Raspberry Pi 5: Challenges and Solutions in Bringing up an OpenGL/Vulkan Driv...
Sandhu_H_Future proofing peri-urban agriculture
1. Future Proofing Peri-urban Agriculture:
Methods to Quantify and Value Ecosystem Services
Dr Harpinder Sandhu
School of the Environment, Flinders University of South Australia
Harpinder.Sandhu@flinders.edu.au
Beyond the Edge: Australia's First Peri-Urban Conference, October 1, 2013
2. Key global issues
• Population increasing
• Food demand will double by 2050
• Loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services
• Climatic variability and change
3. Ecosystem Services
• Nature’s services –
Gretchen Daily, 1997
• Nature article by
Costanza et al. (1997)
US $ 33,000,000,000,000 p.a.
Gross global production:
US $ 18,000,000,000,000 p.a.
6. • 3-4% to the national GDP
• 60% of total area
• 65% of natural resources
• Need to incorporate ES into decision making
The largest industry on the planet
1.3 billion people, $4 trillion in global GDP (6 %)
8. Ecosystem Services in Agricultural Landscapes
Sandhu et al. 2010 Env Sc Policy, Sandhu et al. 2012 Ecol. Econ., Sandhu et al. 2013
9. Relevance of ES to different agricultural industries
Low relevance
Medium relevance
High relevance
August 2010
Sandhu et al. 2012 Ecol. Econ.
10. Monetary value of Ecosystem Services
Inventory and characterize targeted goods and services
Market Values
(i.e., water markets)
Primary Economic
Studies
Value Transfer
Apply values to Site
Depict and interpret results
12. Ecosystem Service Value Calculation
Value of Ecosystem Services ($ ha-1 per year):
n
V ( ES i ) A( LUi ) V ( ES ki )
k 1
Where A(LUi) = Area of land use/cover type (i)
and V(ESki) = Annual value per unit area for ecosystem service type (k)
generated by land use/cover type (i).
13. Economic value from field experimentation
Table 1 - Summary of mean economic value of ecosystem services in organic and
conventional fields.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Ecosystem services
Biological control of Pests
Mineralization of plant nutrients
Soil formation
Food
Raw materials
Carbon accumulation
Nitrogen fixation
Soil fertility
Hydrological flow
Aesthetic
Pollination
Shelterbelts
Total economic value of ES
Non-market value of ES
Economic value in $ ha-1yr-1
Organic fields Conventional fields
50
0
260
142
6
5
3990
3220
22
38
22
20
40
43
68
66
107
54
21
21
62
64
880
200
4600
3680
1480
670
Sandhu et al. 2008 Ecological Economics
15. Putting it all together
Server
Project Website
and
Economic Analysis
User
ArcIMS®
System
Valuation
Database
Project Team
Sharepoint
Collaboration
Data Input
16. Web-based Map Server: Farm Parcels and Field
Research
http://ecovalue.uvm.edu/evp/modules/nz
17. GIS map showing total economic value of ES for arable
land in Canterbury based on conventional farming
Legend
Conventional agriculture
Non-market ES ($US)
0
1 - 100,000
100,001 - 200,000
200,001 - 400,000
400,001 - 600,000
600,001 - 800,000
800,001 - 1,000,000
1,000,001 - 2,000,000
2,000,001 - 3,000,000
3,000,001 - 4,200,000
Sandhu et al. 2008 Ecological Economics
18. Application of ES concept in
peri-urban areas
• To generate better social, environmental and economic
outcomes from peri-urban areas
(integrate land–use planning and NRM planning)
• To guide decision support system
(incorporate ES into planning and decision-making relating
to resource allocation in peri-urban development)
19. Decision making in peri-urban areas
Direct drivers of
ecosystem change
Natural
Biological
Land use
change
Decision Making
Policy Options
Management
Options
Indirect drivers of
ecosystem change
Economic
Social
Political
Cultural
Ecosystem Services
Provisioning services
(food, water, wine )
Regulating services
(clean air, water)
Cultural services
(recreation, aesthetics)
Supporting services
(nutrient cycling, soil
health, pollination)
Urban and Peri-Urban Areas
impacts
dependenc
e
Habitat
Personal safety
Social cohesion
Freedom of choice
Health
Education
Governance
Economic opportunities