiss publishing industry. Special thanks Petr BEDNAR, Online Director, Ringier Czech Republic and Slovakia Stephane CARPENTIER, Art Director, Ringier AG Laurentiu CIORNEI , Content manager of www.evz.ro Gábor FLÓRIÁN, layout György JUHÁSZ, Director of Online Department at Ringier Hungary. Zoltán KAPRINAY, Regional Content Manager, Ringier e-media Pál LÉDERER, Director of Online Department at Népszabadság. Dezső ORBÁN, Senior developer of Ringier e-media services. Béla PAPP, Managing Director of Ringier Hungary. Ferenc PÉCSI, dotkommentar.hu Claudiu SERBAN, publisher, Ringier Romania

7. <H1>FAST MOVING MARKET

9. <H3>How did technology influence media? Milestones relevant for Western Europe, especially UK. Based on Raymond Williams: Communications, London 1966 Daily Mirror’s record: 7million copies. (Queen Elizabeth’s coronation) 1953 2006 1985 1955 1937 1930 1900 1880 1866 1700 1556 Freesheet. Metro is the largest newspaper. Integrated newsrooms. More online visitors than daily print copies. Layoffs due to electronic printing. 1/3 of adults read newspapers. Desktop publishing, web 1985 ITV (Independent TV, UK) launch, end of BBC’s broadcast monopoly, ad-revenue based. Print sales starts dropping TV – regular BBC broadcast 1936 50% of adults read dailies. 50% revenue on advertising. Formulatin of publishing empires. BBC (1927) Radio – regular broadcast 1922 1/5 of adults read daily papers, 1/3 read Sunday papers. Daily Mirror - the 1st tabloid Display advertising, reduction of price/copy, growth of sale „ Reuters”. Sunday papers with popular content („tabloid style”) Transatlantic telegraph news 1866 Instead of hand printing, steam powered printing. Railway distribution. 1814 Local news appears. Earlier just European news. Content controlled via censorship, instead of publishing licences. „ Notizie scritte” - a regular, paid government publication in Venetia Gutenberg 1447 Media development Technology

10. Print media faces challenges Symptoms of decline Newsstands - In France there were 33,540 newsstands in 1995. Today, only 28,275. If this trend continues, newsstands will disappear by 2035. Revenues - In the UK revenue of i nternet advertising surpassed that of the press in 2006. Survival on the Internet - The print publication of InfoWorld, the iconic IT weekly magazine, has been stopped.The brand name survives on the Internet. Jaipur, North India, 2007 : In the past few years Kathir made a modest business by reselling to tourists those newspapers that air travellers left on plane. But he has just started searching for a new business, because tourists read the new on the Internet and mobile. Sources: Innovations in Newspapers, March-April 2007, http://www.innovationsinnewspapers.com/ , Reuters, 26 March, 2007, http://www.reuters.com/ , Photo: Zsolt Veszelovszki.

11. <H2>Newspaper trends

12. <H3>Print media as a changing physical object If you ask your designer to define a newspaper, than she will talk about a 3-dimensional object. This object has length, width, thickness. It is coloured or black-and-white and its paper has a given quality and color. If the newspaper wants to be different from other products, than the designer has to change some of these parameters time to time. In recent years we have seen that newspapers were shrinking and became more colourful. But the most successful products are breaking sometimes these trends. Design is the art of exceptions. When she works with these parameters of the object, she modifies the opportunities of the editor. You will have less or more space for text and images, you will have to use different type of emphasis and references. Source: Gerald Grow, „Magazine Covers and Cover Lines” in Journal of Magazine and New Media Research , 2002 http:// www.bsu.edu/web/aejmcmagazine/Testfolder/ , Coury Turcyzn „The Decline of Western Magazine Culture” in PopCult ( http://popcultmag.com )

13. Size and style Attracting younger readers is the main reason for the Guardian’s change to a „Berliner” format, with colour throughout. Young and especially female readers are put off by the unwieldiness of broadsheets, and both the Times and the Independent have seen a bounce in circulation since turning tabloid. Going all the way however, says Carolyn McCall, chief executive of Guardian Newspapers, would have meant dumbing down the front page by including fewer headlines. From: The Economist, September 10, 2005. Tabloid: 380x300 mm (halfsize of broadsheet) Broadsheet: 600x380mm Berliner or midi: 470x315 mm

14. Case study: change of format 2004 It was redesigned to Berliner-format The Guardian used to be a broadsheet 2005 This was a response to the moves by The Times and The Independent to start publishing in tabloid (or compact) format. The advantage that The Guardian saw in the Berliner format was that though it is only a little wider than a tabloid, and is thus equally easy to read on public transport, its greater height gives more flexibility in page design. The new presses mean that printing can go right across the 'gutter', the strip down the middle of the centre page, allowing the paper to print striking double page pictures. The switch cost £80 million and involved setting up new printing presses. … The investment was rewarded with a circulation rise. In December 2005, the average daily sale stood at 380,693, nearly 6% higher than the figure for December 2004. Source: Wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian)

17. Color printing is big step towards emotional journalism

21. Daily paper or weekly magazine? The April 9, 2007 issue of Osterreich. The daily paper includes 3 glossy inserts edited in magazine style. A new Austrian daily blurs the lines between newspapers and magazines, and some say this is the future for newspapers in general. The compact, full-colour Osterreich, launched in September 2006 mixes magazine and newspaper styles in one package, with several sections printed on glossy paper and stapled on the spine. These are not typical magazine inserts: they are daily sections, with daily deadlines that are paginated and printed along with the other daily sections. To use both newspaper and magazine quality paper in the same publication, Osterreich and its printing partners had to develop an innovative printing and workflow system that allows for both cold and heat set processes during the same printing run. The high-quality paper allows the newspaper to attract a new brand of luxury goods and other advertisers who insist on magazine quality for their ads. Source: WAN Newsletter, April 25, 2007.

23. Magazine or product catalogue? Advertising influences magazines Madison Magazin, March 2006, p. 192 Ikea Catalogue, 2007, p. 334 Blurred borderline between commercial product placement and newspaper content. Product marketing behaves as media. Looks like… a product catalogue a magazin page

26. Diversification of the free newspaper concept Freesheet war in the UK market „ Newspaper moguls Rupert Murdoch and Lord Rothermere are going head to head in a free newspaper fight, which media analysts believe could fatally damage the paid-for Evening Standard. […] Those who have seen a dummy of thelondonpaper have described it as colourful and more like a magazine than a newspaper, with a youthful approach.„ Source: Online Press Gazette, 17 Aug, 2006, http://www.pressgazette.co.uk/article/170806/murdoch_rothermere_london_free_newspaper_war El Crack 10 in Spain 2003 CASH daily in Switzerland 2006 thelondonpaper in London 2006 finance sport afternoon „ Print your own free up-to-date pdf!” - G24, Guardian’s continuosly updated free pdf edition is a reaction to freesheets from a paid daily. The A/4 layout includes ads targeted to internet users. http://www.guardian.co.uk/g24

27. Key elements of Internet strategies Strategies are usually mixed, clear cases are rare. Le Monde B2C revenue – bundled with subscription Popular strategy in the late ’90s, but today this is rare, eg. Magyar Narancs in Hungary (mancs.hu) promotion Limited online edition – Online is just a selected part of the print newspaper. Example Business model Content Brand enforcement and ad revenue – increase freesheet viewership B2C revenue promotional and ad-revenue ad-revenue Metro New York Times (Times Select) Bild, Sun Guardian, LA Times, E-paper – Facsimile electronic edition of the print newspaper. Premium content – Some parts of the online content is paid-only. Eg. archive or exclusive content. Christmas ornament - No overall strategy for internet and print. Internet is a possibility for extra services that are hanging on the core print content as Christmas ornaments. Web first - Publishes stories first to the web, ending the primacy of the printed newspaper.

28. Case study: two different approaches http://metro.hu Full-featured newsportal: continuous news update, classified and banner ads. Internet is considered an independent revenue channel. http://citiyam.com Limited online edition: the website is considered a promotional portal only, without content. The only genuine content is a regular afternoon podcast branded as City P.M. Internet is not considered a separate revenue channel. Free newspapers’ attitude towards the primarily free medium of internet is ambigous, they are trying to find their role on the internet.

29. Internet: an opportunity to publishers Example of the German market In print: two losers Stern and Der Spiegel are two weekl y magazines competing since more than 50 years to dominate the market of news magazines. Even if Der Spiegel was able to beat Stern for the last five years, there is no clear leader on the print market. Source: German Audit Institute http:// www.ivw.de On internet: strategy makes a difference After undecided battle in the starting years, SPIEGEL ONLINE can now be define as the clear winner of the internet market. Print circulation M onthly visits

31. Example: Readers creating their own tabloid site Air force demotes Playboy poser The information world is led by tabloid topics. Even on the notorious ly serious BBC, the most popular pages are talking rather about emotion and popular stories than seriousness and politics. BBC: editor's version Actor denies child sex offences Viewers complain over Brits jokes BBC: reader's version 1 2 3 Most popular stories, 15th February 2007 Readers have full control over the selection of content.

33. <H2>YOUR READERS

34. Opportunity to approach young readers with your media mix Japan: Asahi Shimbun’s channels Source: Asahi Shimbun’s media kit http://asahi.com/english Radio, TV and internet users, Czech Republic Source: World Association of Newspapers http://www.wan-press.org/article568.html The above demographic data is not available for Nemzeti Sport . Media consumption (minutes per day) Age groups … when online readers are considered, the story of newspaper readership for many papers transforms from one of slow and steady decline to one of vibrancy and growth. […] The audiences for newspaper websites tend to be younger than those for the printed newspaper, dispelling the common misperception that young people are not engaged by newspaper content. Source: Press release of Scarborough Research Apr 3, 2006, http://www.scarborough.com 142 40 35 30 Internet 193 194 208 205 203 Television 174 178 200 210 202 Radio 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997

35. Key statistics indicators * Overlapping is limited by the fact that switching between media is often inconvenient for customers. For example print readers often have no chance to browse the internet just when they meet the display ad of a website. And the difference of target group demographics is also an obstacle: for example young mobile users rarely buy „old-fashioned” print edition just to find more details. Ad revenue Revenue share from operators Ad revenue Ad revenue, sold copies Revenues Audience poll Reach surveys research Registrations, WAP unique phone numbers Unique visitors Sold copies + subscriptions actual Number of readers TV Mobile Internet Print Sold copies x reader/copy subscriptions unique visitors unique phone numbers Total reach* US media audit is already based on a combined indicator of print and online reach. Source: Newspapers by the Numbers, 2006, by Newspaper Association of America

37. Google Analytics

38. Collect information about your product and audience Number of video downloads:…. Number of users:… Number of downloads:… Unique visitors: …. Visits:…. Sold copies:… Subscribers:… Readers per copy…. Usage ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Demographics Give a short description about the audience of each channel 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 Market position Mark the position of your publication or enter the correct number Online TV Mobile Internet Print

39. From monologue to dialogue Source: Oliver Reichenstein, The Future of News. Manuscript, 2007. http://www.informationarchitects.jp/

40. You will improve the journalism. Support the work you do as a journalist by revealing what really matters to people. You will serve your community better. Your work will be relevant to your audience. You can build a relationship with your community. Being an involved institution in your community, should strengthen your ties with the community. You can build consumer engagement. Well delivered stories based on a solid understanding of your target audience should result in a more engaged audience. And that's something every advertiser covets. Traditional media is based on one-way communication. New media is a multi-directional communication. If you want to be successful in such a communication, you will learn more about your audience. What will you gain by this kind of learning?

41. <H1>Genres and channels

43. <H2>GENRES OF JOURNALISM

44. Genres and the journalist’s role Translation of basic terms Russian Chinese Spanish Commentaire , note Interview Récit Reportage Actualité French Kommentar Interview Story Bericht, Reportage Nachrichten, Aktualität German Comentariu, editorial Interviu P oveste Reportaj Stiri Romanian Komentář, poznámka Rozhovor Reportáž or Příběh Report, Krátká zpravodajská reportáž Zprávy, Hlavní zprávy Czech Glossza, jegyzet Interjú Riport Tudósítás Hír, cikk Hungarian Glosa, poznámka Rozhovor, interview Reportáž Riport (krátka spravodajská reportáž) Správa Slovak Reporting Commentary, note Interview Story News, news feature English journalist has a personal experience personal approach is allowed for the journalist journalist must be objective newsroom work only commentary, note, columns, opinion news, news feature story reporting interview

46. Channels and challenges Daily challenges of electronic channels are similar. Be faster than your competitors Write your story for next morning Update Keep your news always up-to-date Channel surfing aggregators, news stolen Content services of mobile operators Maintain readers’ loyalty Competition The next issue must also be sold schedule Bandwith, resolution scrolling Page size, layout Scrolling Space Text and visuals must fit the page 6 sec/shot, 30 sec / news Inconvenient: estimated 3 min per session 1-2 hours/day 15 min / newspaper Time Mind the deadline to deliver the daily by breakfast reading TV Mobile Internet Print daily

47. <H2>NEWS: STYLE, STRUCTURE

48. Exercise: What info is worth a news story? List, explain the key features that make news valuable in mass media. Give examples. Source: BBC Sport http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport , Times Online http://www.timesonline.co.uk/ !

51. Influences to news style and structure Think of examples! Make the story visual and entertaining. Provide immediate information in concise format. Update the story as it develops with facts, references and multimedia. Summarize and evaluate all the available information. Object No way to re-read, unless recorded. Inconvenient, small interface. No word-by-word reading, just scrolling Readers find images first. Usability Shots must be short. Expect channel surfing. Text must be simple. Must be very fast. Bandwith, display limits visual content. No way to influence context (eg. RSS). Complete by deadline and fit page size. Challenges Print daily Internet Mobile TV ?

53. News structure on internet and mobile Title – It must be understandable without sub headings and images, because on the internet popular automatic news collecting services are copying only titles. Lead – Basic facts: who-what-when-where-why . Sometimes used as title page teaser. Max. one paragraph, used to sell the story. Development – Lead information should be resumed and detailed here. Short sentences, one paragraph contains only one idea. Sub headings must also be informative. Context – help s the reader to better understand the meaning of the provided information . Links – Must be inherent part of the article. The text of the links must be meaningful. SMS From: CNN ------------------------------------------------- A LERT Hijackers seize passenger jet in Mauritania and land on Spain's Canary Islands, police and meda say according to wire reports. //CNN Max. 1500-2000 chars Internet, WAP Inverted pyramid The SMS starts with topic category ID. The body text contains only facts. A single complex sentence of 2-3 clauses. Ends with brand promotion. Lead Development Context

57. Crisis of news confidence A 2005 poll by the Pew Research Center reported that the percentage of Americans saying they can believe most of what they read in their daily newspaper dropped from 84 percent in 1985 to 54 percent in 2004. For televised news, whether broadcast or cable, the results are unfortunately similar. What is the cause of this apparent skepticism? Why has our trust in the news eroded while our cynicism about it seems to grow? One answer I’d suggest is that the explosion of information itself has overwhelmed us. […] …news, information comes to us from a staggering multiplicity of sources. Today, in the United States, there are about 1,700 daily and 6,800 weekly newspapers; more than 1,600 broadcast television stations; and nearly 8,500 cable systems. There are also some 13,000 radio stations, along with the newest development in radio technology, satellite radio services. Most of these media outlets, in some way or another, provide news as part of their daily fare; some of them are based on a 24-hour-a-day news model, often with other programming (often entertainment oriented) bracketing the newscasts. And that doesn’t even begin to count the web-based versions of all these media, along with the independent Internet … Source: Journalism’s crisis of confidence, A Report of Carnegie Corporation of New York, http://www.carnegie.org/pdf/journalism_crisis/journ_crisis_full.pdf . Hawking's small step toward space BBC News, UK - 27 minutes ago Famed astrophysicist flies weightless Canada.com, Canada - 41 minutes ago Stephen Hawking Takes a Buoyant Ride on a Zero-Gravity Flight Washington Post, DC - 1 hour ago Hawking takes off for zero gravity Melbourne Herald Sun, Australia - 2 hours ago Space, here I come - Hawking ic SouthLondon.co.uk, UK - 2 hours ago Hawking enjoys weightlessness on jet flight Ireland Online, Ireland - 3 hours ago Vomit Comet flight is his first step towards space Guardian Unlimited, UK - 3 hours ago Hawking researches free-floating joy Boston Globe, MA - 4 hours ago Hawking floats, flips sans gravity Kansas City Star, MO - 4 hours ago Hawking gets taste of zero-gravity Reuters.uk, UK - 5 hours ago Physicist Hawking gets taste of zero-gravity Reuters - 5 hours ago Stephen Hawking floats in a zero-gravity jet. The Age, Australia - 7 hours ago Stephen Hawking to fly weightless Hindu, India - 7 hours ago Hawking takes zero-gravity flight BBC News, UK - 9 hours ago Stephen Hawking Flies Weightless Guardian Unlimited, UK - 9 hours ago Hawking Flies Weightless Aboard Jet Discovery Channel - 10 hours ago Hawking Flies Weightless Aboard Jet San Francisco Chronicle, CA - 12 hours ago http:// news.google.com

58. „… credibility is important for Web users, since it is unclear who is behind information on the Web and whether a page can be trusted. Credibility can be increased by high-quality graphics, good writing, and use of outbound hypertext links. Links to other sites show that the authors have done their homework and are not afraid to let readers visit other sites. „ - Jakob Nielsen Source: How users read on the web http://www.useit.com/alertbox/9710a.html Readers do not trust a single source, therefore expect links to related stories and other background information. The possibility of comparing mainstream sources reinforces the credibility of news on the web. Newsreaders on the internet welcome mainstream journalism and expert openion, but same time wish to express their own view of the story

61. Exercise: Create news story in 3 versions In 1972 the Watergate story was published in the print daily Washington Post. The story was written on typewriter and published only in print. Use the original article and create versions for web, WAP and SMS. Consider changing the structure, length, adding links, etc. GOP Security Aide Among 5 Arrested in Bugging Affair By Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein Washington Post Staff Writers June 19, 1972 One of the five men arrested early Saturday in the attempt to bug the Democratic National Committee headquarters is the salaried security coordinator for President Nixon’s reelection committee. The suspect, former CIA employee James W. McCord Jr., 53, also holds a separate contract to provide security services to the Republican National Committee, GOP national chairman Bob Dole said yesterday… Read the original article here: Washintgon Post http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/local/longterm/tours/scandal/watergat.htm. Source: University of Texas, http://www.hrc.utexas.edu/exhibitions/online/woodstein / Famous print article from the past

62. REPORTING, STORY JOURNALISM

74. INTERVIEW

78. COMMENTARY

80. Journalist blog – the example of Compact (RO) Name and picture of the blogger, Horia, editor in chief of Compact, RO. Editors of Compact, with their own blogs. Short, personal commentary pointing out to a debated issue. Display the blog in a good position in your menu. Readers can comment the article of Horia. You can read the full debate about the topic. If Horia feels it necessary, he answers readers’ comments. http://compact.info.ro

82. Blog content vs. newspaper content Newspaper sites Blog sites „ 66% of people maintaining blogs don't label their acts as journalism. The other 34% considered their blogging as journalism because they engage in journalistic functions like fact-checking and linking to sources…” Source: Pew Internet Project http://www.pewinternet.org/PPF/r/186/report_display.asp ) News, factual report Commentary, diary report Newspaper sites are dominated by news and factual reports, even though they include some commentary as well. Whereas blogs are mostly used for personal self-expression, even if not exclusively.

86. Use your competences in new media

88. News on the internet: hints and tricks

90. News aggregators They give an overview of the current news market and same time generates traffic to your site. Google News: Relies on the collective judgment of online news organizations to determine which stories are most deserving of inclusion and prominence on the News homepage. Personalized alert: e-mail, RSS http://hirlista.hu http://news.google.com Hungarian examples: www.hirlista.hu, www.hirkereso.hu, www.hirstart.hu

91. Citizen reporting How does a Blog differ from mainstream news? Blogs are not held to the same standards as traditional news outlets. Blogs are typically referred to as “grassroots”, or “citizen journalism”, but should be taken with a grain of salt. You have to consider the source, so don’t believe everything you read. That being said, blogs can often do a better job at reporting what’s happening than traditional sources. A good example of that was Interdictor’s Live Journal blog ( http://mgno.com/) . There was more accurate coverage during hurricane Katrina ( http://interdictor.livejournal.com/98501.html) than on any of the major three news networks. So for every example of someone complaining about the lack of quality found in weblogs, there are plenty of examples of people doing really good work as well. If you’re looking for “hard news”, then you’ll want to search CNN over Google. Source: Simply Digital http://www.simplydigital.info/episode-5-weblogs/ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/5181396.stm Best practice: A journalist generating a blog as a desktop research: the „School Security” story http://www.buzzmachine.com/index.php/2006/10/03/school-security-networked-reporting/

92. Mind your sources! The case of incorrectly identified Virginia Tech killer Read more on running your blog as a journalist in the chapter „Commentary” In April 16, 2007 one student of Virginia Polytechnic Institute killed 32 fellow-students. The tragedy happenned in a large, technology oriented community of young people, who were left for some hours without mainstream official information about hyperlocal events. In the absence of any official information from police on the identity of the killer, internet detectives claiming to be in-the-know have been calling attention -- on message boards and online aggregators like Digg -- to the LiveJournal blog of a particular 23-year-old gun maniac in Virginia. Even Fox News started writing about the blogger. It's easy to see why this rumor would get traction. The man's blog features photos of him holding firearms, as well as dark hints of obsessive love, and confirmation that he attends Virginia Tech. Within a few hours over 150 people have entered angry comments on the blog. The story was revealed by Wired magazine. They intentionally did not name or link to the blogger, to maintain the credit of their media. Instead the journalist searched for the blogger’s phone number and called it. Few hours later the blogger posted a message, and explained why he let the rumor live for so long : „ My original intention was to wait until I got AdSense on my site and donating all the proceeds to Charity. However, this situation has now spiraled out of control. I am now confirming that I am not the shooter.” Source: Wired News, http://blog.wired.com/27bstroke6/2007/04/internet_names_.html On Digg.com users share intersting blog posts and other content by submitting links to the site, but they rarely check the truth value of the promoted content.

93. Measuring news update With RSS newsfeeds not only sources, but competitors and your own channels should also be followed. Each major sports newssource has a news feed. You can find it usually under the name „RSS”. Feedreader is one of the several freely downloadable software, that can be used to aggregate news from different sources. 2. 4 hours later the first Hungarian source, Index.hu displayed this story. 3. In this case Nemzeti Sport published the story with more than 6 hours delay. This can be either a result of unawareness or conscious editorial policy, determining other focuses. 1. Original news appears on autosport.com Download Feedreader here: http://www.feedreader.com/download

94. Google for journalists http://video.google.com/ http://translate.google.com „ And now, for just a moment, I would like you to imagine what today’s life would be without all that. What life would be without Google... and how much more time we’d be spending on solving our problems.” Source: Philipp Lensen, 55 Ways to Have Fun With Google http://www.55fun.com/book.pdf . http ://video.google.com/ - search by keywords Video search http://www.google.com/language_tools - language specific search Language http://images.google.com/ - search by keywords Image search http://blogsearch.google.com Blog search How? Function

95. http://maps.google.com http://www.google.com/ link: yoursite.com - A list of sites that link to your site. If they are credible, the site may also be credible - although that is hardly a guarantee Web reference define: word - Gives dictionary defintions for (English) words. Definition teaspoons in 1 litre - Eg. 202 teaspoons in a litre. This works even with very old, obscure or scientific units. Unit exchange 10 USD in HUF Currency exchange How? Function

96. More about Google 30 additional Google search tricks More Google services What are they working on actually at Google?

97. STORY MANAGEMENT, MEDIA INTEGRATION

101. A sample news story The event: passenger plane hijacked from Mauritania - Febr 15, 2007 21:03 Reuters published breaking news, only two sentences (reuters.com) 21:20 Breaking news on cnnmobile.com WAP site. Source: Reuters 21:40 Breaking news published on cnn.com, still based on Reuters. 21:48 SMS alert is sent to subscribers. RSS and desktop alerts based on the headline text. 1:51 (next morning) CNN’s own story published in „international news” section 16:22 All details of the hijacking, based on AP An Air Mauritania flight landed in the Canary Islands after it was hijacked Thursday by a man who was subdued by passengers.

102. 21:03 – Reuters wire story Air Mauritania hijack ends, suspect arrested - radio LAS PALMAS, Spain (Reuters) - The hijacking of an Air Mauritania plane ended in the Spanish Canary Islands on Thursday, a Spanish government official told RNE national radio. A single suspect was arrested, Spanish media said. Emergency services earlier said several people had been wounded by gunfire. No further details were immediately available. &quot;Fortunately the hijacking incident has ended favourably,&quot; Jose Segura, a government representative in the Canary Islands, told RNE. He added that 71 passengers and 8 crew were on the plane.

103. 21:20 – CNN breaking news on wap Hijacked jet lands on Spain islands An Air Mauritania Boing 737 passanger plane hijacked on an internal flight has flown to the Spanish Canary Islands after stopping for fuel in the Western Sahara, Mauritanian official said. &quot;It has gone to the Canaries,&quot; a source closed to the presidency told Reuters. The head of the Mauritanian state news agency said the plane had already touched down. Earlier, a police officer at Nouakchott airport told Reuters the plane had been hijacked on a flight to the northern port town of Nouadhibou and had flown instead to Dakhla in Western Sahara to take on fuel. &quot;There was at least one armed person on board. We don't know his identity,&quot; the state news agency chief, Moussa Hamed, said.&quot;

104. 21:40 – CNN top story on web Hijacking ends on Spanish island Story highlights * Passenger plane hijacked from Mauritania in WestAfrica * Plane lands at airport in Canary Islands, territory of Spain * One person arrested, government reports * Earlier reports say gunfire occurs LAS PALMAS, Spain (Reuters) -- The hijacking of an Air Mauritania plane Thursday ended in the Canary Islands, a Spanish government official told RNE national radio. An Air Mauritania Boeing 737 passenger plane with 71 passengers and eight crew members aboard was hijacked after take off from the airport in Nouakchott, Mauritania’s capital, Mauritanian officials said. A single suspect was arrested, Spanish media said. Emergency services earlier said several people had been wounded by gunfire. No further details were immediately available. &quot;Fortunately the hijacking incident has ended favorably,&quot; Jose Segura, a government representative in the Canary Islands, told RNE. Earlier, a police officer at Nouakchott airport said the plane had been hijacked on a flight to the northern Mauritania port town of Nouadhibou and had flown instead to Dakhla in Western Sahara to take on fuel. The Canary Islands, off the northwest coast of Africa, are a territory of Spain.

105. 21:48 – SMS breaking news alert Find the the teaser page of mobile services on cnn.com. A lot of newspaper site offer similar SMS alert services. CNN asks for your personal and payment details. Credit card payment is done via secure connection. Select channels. You will be charged with a monthly flat fee per each alert channel that you subscribe to. 8 minutes later CNN alerts journalists via SMS service. Learn how to use such a service. CNN’s SMS alerts are strongly recommended for journalists covering international news. Be careful: too many SMS alerts may disturb your work. 21:48 - From: CNN CNN Alert Hijackers seize passenger jet in Mauritania and land on Spain's Canary Islands, police and meda say according to wire reports. The service is indepent of your mobile operator, you pay directly to the content provider and your operator does not charge you. After subscribing you receive the first SMS when the next breaking news event happens.

106. 1:51 (next morning) – CNN’s story Passengers subdue armed hijacker Story highlights • NEW: Air Mauritania flight landed safely in Canary Islands • Canaries official: Plane had 71 passengers and 8 crew • Hijacker arrested; his identity not yet released LAS PALMAS, Spain (CNN) -- A man armed with two pistols hijacked an Air Mauritania flight Thursday but was subdued by two passengers, a Spanish official said. The plane landed safely in the Canary Islands and no one was hurt, the official said. The senior Spanish government source said a man had been trying to commandeer the Boeing 737 to Paris. He was arrested by the civil guard after the jet landed at Gando Airport, the source told CNN. Jose Segura, the central government's chief representative in the Canaries, told Ser, a Spanish radio station, that the plane was carrying 71 passengers and eight crew members. Reports differed on the hijacker's nationality, with one senior Spanish government source saying he is Moroccan and Segura describing him as Mauritanian. Abass Bass, a representative of the Mauritanian Embassy in Washington, described the incident as a &quot;tentative hijacking.&quot; &quot;The information we had from Mauritania is that the passengers fought back and they took the hijacker and now everything is OK,&quot; Bass told CNN. Bass said the flight had been scheduled to be an interior one, from the capital city of Nouakchott to Nouadhibou, in northern Mauritania, near Morocco.

107. 16:22 – Detailed story on CNN, using AP’s report Fast-thinking pilot foiled hijack Story Highlights • NEW: Air Mauritania flight landed safely in Canary Islands • Canaries official: Plane had 71 passengers and 8 crew • Hijacker arrested; his identity not yet released TENERIFE, Spain (AP) -- A fast-thinking pilot, with the help of passengers, fooled a gunman who had hijacked a jetliner flying from Africa to the Canary Islands, braking hard upon landing then quickly accelerating to knock the man down so travelers could pounce on him, Spanish officials said Friday. A lone gunman brandishing two pistols hijacked the Air Mauritania Boeing 737, carrying 71 passengers and a crew of eight, Thursday evening shortly after it took off from the Mauritanian capital of Nouakchott for Gran Canaria, one of Spain's Canary Islands, with a planned stopover in Nouadhibou in northern Mauritania. He wanted to divert the plane to France so he could request political asylum, said Mohamed Ould Mohamed Cheikh, Mauritania's top police official. The hijacker has been identified as Mohamed Abderraman, a 32-year-old Mauritanian, said an official with the Spanish Interior Ministry office on Tenerife, another of the islands in the Atlantic archipelago. He spoke under rules barring publication of his name. Mauritania has said the hijacker was a Moroccan from the Western Sahara. The hijacker ordered the pilot to fly to France, but the crew told him there was not enough fuel. Morocco denied a request for the plane to land in the city of Djala in the Moroccan-controlled Western Sahara, so the pilot headed for Las Palmas in Gran Canaria, the original destination. Speaking to the gunman during the hijacking, the pilot realized the man did not speak French. So he used the plane's public address system to warn the passengers in French of the ploy he was going to try: brake hard upon landing, then speed up abruptly. The idea was to catch the hijacker off balance, and have crew members and men sitting in the front rows of the plane jump on him, the Spanish official said. The pilot also warned women and children to move to the back of the plane in preparation for the subterfuge, the official said. It worked. The man was standing in the middle aisle when the pilot carried out his maneuver, and he fell to the floor, dropping one of his two 7mm pistols. Flight attendants then threw boiling water from a coffee machine in his face and at his chest, and some 10 people jumped on the man and beat him, the Spanish official said. Around 20 people were slightly injured when the plane braked suddenly, the official said. Spanish officials -- and some passengers -- had initially been concerned that the hijacking was terrorism-related; it came on the day a trial began of 29 people accused of the 2004 Madrid train bombings. &quot;We were afraid. We thought it was people from al-Qaida or the Algerian GSPC who were going to cut our throats,&quot; said Aicha Mint Sidi, a 45-year-old woman who was on the plane. The GSPC is a Muslim extremist group. &quot;I trembled during and after the hijacking. I thought the plane was going to blow up any minute, either in mid-air or on landing,&quot; said another passenger, Dahi Ould Ali, 52. Both spoke after returning to Nouakchott. The hijacker was arrested by Spanish police who boarded the plane after it landed at Gando airport, outside Las Palmas. Air Mauritania identified the heroic pilot as Ahmedou Mohamed Lemine, a 20-year-veteran of the company.

108. <h1>MANAGING NEW JOURNALISM

109. <h2>Extreme project management

112. Risk management programmer designer content editor Why didn’t tell me that the design will include Flash? My PHP code can not embed Flash. The layout cannot tolerate long texts. Either you edit the text content or I have to create a new design. Until the content management system contains so many bugs, I can update the blog once a week only. manager Guys, our project is delayed. What is your problem? Question: How would you prepare for and manage all these risks?

113. Project plan for launching a site Weekly breakdown of all the major tasks to launch a site like www.21stCenturyJournalism.com . In reality the tasks consisted of 1-2 days periods followed by tests, discussions and these often resulted minor changes in all details.

114. <H2>Site marketing

116. Examples of viral marketing The Blair Witch Project is a low-budget American horror film released in 1999. The narrative is presented as a documentary pieced together from amateur footage. The advertisements for the film were designed to reinforce the 'documentary' concept. This was done so extensively that the three main actors were listed for a time as &quot;missing, presumed dead&quot; on IMDb movie catalogue . Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blair_Witch_Project Movie marketing Free e-mail services Users of Yahoo mail participate in marketing the service. When Gmail was first announced, access to the service was limited to those who have an invitation from an existing account holder, from Blogger, or through their mobile phone. Google stated that the invitation system intended to initially reduce the amount of abuse.

117. Example…. (cont.) Hi turilaszlo As I've seen, you are uploading videos on Youtube and sharing them for the public. Very nice! Well... I want you to invite, sharing your clips also on http://www.clipser.com. We went just live a few weeks ago and are now looking for lots and lots of people, uploading their videos on our site to get bigger and make and share our profits with all the people that participate. Are you becoming curious? :) The thing is as easy as watching clips. You will get for every upload, every invite and every watch of your video a few Clipser Dollars which will be transformed in procentual relation of all Clipser Dollars into real currency, once we've built up our audience and have a mentionable cashflow. Check it out now! You'll get all the information about us, about the Clipser Dollars and the reward program on our homepage. regards, FP PS: Feel free to ask and suggest things if you're still curious or you have great ideas! And feel free to tell your friends about us! ;) Viral marketing mail of a startup video sharing company. The e-mail was sent to YouTube users’ inbox. YouTube sent e-mail notification. In fact they promoted their future competitor. Video sharing service

118. Let readers distribute your content On Digg, users share intersting online content by submitting links to the site. Digg audience can promote content by voting. del.icio.us allows users to save their bookmarks online. It also gives users the ability to &quot;tag&quot; their bookmarks and see how many other people have bookmarked the same pages, Reddit allows users to submit news articles. Users may vote on the articles and Reddit uses those votes to find articles to recommend to you. Users of Google's personalized homepage can save bookmarks and label them with keywords. The service is available in many languages. In MyYahoo you can save bookmarks to your personal page, tag and share. Facebook is made up of many networks - individual schools, companies or regions. Users of Facebook can &quot;share&quot; news stories on their profile page. E-mail this The most common form of viral marketing for content. Since it does not require third-party service, there are no language issues. Make your content freely available on the web to attract users to your site. The popular viral marketing services and tools help you to share your content, thus they do the lion’s share of the work instead of you. Source: WashingtonPost.com, MarketingTerms.com RSS – consider it a marketing tool. (See more about RSS feeds earlier.)

120. Intensive: Hidden reserves of newspaper websites Even if editors invest a lot of effort to update news, readers consider most daily paper site as a static one. You should make your continous updates visible to get your readers visit you both in the morning and evenging as well. A reggel 8-as csúcsot kell kihasználni arra, hogy akkor vmi olyasmit mondani, ami miatt később visszajön. És ez egy egyszerű üzenet legyen: gyere vissza délután ezért v. azért – tiszta szituáció legyen: du. interjú lesz. A newspaper website A web-only magazine . Make your site more intesively used Source: Webaudit.hu. The charts show two Hungarian websites . Segment your readers by providing personalized, local information. Pl. Google analytics alapján nézd meg, honnan jönnek a userek: ott hirdess, ahonnan jönnek. Ahol lefele me