1. Final revision 2
Questions with and without
auxiliary
Past Continuous
Present Perfect
The Future
Have to / Don’t have to / Must
First Conditional
Second Conditional
Giving advice

2. QUESTIONS WITH OR WITHOUT
AUXILIARIES
QUESTIONS WITH AN AUXILIARY
QUESTION AUXILIARY SUBJECT INFINITIVE
What music do you listen to?
Who did he go with?
• To make questions in the past and present simple, we normally
use the auxiliary verbs do / does / did + the infinitive.
• The normal order for questions in the present and past is
QUASI.

3. QUESTIONS WITH OR WITHOUT
AUXILIARIES
QUESTIONS WITHOUT AN AUXILIARY
SUBJECT VERB
What happened at the weekend?
Who wrote Romeo and Juliet?
• When the question word (Who, What, Which, How many?) is the
subject of the verb in the question, we do not use an auxiliary (do,
does, did) and the verb is in the third person.

4. PAST CONTINUOUS
 The past continuous
tense is used to
describe an action Subject WAS / -ING
in progress at a WERE FORM
specific moment in I was singing
the past. He
 At six o’clock last She was singing
It
night I was singing
We
in a karaoke bar. You were singing
They

5. Present Perfect Tense
FORM: have / has + past participle
Affirmative: I have seen the film before.
She has seen the film before.
Interrogative: Have you seen the film before?
Has she seen the film before?
Negative: They haven’t seen the film before.
He hasn’t seen the film before.

6. Present Perfect Tense
Uses of the present perfect
1- Recent events: It is used to describe recent events
without a definite time. We use just in positive
sentences to say that something happened very
recently.
Would you like a coffee?
No, thanks. I´ve just had one.

7. Present Perfect Tense
2- Personal experiences: It is used to express
personal experiences, there is not a definite time
given. The time expressions ever and never are very
often used with this meaning
Have you ever been to Japan?
No, I’ve never been there.

8. Present Perfect Tense
3- It is used to express actions which started in the
past and are still continuing in the present, the time
period is not finished.
I have lost my keys.
(And I haven’t found them yet.)

9. Present Perfect + already and yet
 We often use the present perfect tense with
already and yet.
Already: Something happened before now or earlier than
expected
You can use already in positive sentences. Put already before the
main verb.
Yet: Until now.
You can use yet in negative sentences and questions. Yet is
usually at the end.
Example: A) Have you done your homework yet?
B) No, I haven’t done it yet. / Yes, I’ve already done it.

10. Present Perfect + for and since
 To talk about actions and states which started in the past
and are still true now.
- How long have you lived in Granada?
- I’ve lived in Granada since 1990 / for 20 years.
(I live in Granada now.)

11. Present Perfect or Past Simple
We use definite expressions with the Past simple
tense: yesterday, last week, … ago, etc, while we
don’t use definite time expressions with the Present
perfect tense.
 I have been to France three times.
 When did you go there?
I went there last summer.

12. Present Perfect or Past Simple
• Use the present perfect + how long? / for and since to talk about a
period of time from the past until now.
- How long have you been married?
- I´ve been married since 1999 / for 10 years.
(I am still married).
• Use the past simple + how long? / for or from to to talk about a
period of time in the past.
- How long were you married?
- I was married for 3 years / from 1995 to 1998.
(I am divorced now).

13. Present Perfect or Past Simple
Present Perfect or Past Simple?
Rose works in a factory. She ___________ (work) there for six
months. Before that she ___________ (be) a waitress in a
restaurant. She ___________ (work) there for two years but she
___________ (not/enjoy) it very much.
A ___________ (you/ever/been) to Florida?
B Yes, we ___________ (go) there two years ago.
A ___________ (you/have) a good time?
B Yes, it ___________ (be) great.

14. Present Perfect + Superlatives
 We often use a superlative with the
present perfect.
That is the smallest house I have ever seen.
Make sentences as in the example.
• It / noisy pub / I be to
• He / boring person / meet
• It / bad book / I / read

15. THE FUTURE
WILL / WON’T
(BE) GOING TO
PRESENT CONTINUOUS

16.  Predictions
 Promises
 Offers
 Instant decisions

17. Will: Predictions
 You will win the lottery…

18. I will always love you.

19. I will take you sightseeing.
 Shall I open the window?

20.  I’ll have the steak, please
Meat or
fish?
I will have the
steak, please

21.  Predictions
 Decisions that you have planned before:
future plans and intentions

22. (be) going to: predictions
 It is going to rain

23. (be) going to: future plans and
intentions
 She’s going to save money.

24.  Future arrangements
 The sentence usually contains an adverb
which refers to the future

25. I am going to the dentist tomorrow.
18
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26. FIRST CONDITIONAL
1 Use IF + PRESENT SIMPLE ... WILL/WON’T + INF to
talk about a future situation and its consequence.
If he wakes up early, we will go for a walk.
2 You can also use the imperative or can.
If you need my car, take it.
If you miss the bus, you can get a taxi.

27. FIRST CONDITIONAL
Complete the following sentences.
1 I will go to the cinema if I .................... (have) time.
2 If it is foggy this evening, I .................... (stay) at home.
3 .................... (you, come) to a picnic next Sunday if it’s sunny?
4 If the road .................... (be) wet, (watch out).

28. SECOND CONDITIONAL
1 Use IF + PAST SIMPLE ... WOULD/WOULDN’T + INF to
talk about an improbable / impossible or hypothetical
situation and its consequence.
If he woke up early, we would go for a walk.
2 Remember with can, use could + INF:
If I had money, I could go on holiday.
3 With the verb be you can use were (instead of was) after I,
he/she/it:
If he was/were here, he’d help you
If I were you….

29. SECOND CONDITIONAL
Complete the following sentences.
1 If I could go anywhere in the world, ……………..
2 I would be very happy if ……………..
3 I’d buy a house if ……………..
4 If I had more free time ……………..

30. Have to / Don’t have to / Must / Mustn’t
 Use have to + INF to talk about rules and obligations.
She has to get up very early.
 Use don’t have to + INF to say there is no obligation, or
something is not necessary.
You don’t have to work on 11 June.
 Use must + INF to talk about rules and obligations.
You must do your homework.
 Use mustn’t + INF to say something is prohibited.
You mustn’t smoke here.

31. Have to / Don’t have to / Must / Mustn’t
Use must or have to when you say what you think is necessary,
when you give your opinion:
Its a fantastic film. You must see it or You have to see it.
When you are not giving your opinion, use have to (not must):
In many countries, men have to do military service.
(This is not my opinion, it’s the law in those countries.)
Mustn’t and don’t have to have
completely different meanings:
You mustn’t go. = It’s prohibited.
You don’t have to go. = You can come if
you want, but it’s not necessary.

32. Have to / Don’t have to / Must / Mustn’t
 Complete the following sentences with mustn’t or dont have to.
1 Gary gave me a letter to post. I __________ forget to post it.
2 There’s plenty of time. You __________ to decide now.
3 This is a valuable book. You __________ lose it.
4 A What sort of house do you want to buy? Something big?
B Well, it __________ be big - that’s not so important, but it must
have a nice garden.

33. GIVING ADVICE
 Use should / shouldn’t + INF to give somebody advice.
 You can also use ought to / ought not to + INF or If I
were you, I would + INF.
A I’ve got a cold. What should I do?
B You should go to the doctor. / If I were you I’d go to the
doctor.

34. GIVING ADVICE
 Let’s see if you know how to give advice.
1 I´m always late.
2 I don’t have many friends.
3 I eat too much chocolate.
4 I´m late for work and my car broke down.