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A New YOU to Start the Year!
        Fundamentals of personal and hormonal optimization




      Louis B. Cady, MD – CEO & Founder – Cady Wellness Institute
Adjunct Asst. Prof of Psychiatry – IU School of Medicine Department of Psychiatry
    Child, Adolescent, Adult, Functional Neuropsychiatry – Evansville, Indiana

              Presented at Cady Wellness Institute January 15, 2013
“There are two objects of medical education: to heal
the sick and to advance the science.”
- Dr. Charles H. Mayo, MD




                       “The glory of medicine is that it is always moving
                            forward, that there is always more to learn.”
                                                                H -2
                                                  - Dr. William J. Mayo
Purpose of this talk:
• Real-world, clinical application of age
  management concepts
• Avoiding “knee-jerk” reaction for “just being
  depressed.”
• Understanding relevance of thyroid, cortisol
  and several other hormones in mood and
  brain dysfunction
• Review of cost-effective ways of screening
  for hormonal and neurotransmitter
  abnormalities
Differences in life expectancy (2006-
      08) – as a function of age
“F as in Fat – How Obesity Threatens America’s
         Future 2012” – Robert Wood Johnson foundation

  Current
 and future
 IN obesity
   rates:

2011 – 25 %

2030 –
49.5%
(if BMI reduced
5%)

2030 – 56%
                  http://healthyamericans.org/report/100/
S
                 N
             O
        TI
    C
A
                         BODY
D
    IN
         M
The CWI NeuroVitality® Breakthrough – May 2010




    These are the only THREE ways that human
    behavior and performance can be influenced.
CURRENT PRACTICE OF MEDICINE:
What a patient had to say about her “specialists”:




 •“They just monitor
  my degeneration.”
American Journal of Health Promotion;
                 November/December, 2002

                                    66%                19% of those
          18.8%
                            “Incompletely healthy”        surveyed
        completely
                                                             were
         unhealthy,
                                                        completely
          defined as
                                                        healthy with
          having low
                                                       high levels of
       levels of health
                                                       both physical
           with high        Two-thirds of the adults     and mental
           levels of            reported some           health and a
            illness.         degree of mental
                                                         low level of
                                 or physical
                            illness that kept them
                                                           illness.
                             from being completely
                                    healthy.
                            “Incompletely healthy.”
DEAD




                          HEALTH continuum




                                                                    O
How to get the MOST out of this presentation:
My bias: whatever works for the
patient; whatever it takes.
Topics:
•   Thyroid
•   Cortisol
•   DHEA
•   Estradiol/Progesterone
•   Testosterone
•   Lab techniques: saliva or blood?
•   Weight loss – last (can’t lose it without
    hormones optimized)
SOURCE LabCorp testing manual – THYROID section
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGISTS
      MEDICAL GUIDELINES FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE
       FOR THE EVALUATION AND TREATMENT OF
        HYPERTHYROIDISM AND HYPOTHYROIDISM
                                  AACE Thyroid Task Force
                                             Chairman
                                   H. Jack Baskin, MD, MACE
                                      Committee Members
                                  Rhoda H. Cobin, MD, FACE
                                  Daniel S. Duick, MD, FACE
                                  Hossein Gharib, MD, FACE
                                 Richard B. Guttler, MD, FACE
                                 Michael M. Kaplan, MD, FACE
                                  Robert L. Segal, MD, FACE
                                               Reviewers
                                   Jeffrey R. Garber, MD, FACE
                               Carlos R. Hamilton, Jr., MD, FACE
                             Yehuda Handelsman, MD, FACP, FACE
                               Richard Hellman, MD, FACP, FACE
                                John S. Kukora, MD, FACS, FACE
                                       Philip Levy, MD, FACE
                                Pasquale J. Palumbo, MD, MACE
                                 Steven M. Petak, MD, JD, FACE
                              Herbert I. Rettinger, MD, MBA, FACE
                                  Helena W. Rodbard, MD, FACE
                       F. John Service, MD, PhD, FACE, FACP, FRCPC
                                   Talla P. Shankar, MD, FACE
                                   Sheldon S. Stoffer, MD, FACE
                            John B. Tourtelot, MD, FACE, CDR, USN



                                2006 AMENDED VERSION
    This amended version reflects a clarification to specify pertechnetate as the
                              compound attached to 99mTc.




                                   ENDOCRINE PRACTICE V ol 8 No. 6 November/December 2002 457
• “Thyrotropin (Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone or
  TSH). Measuring TSH is the most sensitive
  indicator of hypothyroidism.” (hunh?!) –
  accessed 9/5/2011
• “…blood tests for measuring levels of
  TSH and free thyroxine (T4) are the only
  definitive way to diagnose
  hypothyroidism” – 10/6/2012
             http://www.umm.edu/patiented/articles/how_serious_hypothyroi
FEEDBACK
                                      INHIBITION

Selenium                 CORTISOL
required!



 “the foot soldier” “the evil twin”
% Mineral depletion from the soil
during the past 100 years, by continent


           North America             85%
           South America             76%
           Asia                      76%
           Africa                    74%
           Europe                    72%
           Australia                 55%
           Source: UN Earth Summit Report 1992
SELENIUM DEFICIENCY in FASEB:

                             • “Adaptive dysfunction of
                               selenoproteins from the
                               perspective of the ‘triage’
                               theory: why modest
                               selenium deficiency
                               may increase risk
                               of diseases of
                               aging.”
Foundation of American        McCann, J, Ames BM. FASEB J.
Societies for Experimental    2011 Jun;25(6):1793-814.
Biology
(permission granted to use photos & data)
(permission granted to use photos & data)
•   Early 20’s college student
•   Weight gain, fatigue, brain fog
•   Saw “numerous” MD’s asking for help
•   Told “nothing is wrong with your thyroid;
    your labs are fine.”




        (permission granted to use photos & data)
(permission granted to use photos & data)
Useful Target Symptoms in
             Major Depression
  ♦   Depressed mood 100%
  ♦   Reduced energy: 97%3
  ♦   Fatigue or loss of energy: 94%2
  ♦   Impaired concentration: 84%3
  ♦   Tiredness: 73%1
  ♦   Hypersomnia: 10%–16%4 (Insomnia)
1. Tylee et al. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 1999;14:139-151. 2. Maurice-Tison et al. Br J Gen
Pract 1998;48:1245-1246. 3. Baker et al. Comp Psychiatry 1971;12:354-65. 4. Horwath et
al. J Affect Disord 1992;26:117-25. 5. Reynolds and Kupfer. Sleep 1987;10:199-215.
Modern Medicine’s Paradigm:
Two Standard Deviations – “if you are not
     sick, then you must be well.”

                               “NORMAL”


                             OPTIMAL?

                                OPTIMAL
Definition of “normal labs”:
            “When your lab
            values are as
            crappy as
            everyone else’s.”
                       - Neal Rouzier,
            MD (World Link Medical Seminar II
                               – Spring 2011)
“Conventional practice”           “Age management”
No fuel additives should be      There are fuel additives we
used. They are unnatural. Gas    can use to keep our cars
is all that is required.         burning cleaner and preserve
                                 engines.

The quality of the gas is        We should use optimal
irrelevant. Anything that the    quality of gas. Cheap gas
motor will burn is adequate.     causes “pinging” which is
                                 hard on the engine.

Preventive maintenance? This     We should take our car in for
is silly! Wait until something   preventive maintenance
breaks, then have the car        before anything breaks.
towed in so the mechanic can     (THAT way, maybe it will last
really tell what is wrong.       a long time!!!)
Average (normal) or optimal?
• Would you like an normal wife (husband) or
  an optimal one?
• Would you like a “normal” marriage or an
  exciting and optimal one?
• Would you like a “normal” sex life or would
  you like to feel like optimal (!!) stimulating
  one?
• Would you like “normal” labs or
  OPTIMAL ones?
Yet TSH is the only thing that gets
       checked by your doctor????
Serum concentrations of Free T3, Free T4, morning cortisol,
afternoon cortisol and change in cortisol concentrations.
Adjustments for: age, sex, body mass index, hypertension, previous
MI, heart failure, diabetes, NY Heart Assn. functional class,
depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms.

Lower Free T3 =             more physical fatigue
Lower Free T4 =             more exertional fatigue
Lower morning cortisol and change in cortisol concentration = more
mental fatigue.
Treatment resistant depression is a common challenge.

Best augmenting strategies available:
-Lithium
-Thyroid hormone
-Anti-anxiety medications
-Atypical antipsychotics.
LEVEL III RESULTS:
  Per HDRS – 17, remission in:
         15.9% on Li
         24.7% on T3
  Per QIDS-SR16, remission in:
         13.2% on Li
         24.7% for T3 *




* Fava & Covino: Augmentation/Combination Therapy in STAR*D Trial,
Medscape Psychiatry
63 patients with “subclinical hypothyroidism”
HAM-D and MADRS scales with serum TSH Free T4, free T3
TPO AB and Tg-AB levels
   Prevalence of depressive symptoms in this
            population was 63.5%
 “This study suggests the importance of a psychiatric
 evaluation in patients affected by subclinical
 hypothyroidism.”         Hunh?
Aim: Evaluate relationship of subclinical hypothyroidism and
cognition in the elderly.
- 337 outpatients; {177 = men; 160 = women}
MMSE scores were SIGNIFICANTLY lower in
subclinical hypothyroid patients compared to
euthyroid (p<0.03)
“Patients with subclinical hypothyroidism had a
probability about 2 times greater (RR = 2.028, p<0.05) of
developing cognitive impairment.”
The Glamorous Grandmother
• 4/8/11 – 80 yo returned to practice. No real
  complaints. History of depression. On des-
  methylvenlafaxine.
   – Daughter “handling her finances”
• 5/2/11 – “doing terrible.”
   –   TSH 3.84, Free T3 2.8 – on 50 MICROgrams T4
   –   Fasting BS 120; HgBA1C 6.5%
   –   Fasting insulin 36 (!!!) {3 – 25}
   –   Progesterone – 0.2 {0.2 – 1.4 follicular}
   –   Total testosterone 11
   –   DHEA-S = 25 MICROgrams/dL (!!)
        • Age adjusted {10 – 90} . Optimal = {c. 350-500}
        • Rouzier = {300 –females, 600 males}
G.G. - interventions 5/2/11 & Follow-up
• Interventions:
  – DHEA – 25 mg SR q a.m.
  – Progesterone 50 mg then 100 mg HS,
    transdermal.
  – Testosterone – 2 mg for one week, then 4 mg
    transdermal
  – Referred to better MD for intervention with
    AODM.
• 6/13/2011 – improvement in fatigue. Labs
  rechecked.
• 7/11/2011 – “feeling wonderful”
G.G. – labs before and after
               4/11/11   interventions 7/11/11    changes

TSH            3.84      Raise T4 from 0.01 (L)   none
                         50 – 75 ug


FT4            1.16      “             1.24       “

FT3            2.8       “             3.3        “

Progesterone   <0.2      100mg topical 0.9        None
                         HS


Testosterone   11        4mg topical   15         4 mg LABIAL


DHEA-S         25        25 mg SR      n/a        continue
24 post-menopausal women with intact uterus. Neuropsych
testing. No hormone therapy used in the past. Recruited by
newspaper ads.
Randomized to CEE + PL, CEE + MPA, CEE +
MP (Micronized progesterone)
Mood improved in all groups.
CEE + MP performed significantly better on a test of
working memory than the other two groups.
Medroxyprogesterone in women and rats
• MPA – used in hormone therapy and as
  DepoProvera, is implicated in
  detrimental cognitive effects in women.
• In ovariectomized rodents – MPA
  impairs cognition and alters the GABA-
  ergic system.
• Findings suggest that MPA treatment
  leads to LONG-LASTING cognitive
  impairments in the rodent, even in the
  absence of ongoing circulating MPA

         Braden BS, et al. Cognitive-impairing effects of medroxyprogesterone
              acetate in the rat: independent and interactive effects across time.
     Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2011 Nov;218(2):405-18. Epub 2011 May 12.
Conclusions regarding thyroid

• It’s not just about eyebrows (or reflexes)
• Low or subclinical hypothyroidism
  associated with:
  – Depression
  – More exertional and mental fatigue
  – Higher risk of suicide
  • Poorer cognition
  • 2 x likelier to have cognitive impairment.
The state of adrenal exhaustion can
             be determined
• 53 year old male
  executive
• Partner in four
  businesses.
• “The last year or
  so, I’m more
  tired… don’t have
  the energy… I’m
  having more
  trouble getting out
  of bed in the
  morning.”
Relevant hormone markers by salivary &
              conventional testing
• DHEA              120.12 pg/ml (L)   {137 – 336}
• Testosterone      59.06 pg/ml        {30.1 – 142.5,
  males, not on tx}



•   TSH            1.20 uIU/ml         {0.40 – 4.50
•   Free T4        1.7 mg/ml           {0.8 – 1.8}
•   Free T3        303 pg/ml           {230 – 420}
•   Reverse T3     44 (H!) ng/dL       {11 – 32}
DHEA – the critical hormone most
  conventional doctors never check
• Produced in the adrenal cortex
  – Humans and primates are unique in secreting large
    amounts – “the most abundant steroid hormone in the
    human body.” (Maninger et al. Front. Neuroendocrinol. 2009 Jan;
    30(1):65-91.)

• Immune system booster; Insulin regulator
• Energy increase – remarkable
• Boosts growth hormone
  – 20% in men; 30% in women in one study
     • [Yen, Morales Khorram – one year double-blind placebo
       controlled crossover experiment – with 100mg DHEA]
• Antidepressant effects
349 citations on “DHEA with energy” – as of
                 of 10/3/2012
DHEA – other interesting points
• No nuclear receptor for DHEA or DHEA-S ever found;
  mechanisms of action are not fully understood
• Some actions may be through conversion into more potent
  sex steroids (and activation of androgen or estrogen
  receptors in tissue).
• Stimulate neural growth (from animal studies)
   – DHEA – increases axon length
   – DHEA-S – stimulated dendrite growth.
• DHEA-S promoted survival of adult human cortical brain
  tissue in vitro.
   – DHEA increased neurogenesis in addition to neuronal
      survival

Manninger, N et al. Neurobiological & neuropsychiatric effects of DHEA and DHEA
DHEA has been correlated with lower susceptibility to anxiety
and mood disturbance.
Behavioral task – series of anagram puzzles
from possible to IMPOSSIBLE.
Other indices: ACT scores, # of college classes dropped
or failed, current GPA
Higher DHEA: cortisol ratio associated with
“lowest probability of failing the task.”
91 students ½ male, ½ female – taking Organic
Chemistry in the USA.
Displacement activities (DA’s) screened for by video
recording during tests.
A logistical model built on GPA, DA’s, and
salivary hormone levels of cortisol and
DHEA correctly predicted 90% of the
students who passed the class.
Treatment for the Stressed Executive
• Empirically started at ¼ grain Armour with
  increase to ½ grain at first appt (based on
  previous thyroid tests)
  – This was continued at next appt per labs.
• Start on DHEA 25 mg extended release tablets,
  then increase to 2– 3 tablets as needed and as
  tolerated. (Ultimately increased to 100 mg SR per
  day)
• High potency mulivitamin with high dose B, C,
  minerals.
Five month follow-up
• “I think all the stuff is working. My energy
  level is good. If there’s anything lingering –
  it’s just stress from work stuff. I actually feel
  pretty good.”

• “0 – 10 energy scale” probe:
  – 24 – 25 yoa – maximum energy “10”
  – July 2011 (before labs and interventions) – “4”
  – October 2011 – “5 – 6”
  – January 2012 – “8”
July 2011   Nov 2011         Dec 29, 2012

Interventions                    100 mg DHEA SR   100 mg DHEA SR
                                 ½ grain Armour   ½ grain Armour
                                                  1 pump T to each
                                                  inner thigh

TSH                  1.2         0.86             0.93

Free T4              1.7         1.5              1.3

Free T3              303         373              361

Rev T3               44 (H)      57 (H)           39 (H)

DHEA-S               128         472 (“H”)        306 (“H”)

IGF-1                81          106              120

Total testosterone   820         913              969

Free Testosterone    87.7        131.5            100.8
Saliva or blood?
• Saliva:                                      • Blood testing:
   – 4 cortisols give rhythm, plus:               – More published literature
       • Average x 4 of:                            targeting specific blood levels of
            – DHEA, testosterone, estradiol,        sex hormones and DHEA (S)
              and progesterone
                                                  – More predictable dosing of
   – Much easier to obtain
                                                    hormones with assiduous blood
   – Early a.m. cortisol arguably                   monitoring.
     more accurate.
   – 4 lab values in a day averaged
                                    • Downsides:
     arguably more accurate
                                       – woefully skewed a.m. cortisol
   – Cheaper if cash pay
                                       – Less likely to get 4 cortisols
   – Perfectly acceptable as a
     screening tool.
                                       – No averaging of four specimens
                                         of other hormones.
   Downside: Apparent “disconnect”
     between post-treatment levels
     and salivary measurements
One destigmatizing notion:
            Estrogen as MAOI
• Estrogen & Testosterone (!) decrease
  monoamine oxidase (MAO)
  – Luin, VN. Effect of gonadal steroids on
    activities of MAO and choline acetylase
    in rat brain. Brain Res. 1975;86:273-306
• Platelet MAO levels inversely
  correlated to estradiol levels
  – Klaiber EL et al. Psychoneuroendo-
    crinology. 1997 Oct;22(7):549-58.
• Estrogen decreases MAO-A & MAO-B
  – Holschneider DP et al. Life Sci. 1998;63(3):155-60
What if we could just look at neurotransmitters as
 well as homones like they would on Star Trek ?




                                Cell rate 
Low estrogen, DHEA, cortisol, and low NT’s – putting it all together
       52 yo woman, s/p TAH with fatigue and depression
Hormone          Value          norms
Cortisols        All barely     various
                 above
                 pathological
DHEA             47.66          {106-300}
Estradiol (E2)   <1.00          {1.0 – 3.2 =
                                post
                                menopausal}
Testosterone     8.44           {6.1 – 49 –
                                female}
Estrogen: Good For Your Brain
• Estradiol influences performances of learning and
  memory tasks as well as increase working memory
  – Sub-point – women are living three decades longer;
    hence they are spending more time hypoestrogenic
  – Pompilli A et al. Estrogens and memory in physiological and
    neuropathological conditions. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2012
    Sept; 37 (9):1379-96


• Estradiol = protective against schizophrenia.
  – Kulkarni J, et al. Hormones and Schizophrenia. Curr Opin
    Psychiatry. 2012 Mar;25(2):89-95
Traditional vs.
          Bio-identical “HRT”:

• Synthetic means that the molecule is not
 natural to the human body.

• Bio-identical hormone is one whose
 molecule is identical to that made by a
 human organ.


                                       SV2003- 57
Women’s Health Initiative Study
• Flawed study - it was designed as a
  “Premarin & Provera” study, not a
  bioidentical estrogen study.
• Premarin is a non-bio-identical
  substance
• Provera is a non-bio-identical
  substance
• Premarin is an equine derived array
  of 30+ female horse hormones.
 SV2003- 58
Women’s Health Initiative
                 Study
• The results presented did not justify
  their overall broad conclusion:
     –    “Premarin & Provera yielded these
         findings; therefore, Hormone
         Replacement Therapy is not
         appropriate for women.”

SV2003- 59
Women’s Health Initiative Study
THE PARTICIPANTS:
• 2/3 of the women in the study were older
  than sixty
• Of these women, most were first-time users
  of HRT.
• Had already experienced cessation of
  endogenous hormone production (for a
  DECADE!!!), therefore, at risk for:
  – Heart attacks, strokes, clots, cancer
 SV2003- 60
Women’s Health Initiative Study
    Facts You Should Know
• In the first 1-3 years there was a higher
  incidence of M.I.’s.
• Patients who stayed on that program
  beyond the 8th year started to actually
  outperform women on placebo.
• WHY????

 SV2003- 61
Women’s Health Initiative Study
     Facts You Should Know
• When the W.H.I. Study was
  organized, the subjects were not
  prescreened for heart disease.

• Without prescreening, a group of
  women was included with pre-
  existing heart disease.
•
SV2003- 62
Hx of Baseline Health Characteristics
   (total # of participants 16,608)
Disease               HRT      Placebo
Hypertension          37% 3039      2949
High Cholesterol      11% 944        962
Myocardial Infarction 2% 139         157
Angina                     288       234
Stroke                      61        77
Embolism                    79        62
Family Breast Cancer      1286      1175
Diabetes                   374       360
Fracture                  1031      1029
Traditional vs.
             Bio-identical “HRT”:
• Premarin raises C-reactive protein
  significantly.
• CRP is an inflammation marker.
• Inflammation is either the root
  cause (e.g., rupturing plaque), or a
  strongly contributing cause, of both
  Cancer & Heart Disease.
SV2003- 64
Testosterone: The “sexist” bias against women
  (e.g., “your loss of sex drive is just natural for
                     your age.”)
• Fall in the circulating testosterone and the adrenal
  preandrogens most closely parallel increasing
  age.
• Accelerated decrease occurs in the years
  preceding menopause (like estrogen).
• Their loss affects: libido, vasomotor symptoms
  (hot flashes), mood, well-being, bone structure,
  and muscle mass.
   – Burd, Bachmann. Androgen replacement in
     menopause. Curr Womens Health Rep. 2001 Dec;
     1(3):202-5.
Estrogen-related mood disorders –
  reproductive life cycle factors.
    Douma SL et al. Adv. Nursing Sci. 2005. 28 (4):364-375

• “Clinical recovery from depression
  postpartum, perimenopause, and
  postmenopause through
  restoration of stable/optimal
  levels of estrogen has been
  noted.”
The Case of the Crying Cleaner
                                    • 1/11/12 - Symptoms:
                                      – Crying/depressed = on
                                        Citalopram
                                      – Hot flashes
                                      – Night sweats
                                    • RX:
                                      – Estradiol – 2 mg @HS
                                      – Prometrium – 100 mg
                                        @HS
                                      – (continue citalopram)
                                    • 1/15/12 – RESOLVED
                                    • In 4 days!
Photo & data used with permission
Testosterone (Men)
      • Decline in male sex steroids not as
        abrupt as menopause, but equally
        debilitating
         –Between 40 – 70, average male
          loses:
            • Nearly 2" of height
            • 15% of bone density
            • 10 – 20 pounds of muscle
      • At 70 yoa, 15% completely
        impotent
Observational study of randomly selected men –
Boston
3 cohorts of men: 1987-1989; 1995-1997; 2002
-2004.
1374, 906, and 489 men, respectively.
“Age independent decline in T that does not appear to
be attributable to observed changes in explanatory
factors, including lifestyle characteristics such as
smoking and obesity.”
“Recent years have seen a SUBSTANTIAL, and as
yet UNRECOGNIZED age-independent population-
            November 2009
level decrease in T in American men.”
                “Alpha Male” issue
Travison, Araujo, et al. Jrnl of Clin. Endocrinol & Metabol 92:1; 196-202.
Fast food (low Zn) is bad for you.



• Fast food = high energy density = low essential
  micronutrient density, ESPECIALLY ZINC
• Antioxidant processes are dependent on Zinc
• Fast food = severe decrease in antioxidant
  vitamins and zinc, correlating with
  inflammation in testicular tissue – with
  underdevelopment of testicular tissue and
  decreased testosterone levels
T vs Cognitive Function




     Rosario ER. Age-related testosterone depletion and the
development of Alzhiemer disease. JAMA. 292(2004):1431-2
T vs. Cognitive Function
• 400 independently living men, 40-80yo
  – 100 in each age decade
  – MMSE 21-30, average 28
  – TT: 208-1141ng/dL; Bio-avail T 78-470ng/dL
• HIGHER T = better cognitive performance in
  OLDEST AGE category
• Men with lowest 1/5 T = worse than men with
  highest 1/5 T
• Highest Bio-available T more significant
  than TT, age, intelligence level, mood,
  smoking, and alcohol.
         Muller M, et al. Neurology. 2005 Mar;64(5): 866-71
T vs. Mood in men
• Study: 278 men, >45yo, followed 2 years
• Compared to eugonadal patients,
  hypogonadal men w/TT <200ng/dL had
  – 4-fold increase risk of depression
  – Significantly shorter time to depression
    diagnosis
• Depression risk inversely related to TT
  w/statistical significance <280ng/dL
          Shores MM, Arch Gen Psychiatry. 61(2004):162-7
Testosterone appears to be good for
               guys.
• Serum T, DHT and E(2) displayed no
  decrease associated with age among men
  over 40 years of age who self-report very
  good or excellent health
  – Sartorius G, et al. Serum testosterone, dihydrotestosterone and
    estradiol concentrations in older men self-reporting very good
    health: the healthy man study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2012 Nov;
    77(5):755-63
T vs. Heart Disease
• Men with CAD have significantly LOWER
  levels of androgens than normal controls.
  –    English, KM et al. Men with coronary artery disease have lower
      levels of androgens than men with normal coronary angiograms.
      Eur Heart J. 2000 June; 21(11):890-4.


• “There is early evidence from non-randomized
  studies that physiological testosterone
  replacement is extremely safe and may reduce
  cardiovascular mortality.”
  – Hackett G. Testosterone and the heart. Int J Clin Pract. 2012
    July;66(7):648-55.
Relevance of testosterone (and DHEA
              + Thyroid)
                                                    (photo shot 15
                                                    months after tx)




RX: dairy free diet (+IgG test); D3 5000 IU/d; Armour thyroid,
Testosterone cypionate 100 mg IM q wk, MVI, Zinc, DHEA 50 mg
SR, CoQ10 400mg             (permission granted to use photos & data)
Testosterone appears to be seriously
        good for guys’ brains
• “Results from cell culture and animal studies provide
  convincing evidence that testosterone could have
  protective effects on brain function.”
• “Testosterone levels are lower in Alzheimer’s cases
  compared to controls, and some studies have suggested
  that low free testosterone (FT) may precede AD onset.”
• “Positive associations have been found between
  testosterone levels and global cognition, memory,
  executive functions and spatial performance in
  observational studies.”
       Holland J, et al. Testosterone levels and cognition in elderly
              men: a review. Maturitas. 2011 Aug; 69(4):322-37.
Testosterone and “Prostate Cancer risk”
• Prostate CA found 2.15 & 2.26 times more
  likely in lowest compared to highest tertile
  of total and free testosterone
• “. . . there are several papers showing a
  relationship between LOW testosterone
  and prostate cancer. Specifically, low
  testosterone has been associated with
  high-grade tumors, advanced stage of
  presentation, and worse prognosis.”
                     Morgentaler A. Eur Urol. 50(2006):935-9
                     Morgentaler A. Urology. 68(2006):1263-7
Benefits (and minimal risk) of testosterone –
              J Sex Med Sep 2012
Risks of Low T:         Risks of TX:
•Reduced longevity      •“There is no compelling evidence
•Fatal Cardiovascular events Testosterone therapy causes
                        that
•Obesity                prostate cancer or its progression in
                        men.”
•Sarcopenia
•Mobility limits
                        Conclusions: men with sexual
•Osteoporosis           dysfunction, visceral obesity, and
•Frailty                metabolic diseases should be
•Cognitive impairment screened for testosterone
                        deficiency and treated. Young men
•Depression             with TD should also be treated.
•Sleep Apnea Syndrome Buvat J et al. Testosterone deficiency in men:
                             Systematic Review. J Sex Med. 2012 Sep 12
The Case of the Mismanaged
         Executive - summary
• 42 year old male ADHD CEO. Background in psychology.
  Now EXTREMELY stressed.
• “So tired I feel like I’m dying.” “Depressed.”
• Lab findings – low testosterone, despite multiple pumps
  daily of low potency FDA-approved “BigPharma”
  transdermal testosterone gel managed by endocrinologist
• Low thyroid. Low DHEA.
• RX: Testosterone cypionate IM – 60 mg twice weekly.
  DHEA – 50 mg SR. Armour thyroid – ½ grain.

• Clinical status: total resolution of symptoms in 3- 4 weeks.
  No antidepressant used.
Current stats on obesity
         National Center for Health Statistics
How do you lose it?
The Doc Cady “Candy Bar a Day”
     Weight Loss Program
• 1 lb. of fat = 3,500 kcal (“calories”)
• 3,500 / 7 = 500 calories per day
   – You need to not eat’em, or burn’em
      • Starving yourself slows your metabolism down, and you
        lose muscle mass
   – Therefore: reduce 250 calories; burn 250 calories
• 250 calories = no candy bar, or “NO” to 1 & ½
  Cokes
• 250 calories = ½ - ¾ hour on treadmill
• NET = 500 calories per day, or 1 lb. lost per
  week
One problem…
• It doesn’t work!

• TBL: It’s the
  INSULIN
  RESPONSE

• RX: EAT LESS
  CARBS AND
  SUGAR!!!
Glycemic index

• A measure of how fast a
  carbohydrate triggers a rise in
  circulating blood sugar.
• The higher the number, the greater
  the blood sugar response.
The Old FDA Food pyramid – R.I.P 2005
W. Wheat      Rice     Big Mac,       Ice cream;
Toast, OJ,   cakes,   Fries, Shake   Coke & chips
 coffee      coffee




                                                    H - 89
Benefits of low-glycemic eating




                              H - 90
The horrifying facts about the foods you eat!

         (food)                      (glycemic index)
         Glucose                     100
         Table sugar (sucrose)       64
         Tofutti                     115
         French bread                95
         Instant rice                90
         Baked potato                85
         Rice cakes!!/ (jelly beans) 77!! / (80)
         Cheerios                    74
         Spaghetti, white            41
         Spaghetti, protein          27                 H - 91
         enriched
“It’s really not that
So what the heck am I      complicated!”
supposed to do with this
stuff?
Behaviors/status       Interventions

stress          Job/life stress        Meditation, spiritual practice, T’ai chi,
                                       Qigong, make needed life changes
Abnormal        Presumptively low or   Get levels – saliva or blood (pre-treatment)
hormones        unknown                Check Neurotransmitters (urine ELISA)
                                       Thyroid

                                       DHEA

Interventions                          Optimize/support cortisol

                                       Testosterone, Estradiol & Progesterone

                                       Growth hormone?

                                       Amino acid precursor loading for NT’s?

                                       Prescriptive agents – e.g., anti-
                                       depressants, neurostimulants, etc.
Upcoming lectures!




Dr. Louis B. Cady, MD – Founder, CEO – Cady Wellness Institute
& Dr. W. Whitney Gabhart, Naturopathic Doctor
How obvious does it have to be?
LET’S START CHECKING THOSE LEVELS!




                    Ron Hunt lost an eye but suffered
                    no brain damage after a freak
                    accident with a large drill bit.
                    (ABCNEWS.com)
“Sit down before fact as
a little child,
be prepared to give up
every preconceived
notion,
follow humbly wherever
… nature leads,
 or you shall learn
nothing.”
- Thomas H. Huxley
Contact information:
                                      Louis B. Cady, M.D.
                                         www.cadywellness.com
Once more….                     www.facebook.com/cadywellness
Where to “get the slides” -
                              www.indianaTMS-cadywellness.com
www.slideshare.net/lcadymd                       Office: 812-429-0772
                                     E-mail: lcady@cadywellness.com
                                        4727 Rosebud Lane – Suite F
                                                 Interstate Office Park
                                        Newburgh, IN 47630 (USA)

                                                    @LouisCadyMD
                                                   @TMS4depression

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New YOU in 2013

  • 1. A New YOU to Start the Year! Fundamentals of personal and hormonal optimization Louis B. Cady, MD – CEO & Founder – Cady Wellness Institute Adjunct Asst. Prof of Psychiatry – IU School of Medicine Department of Psychiatry Child, Adolescent, Adult, Functional Neuropsychiatry – Evansville, Indiana Presented at Cady Wellness Institute January 15, 2013
  • 2. “There are two objects of medical education: to heal the sick and to advance the science.” - Dr. Charles H. Mayo, MD “The glory of medicine is that it is always moving forward, that there is always more to learn.” H -2 - Dr. William J. Mayo
  • 3. Purpose of this talk: • Real-world, clinical application of age management concepts • Avoiding “knee-jerk” reaction for “just being depressed.” • Understanding relevance of thyroid, cortisol and several other hormones in mood and brain dysfunction • Review of cost-effective ways of screening for hormonal and neurotransmitter abnormalities
  • 4. Differences in life expectancy (2006- 08) – as a function of age
  • 5. “F as in Fat – How Obesity Threatens America’s Future 2012” – Robert Wood Johnson foundation Current and future IN obesity rates: 2011 – 25 % 2030 – 49.5% (if BMI reduced 5%) 2030 – 56% http://healthyamericans.org/report/100/
  • 6. S N O TI C A BODY D IN M
  • 7. The CWI NeuroVitality® Breakthrough – May 2010 These are the only THREE ways that human behavior and performance can be influenced.
  • 8. CURRENT PRACTICE OF MEDICINE: What a patient had to say about her “specialists”: •“They just monitor my degeneration.”
  • 9.
  • 10. American Journal of Health Promotion; November/December, 2002 66% 19% of those 18.8% “Incompletely healthy” surveyed completely were unhealthy, completely defined as healthy with having low high levels of levels of health both physical with high Two-thirds of the adults and mental levels of reported some health and a illness. degree of mental low level of or physical illness that kept them illness. from being completely healthy. “Incompletely healthy.” DEAD HEALTH continuum O
  • 11. How to get the MOST out of this presentation:
  • 12. My bias: whatever works for the patient; whatever it takes.
  • 13. Topics: • Thyroid • Cortisol • DHEA • Estradiol/Progesterone • Testosterone • Lab techniques: saliva or blood? • Weight loss – last (can’t lose it without hormones optimized)
  • 14. SOURCE LabCorp testing manual – THYROID section
  • 15. AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGISTS MEDICAL GUIDELINES FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE FOR THE EVALUATION AND TREATMENT OF HYPERTHYROIDISM AND HYPOTHYROIDISM AACE Thyroid Task Force Chairman H. Jack Baskin, MD, MACE Committee Members Rhoda H. Cobin, MD, FACE Daniel S. Duick, MD, FACE Hossein Gharib, MD, FACE Richard B. Guttler, MD, FACE Michael M. Kaplan, MD, FACE Robert L. Segal, MD, FACE Reviewers Jeffrey R. Garber, MD, FACE Carlos R. Hamilton, Jr., MD, FACE Yehuda Handelsman, MD, FACP, FACE Richard Hellman, MD, FACP, FACE John S. Kukora, MD, FACS, FACE Philip Levy, MD, FACE Pasquale J. Palumbo, MD, MACE Steven M. Petak, MD, JD, FACE Herbert I. Rettinger, MD, MBA, FACE Helena W. Rodbard, MD, FACE F. John Service, MD, PhD, FACE, FACP, FRCPC Talla P. Shankar, MD, FACE Sheldon S. Stoffer, MD, FACE John B. Tourtelot, MD, FACE, CDR, USN 2006 AMENDED VERSION This amended version reflects a clarification to specify pertechnetate as the compound attached to 99mTc. ENDOCRINE PRACTICE V ol 8 No. 6 November/December 2002 457
  • 16.
  • 17. • “Thyrotropin (Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone or TSH). Measuring TSH is the most sensitive indicator of hypothyroidism.” (hunh?!) – accessed 9/5/2011 • “…blood tests for measuring levels of TSH and free thyroxine (T4) are the only definitive way to diagnose hypothyroidism” – 10/6/2012 http://www.umm.edu/patiented/articles/how_serious_hypothyroi
  • 18. FEEDBACK INHIBITION Selenium CORTISOL required! “the foot soldier” “the evil twin”
  • 19. % Mineral depletion from the soil during the past 100 years, by continent North America 85% South America 76% Asia 76% Africa 74% Europe 72% Australia 55% Source: UN Earth Summit Report 1992
  • 20. SELENIUM DEFICIENCY in FASEB: • “Adaptive dysfunction of selenoproteins from the perspective of the ‘triage’ theory: why modest selenium deficiency may increase risk of diseases of aging.” Foundation of American McCann, J, Ames BM. FASEB J. Societies for Experimental 2011 Jun;25(6):1793-814. Biology
  • 21. (permission granted to use photos & data)
  • 22. (permission granted to use photos & data)
  • 23. Early 20’s college student • Weight gain, fatigue, brain fog • Saw “numerous” MD’s asking for help • Told “nothing is wrong with your thyroid; your labs are fine.” (permission granted to use photos & data)
  • 24. (permission granted to use photos & data)
  • 25. Useful Target Symptoms in Major Depression ♦ Depressed mood 100% ♦ Reduced energy: 97%3 ♦ Fatigue or loss of energy: 94%2 ♦ Impaired concentration: 84%3 ♦ Tiredness: 73%1 ♦ Hypersomnia: 10%–16%4 (Insomnia) 1. Tylee et al. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 1999;14:139-151. 2. Maurice-Tison et al. Br J Gen Pract 1998;48:1245-1246. 3. Baker et al. Comp Psychiatry 1971;12:354-65. 4. Horwath et al. J Affect Disord 1992;26:117-25. 5. Reynolds and Kupfer. Sleep 1987;10:199-215.
  • 26. Modern Medicine’s Paradigm: Two Standard Deviations – “if you are not sick, then you must be well.” “NORMAL” OPTIMAL? OPTIMAL
  • 27. Definition of “normal labs”: “When your lab values are as crappy as everyone else’s.” - Neal Rouzier, MD (World Link Medical Seminar II – Spring 2011)
  • 28.
  • 29. “Conventional practice” “Age management” No fuel additives should be There are fuel additives we used. They are unnatural. Gas can use to keep our cars is all that is required. burning cleaner and preserve engines. The quality of the gas is We should use optimal irrelevant. Anything that the quality of gas. Cheap gas motor will burn is adequate. causes “pinging” which is hard on the engine. Preventive maintenance? This We should take our car in for is silly! Wait until something preventive maintenance breaks, then have the car before anything breaks. towed in so the mechanic can (THAT way, maybe it will last really tell what is wrong. a long time!!!)
  • 30. Average (normal) or optimal? • Would you like an normal wife (husband) or an optimal one? • Would you like a “normal” marriage or an exciting and optimal one? • Would you like a “normal” sex life or would you like to feel like optimal (!!) stimulating one? • Would you like “normal” labs or OPTIMAL ones?
  • 31. Yet TSH is the only thing that gets checked by your doctor???? Serum concentrations of Free T3, Free T4, morning cortisol, afternoon cortisol and change in cortisol concentrations. Adjustments for: age, sex, body mass index, hypertension, previous MI, heart failure, diabetes, NY Heart Assn. functional class, depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms. Lower Free T3 = more physical fatigue Lower Free T4 = more exertional fatigue Lower morning cortisol and change in cortisol concentration = more mental fatigue.
  • 32. Treatment resistant depression is a common challenge. Best augmenting strategies available: -Lithium -Thyroid hormone -Anti-anxiety medications -Atypical antipsychotics.
  • 33. LEVEL III RESULTS: Per HDRS – 17, remission in: 15.9% on Li 24.7% on T3 Per QIDS-SR16, remission in: 13.2% on Li 24.7% for T3 * * Fava & Covino: Augmentation/Combination Therapy in STAR*D Trial, Medscape Psychiatry
  • 34. 63 patients with “subclinical hypothyroidism” HAM-D and MADRS scales with serum TSH Free T4, free T3 TPO AB and Tg-AB levels Prevalence of depressive symptoms in this population was 63.5% “This study suggests the importance of a psychiatric evaluation in patients affected by subclinical hypothyroidism.” Hunh?
  • 35. Aim: Evaluate relationship of subclinical hypothyroidism and cognition in the elderly. - 337 outpatients; {177 = men; 160 = women} MMSE scores were SIGNIFICANTLY lower in subclinical hypothyroid patients compared to euthyroid (p<0.03) “Patients with subclinical hypothyroidism had a probability about 2 times greater (RR = 2.028, p<0.05) of developing cognitive impairment.”
  • 36. The Glamorous Grandmother • 4/8/11 – 80 yo returned to practice. No real complaints. History of depression. On des- methylvenlafaxine. – Daughter “handling her finances” • 5/2/11 – “doing terrible.” – TSH 3.84, Free T3 2.8 – on 50 MICROgrams T4 – Fasting BS 120; HgBA1C 6.5% – Fasting insulin 36 (!!!) {3 – 25} – Progesterone – 0.2 {0.2 – 1.4 follicular} – Total testosterone 11 – DHEA-S = 25 MICROgrams/dL (!!) • Age adjusted {10 – 90} . Optimal = {c. 350-500} • Rouzier = {300 –females, 600 males}
  • 37. G.G. - interventions 5/2/11 & Follow-up • Interventions: – DHEA – 25 mg SR q a.m. – Progesterone 50 mg then 100 mg HS, transdermal. – Testosterone – 2 mg for one week, then 4 mg transdermal – Referred to better MD for intervention with AODM. • 6/13/2011 – improvement in fatigue. Labs rechecked. • 7/11/2011 – “feeling wonderful”
  • 38. G.G. – labs before and after 4/11/11 interventions 7/11/11 changes TSH 3.84 Raise T4 from 0.01 (L) none 50 – 75 ug FT4 1.16 “ 1.24 “ FT3 2.8 “ 3.3 “ Progesterone <0.2 100mg topical 0.9 None HS Testosterone 11 4mg topical 15 4 mg LABIAL DHEA-S 25 25 mg SR n/a continue
  • 39. 24 post-menopausal women with intact uterus. Neuropsych testing. No hormone therapy used in the past. Recruited by newspaper ads. Randomized to CEE + PL, CEE + MPA, CEE + MP (Micronized progesterone) Mood improved in all groups. CEE + MP performed significantly better on a test of working memory than the other two groups.
  • 40. Medroxyprogesterone in women and rats • MPA – used in hormone therapy and as DepoProvera, is implicated in detrimental cognitive effects in women. • In ovariectomized rodents – MPA impairs cognition and alters the GABA- ergic system. • Findings suggest that MPA treatment leads to LONG-LASTING cognitive impairments in the rodent, even in the absence of ongoing circulating MPA Braden BS, et al. Cognitive-impairing effects of medroxyprogesterone acetate in the rat: independent and interactive effects across time. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2011 Nov;218(2):405-18. Epub 2011 May 12.
  • 41. Conclusions regarding thyroid • It’s not just about eyebrows (or reflexes) • Low or subclinical hypothyroidism associated with: – Depression – More exertional and mental fatigue – Higher risk of suicide • Poorer cognition • 2 x likelier to have cognitive impairment.
  • 42. The state of adrenal exhaustion can be determined • 53 year old male executive • Partner in four businesses. • “The last year or so, I’m more tired… don’t have the energy… I’m having more trouble getting out of bed in the morning.”
  • 43. Relevant hormone markers by salivary & conventional testing • DHEA 120.12 pg/ml (L) {137 – 336} • Testosterone 59.06 pg/ml {30.1 – 142.5, males, not on tx} • TSH 1.20 uIU/ml {0.40 – 4.50 • Free T4 1.7 mg/ml {0.8 – 1.8} • Free T3 303 pg/ml {230 – 420} • Reverse T3 44 (H!) ng/dL {11 – 32}
  • 44. DHEA – the critical hormone most conventional doctors never check • Produced in the adrenal cortex – Humans and primates are unique in secreting large amounts – “the most abundant steroid hormone in the human body.” (Maninger et al. Front. Neuroendocrinol. 2009 Jan; 30(1):65-91.) • Immune system booster; Insulin regulator • Energy increase – remarkable • Boosts growth hormone – 20% in men; 30% in women in one study • [Yen, Morales Khorram – one year double-blind placebo controlled crossover experiment – with 100mg DHEA] • Antidepressant effects
  • 45. 349 citations on “DHEA with energy” – as of of 10/3/2012
  • 46. DHEA – other interesting points • No nuclear receptor for DHEA or DHEA-S ever found; mechanisms of action are not fully understood • Some actions may be through conversion into more potent sex steroids (and activation of androgen or estrogen receptors in tissue). • Stimulate neural growth (from animal studies) – DHEA – increases axon length – DHEA-S – stimulated dendrite growth. • DHEA-S promoted survival of adult human cortical brain tissue in vitro. – DHEA increased neurogenesis in addition to neuronal survival Manninger, N et al. Neurobiological & neuropsychiatric effects of DHEA and DHEA
  • 47. DHEA has been correlated with lower susceptibility to anxiety and mood disturbance. Behavioral task – series of anagram puzzles from possible to IMPOSSIBLE. Other indices: ACT scores, # of college classes dropped or failed, current GPA Higher DHEA: cortisol ratio associated with “lowest probability of failing the task.”
  • 48. 91 students ½ male, ½ female – taking Organic Chemistry in the USA. Displacement activities (DA’s) screened for by video recording during tests. A logistical model built on GPA, DA’s, and salivary hormone levels of cortisol and DHEA correctly predicted 90% of the students who passed the class.
  • 49. Treatment for the Stressed Executive • Empirically started at ¼ grain Armour with increase to ½ grain at first appt (based on previous thyroid tests) – This was continued at next appt per labs. • Start on DHEA 25 mg extended release tablets, then increase to 2– 3 tablets as needed and as tolerated. (Ultimately increased to 100 mg SR per day) • High potency mulivitamin with high dose B, C, minerals.
  • 50. Five month follow-up • “I think all the stuff is working. My energy level is good. If there’s anything lingering – it’s just stress from work stuff. I actually feel pretty good.” • “0 – 10 energy scale” probe: – 24 – 25 yoa – maximum energy “10” – July 2011 (before labs and interventions) – “4” – October 2011 – “5 – 6” – January 2012 – “8”
  • 51. July 2011 Nov 2011 Dec 29, 2012 Interventions 100 mg DHEA SR 100 mg DHEA SR ½ grain Armour ½ grain Armour 1 pump T to each inner thigh TSH 1.2 0.86 0.93 Free T4 1.7 1.5 1.3 Free T3 303 373 361 Rev T3 44 (H) 57 (H) 39 (H) DHEA-S 128 472 (“H”) 306 (“H”) IGF-1 81 106 120 Total testosterone 820 913 969 Free Testosterone 87.7 131.5 100.8
  • 52. Saliva or blood? • Saliva: • Blood testing: – 4 cortisols give rhythm, plus: – More published literature • Average x 4 of: targeting specific blood levels of – DHEA, testosterone, estradiol, sex hormones and DHEA (S) and progesterone – More predictable dosing of – Much easier to obtain hormones with assiduous blood – Early a.m. cortisol arguably monitoring. more accurate. – 4 lab values in a day averaged • Downsides: arguably more accurate – woefully skewed a.m. cortisol – Cheaper if cash pay – Less likely to get 4 cortisols – Perfectly acceptable as a screening tool. – No averaging of four specimens of other hormones. Downside: Apparent “disconnect” between post-treatment levels and salivary measurements
  • 53. One destigmatizing notion: Estrogen as MAOI • Estrogen & Testosterone (!) decrease monoamine oxidase (MAO) – Luin, VN. Effect of gonadal steroids on activities of MAO and choline acetylase in rat brain. Brain Res. 1975;86:273-306 • Platelet MAO levels inversely correlated to estradiol levels – Klaiber EL et al. Psychoneuroendo- crinology. 1997 Oct;22(7):549-58. • Estrogen decreases MAO-A & MAO-B – Holschneider DP et al. Life Sci. 1998;63(3):155-60
  • 54. What if we could just look at neurotransmitters as well as homones like they would on Star Trek ? Cell rate 
  • 55. Low estrogen, DHEA, cortisol, and low NT’s – putting it all together 52 yo woman, s/p TAH with fatigue and depression Hormone Value norms Cortisols All barely various above pathological DHEA 47.66 {106-300} Estradiol (E2) <1.00 {1.0 – 3.2 = post menopausal} Testosterone 8.44 {6.1 – 49 – female}
  • 56. Estrogen: Good For Your Brain • Estradiol influences performances of learning and memory tasks as well as increase working memory – Sub-point – women are living three decades longer; hence they are spending more time hypoestrogenic – Pompilli A et al. Estrogens and memory in physiological and neuropathological conditions. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2012 Sept; 37 (9):1379-96 • Estradiol = protective against schizophrenia. – Kulkarni J, et al. Hormones and Schizophrenia. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2012 Mar;25(2):89-95
  • 57. Traditional vs. Bio-identical “HRT”: • Synthetic means that the molecule is not natural to the human body. • Bio-identical hormone is one whose molecule is identical to that made by a human organ. SV2003- 57
  • 58. Women’s Health Initiative Study • Flawed study - it was designed as a “Premarin & Provera” study, not a bioidentical estrogen study. • Premarin is a non-bio-identical substance • Provera is a non-bio-identical substance • Premarin is an equine derived array of 30+ female horse hormones. SV2003- 58
  • 59. Women’s Health Initiative Study • The results presented did not justify their overall broad conclusion: – “Premarin & Provera yielded these findings; therefore, Hormone Replacement Therapy is not appropriate for women.” SV2003- 59
  • 60. Women’s Health Initiative Study THE PARTICIPANTS: • 2/3 of the women in the study were older than sixty • Of these women, most were first-time users of HRT. • Had already experienced cessation of endogenous hormone production (for a DECADE!!!), therefore, at risk for: – Heart attacks, strokes, clots, cancer SV2003- 60
  • 61. Women’s Health Initiative Study Facts You Should Know • In the first 1-3 years there was a higher incidence of M.I.’s. • Patients who stayed on that program beyond the 8th year started to actually outperform women on placebo. • WHY???? SV2003- 61
  • 62. Women’s Health Initiative Study Facts You Should Know • When the W.H.I. Study was organized, the subjects were not prescreened for heart disease. • Without prescreening, a group of women was included with pre- existing heart disease. • SV2003- 62
  • 63. Hx of Baseline Health Characteristics (total # of participants 16,608) Disease HRT Placebo Hypertension 37% 3039 2949 High Cholesterol 11% 944 962 Myocardial Infarction 2% 139 157 Angina 288 234 Stroke 61 77 Embolism 79 62 Family Breast Cancer 1286 1175 Diabetes 374 360 Fracture 1031 1029
  • 64. Traditional vs. Bio-identical “HRT”: • Premarin raises C-reactive protein significantly. • CRP is an inflammation marker. • Inflammation is either the root cause (e.g., rupturing plaque), or a strongly contributing cause, of both Cancer & Heart Disease. SV2003- 64
  • 65. Testosterone: The “sexist” bias against women (e.g., “your loss of sex drive is just natural for your age.”) • Fall in the circulating testosterone and the adrenal preandrogens most closely parallel increasing age. • Accelerated decrease occurs in the years preceding menopause (like estrogen). • Their loss affects: libido, vasomotor symptoms (hot flashes), mood, well-being, bone structure, and muscle mass. – Burd, Bachmann. Androgen replacement in menopause. Curr Womens Health Rep. 2001 Dec; 1(3):202-5.
  • 66.
  • 67. Estrogen-related mood disorders – reproductive life cycle factors. Douma SL et al. Adv. Nursing Sci. 2005. 28 (4):364-375 • “Clinical recovery from depression postpartum, perimenopause, and postmenopause through restoration of stable/optimal levels of estrogen has been noted.”
  • 68. The Case of the Crying Cleaner • 1/11/12 - Symptoms: – Crying/depressed = on Citalopram – Hot flashes – Night sweats • RX: – Estradiol – 2 mg @HS – Prometrium – 100 mg @HS – (continue citalopram) • 1/15/12 – RESOLVED • In 4 days! Photo & data used with permission
  • 69.
  • 70. Testosterone (Men) • Decline in male sex steroids not as abrupt as menopause, but equally debilitating –Between 40 – 70, average male loses: • Nearly 2" of height • 15% of bone density • 10 – 20 pounds of muscle • At 70 yoa, 15% completely impotent
  • 71. Observational study of randomly selected men – Boston 3 cohorts of men: 1987-1989; 1995-1997; 2002 -2004. 1374, 906, and 489 men, respectively. “Age independent decline in T that does not appear to be attributable to observed changes in explanatory factors, including lifestyle characteristics such as smoking and obesity.” “Recent years have seen a SUBSTANTIAL, and as yet UNRECOGNIZED age-independent population- November 2009 level decrease in T in American men.” “Alpha Male” issue Travison, Araujo, et al. Jrnl of Clin. Endocrinol & Metabol 92:1; 196-202.
  • 72. Fast food (low Zn) is bad for you. • Fast food = high energy density = low essential micronutrient density, ESPECIALLY ZINC • Antioxidant processes are dependent on Zinc • Fast food = severe decrease in antioxidant vitamins and zinc, correlating with inflammation in testicular tissue – with underdevelopment of testicular tissue and decreased testosterone levels
  • 73. T vs Cognitive Function Rosario ER. Age-related testosterone depletion and the development of Alzhiemer disease. JAMA. 292(2004):1431-2
  • 74. T vs. Cognitive Function • 400 independently living men, 40-80yo – 100 in each age decade – MMSE 21-30, average 28 – TT: 208-1141ng/dL; Bio-avail T 78-470ng/dL • HIGHER T = better cognitive performance in OLDEST AGE category • Men with lowest 1/5 T = worse than men with highest 1/5 T • Highest Bio-available T more significant than TT, age, intelligence level, mood, smoking, and alcohol. Muller M, et al. Neurology. 2005 Mar;64(5): 866-71
  • 75. T vs. Mood in men • Study: 278 men, >45yo, followed 2 years • Compared to eugonadal patients, hypogonadal men w/TT <200ng/dL had – 4-fold increase risk of depression – Significantly shorter time to depression diagnosis • Depression risk inversely related to TT w/statistical significance <280ng/dL Shores MM, Arch Gen Psychiatry. 61(2004):162-7
  • 76. Testosterone appears to be good for guys. • Serum T, DHT and E(2) displayed no decrease associated with age among men over 40 years of age who self-report very good or excellent health – Sartorius G, et al. Serum testosterone, dihydrotestosterone and estradiol concentrations in older men self-reporting very good health: the healthy man study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2012 Nov; 77(5):755-63
  • 77. T vs. Heart Disease • Men with CAD have significantly LOWER levels of androgens than normal controls. – English, KM et al. Men with coronary artery disease have lower levels of androgens than men with normal coronary angiograms. Eur Heart J. 2000 June; 21(11):890-4. • “There is early evidence from non-randomized studies that physiological testosterone replacement is extremely safe and may reduce cardiovascular mortality.” – Hackett G. Testosterone and the heart. Int J Clin Pract. 2012 July;66(7):648-55.
  • 78. Relevance of testosterone (and DHEA + Thyroid) (photo shot 15 months after tx) RX: dairy free diet (+IgG test); D3 5000 IU/d; Armour thyroid, Testosterone cypionate 100 mg IM q wk, MVI, Zinc, DHEA 50 mg SR, CoQ10 400mg (permission granted to use photos & data)
  • 79. Testosterone appears to be seriously good for guys’ brains • “Results from cell culture and animal studies provide convincing evidence that testosterone could have protective effects on brain function.” • “Testosterone levels are lower in Alzheimer’s cases compared to controls, and some studies have suggested that low free testosterone (FT) may precede AD onset.” • “Positive associations have been found between testosterone levels and global cognition, memory, executive functions and spatial performance in observational studies.” Holland J, et al. Testosterone levels and cognition in elderly men: a review. Maturitas. 2011 Aug; 69(4):322-37.
  • 80. Testosterone and “Prostate Cancer risk” • Prostate CA found 2.15 & 2.26 times more likely in lowest compared to highest tertile of total and free testosterone • “. . . there are several papers showing a relationship between LOW testosterone and prostate cancer. Specifically, low testosterone has been associated with high-grade tumors, advanced stage of presentation, and worse prognosis.” Morgentaler A. Eur Urol. 50(2006):935-9 Morgentaler A. Urology. 68(2006):1263-7
  • 81. Benefits (and minimal risk) of testosterone – J Sex Med Sep 2012 Risks of Low T: Risks of TX: •Reduced longevity •“There is no compelling evidence •Fatal Cardiovascular events Testosterone therapy causes that •Obesity prostate cancer or its progression in men.” •Sarcopenia •Mobility limits Conclusions: men with sexual •Osteoporosis dysfunction, visceral obesity, and •Frailty metabolic diseases should be •Cognitive impairment screened for testosterone deficiency and treated. Young men •Depression with TD should also be treated. •Sleep Apnea Syndrome Buvat J et al. Testosterone deficiency in men: Systematic Review. J Sex Med. 2012 Sep 12
  • 82. The Case of the Mismanaged Executive - summary • 42 year old male ADHD CEO. Background in psychology. Now EXTREMELY stressed. • “So tired I feel like I’m dying.” “Depressed.” • Lab findings – low testosterone, despite multiple pumps daily of low potency FDA-approved “BigPharma” transdermal testosterone gel managed by endocrinologist • Low thyroid. Low DHEA. • RX: Testosterone cypionate IM – 60 mg twice weekly. DHEA – 50 mg SR. Armour thyroid – ½ grain. • Clinical status: total resolution of symptoms in 3- 4 weeks. No antidepressant used.
  • 83. Current stats on obesity National Center for Health Statistics
  • 84. How do you lose it?
  • 85. The Doc Cady “Candy Bar a Day” Weight Loss Program • 1 lb. of fat = 3,500 kcal (“calories”) • 3,500 / 7 = 500 calories per day – You need to not eat’em, or burn’em • Starving yourself slows your metabolism down, and you lose muscle mass – Therefore: reduce 250 calories; burn 250 calories • 250 calories = no candy bar, or “NO” to 1 & ½ Cokes • 250 calories = ½ - ¾ hour on treadmill • NET = 500 calories per day, or 1 lb. lost per week
  • 86. One problem… • It doesn’t work! • TBL: It’s the INSULIN RESPONSE • RX: EAT LESS CARBS AND SUGAR!!!
  • 87. Glycemic index • A measure of how fast a carbohydrate triggers a rise in circulating blood sugar. • The higher the number, the greater the blood sugar response.
  • 88. The Old FDA Food pyramid – R.I.P 2005
  • 89. W. Wheat Rice Big Mac, Ice cream; Toast, OJ, cakes, Fries, Shake Coke & chips coffee coffee H - 89
  • 90. Benefits of low-glycemic eating H - 90
  • 91. The horrifying facts about the foods you eat! (food) (glycemic index) Glucose 100 Table sugar (sucrose) 64 Tofutti 115 French bread 95 Instant rice 90 Baked potato 85 Rice cakes!!/ (jelly beans) 77!! / (80) Cheerios 74 Spaghetti, white 41 Spaghetti, protein 27 H - 91 enriched
  • 92.
  • 93.
  • 94. “It’s really not that So what the heck am I complicated!” supposed to do with this stuff?
  • 95. Behaviors/status Interventions stress Job/life stress Meditation, spiritual practice, T’ai chi, Qigong, make needed life changes Abnormal Presumptively low or Get levels – saliva or blood (pre-treatment) hormones unknown Check Neurotransmitters (urine ELISA) Thyroid DHEA Interventions Optimize/support cortisol Testosterone, Estradiol & Progesterone Growth hormone? Amino acid precursor loading for NT’s? Prescriptive agents – e.g., anti- depressants, neurostimulants, etc.
  • 96. Upcoming lectures! Dr. Louis B. Cady, MD – Founder, CEO – Cady Wellness Institute & Dr. W. Whitney Gabhart, Naturopathic Doctor
  • 97. How obvious does it have to be? LET’S START CHECKING THOSE LEVELS! Ron Hunt lost an eye but suffered no brain damage after a freak accident with a large drill bit. (ABCNEWS.com)
  • 98. “Sit down before fact as a little child, be prepared to give up every preconceived notion, follow humbly wherever … nature leads, or you shall learn nothing.” - Thomas H. Huxley
  • 99. Contact information: Louis B. Cady, M.D. www.cadywellness.com Once more….  www.facebook.com/cadywellness Where to “get the slides” - www.indianaTMS-cadywellness.com www.slideshare.net/lcadymd Office: 812-429-0772 E-mail: lcady@cadywellness.com 4727 Rosebud Lane – Suite F Interstate Office Park Newburgh, IN 47630 (USA) @LouisCadyMD @TMS4depression

Notes de l'éditeur

  1. Depressed mood is the most commonly cited symptom in major depressive disorder. Studies have shown that fatigue and reduced energy are nearly as common as depressed mood. As many as 94%-97% of patients may experience reduced energy and fatigue, while 73% may complain of tiredness. Impaired concentration is also common and occurs in as many as 84% of patients. Hypersomnia, or excessive sleepiness as opposed to physical weariness, is less common and occurs in 10%-16% of patients.
  2. One goal is to rectangularize the health span curve. I.e. to improve vitality from middle age onward.
  3. These symptoms correlate to decrease in bioavailable testosterone
  4. RIA (in-house after diethylether extraction) Total testosterone - T (RIA) 208-1141ng/dL, average 536+/-153ng/dL Bioavailable testosterone - BT (calculated) 78-470ng/dL, average 236+/-63ng/dL
  5. Hypogonadal if TT &lt; 200ng/dL or FT &lt; 0.9ng/dL
  6. Hypogonadal if TT &lt; 200ng/dL or FT &lt; 0.9ng/dL