Policy Lab: Vehicle Electrification in NYC
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Students seeking an MS degree in Urban Policy Analysis and Management are required to take "Laboratory in Issue Analysis". This course is an applied policy-analysis experience in which students work together in teams of four or five to resolve a policy issue for a public or nonprofit decision-maker, in this case, a report issued to Councilwoman Gale Brewer. Learn more here: http://www.newschool.edu/milano/subpage.aspx?id=19652
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Policy Lab: Vehicle Electrification in NYC
- 1. VEHICLE ELECTRIFICATION IN NEW YORK CITYPrepared forCouncilmember Gale A. Brewer By: Richard Beadle, Elizabeth Friedrich, Chandler Griffith, & Christine Hadlow
- 2. Agenda Introduction …………………………………………..Christine Hadlow Background…………………………………………………..Chandler Griffith Nature of the Problem & Criteria……………………………..Liz Friedrich Alternatives……………………………………………………..Richard Beadle Final Analysis & Recommendation ………….………..Christine Hadlow
- 3. Central Policy Issue What is the most effective approach for Councilmember Brewer to take in order to make New York City (NYC) a world-class electric vehicle (EV) friendly city?
- 10. Elements of our strategies will most likely be developed by other city agencies as EV adoption progresses
- 12. The Wheels of EVs are Only Powered by an Electric Motor Extended Rage (300 mi range) Electric City (40 mi-60 mi range) Full Range (100 mi-150 mi range) Source: hybridcars.com
- 13. EVs Are Inherently Different From Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) Vehicles Source: hybridcars.com
- 15. EVs make the U.S. economy more resilient to oil price shocks
- 16. 100% conversion reduces U.S. oil consumption by 75%
- 18. Lower fuel costs by about 80%
- 19. Potential for increased renewable energy use Sources: Economic Impact of the Electrification Roadmap, Electrification Coalition:2010, Press Release, Senator Gillibrand: 2010
- 20. Nearly All NYC’s Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions Are From Transportation and Buildings Source: Inventory of New York City Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Mayor’s Office: 2009
- 21. EVs will be an integral part of the Smart Grid Source: ConEd.com
- 22. The NYC Energy Ecosystem Will Be More Efficient and “Smart” by the Year 2030 Source: C. Griffith
- 23. Agenda Introduction …………………………………………………Christine Hadlow Background…………………………………………………..Chandler Griffith Nature of the Problem & Criteria………………………Liz Freidrich Alternatives……………………………………………………..Richard Beadle Final Analysis & Recommendation ………….………..Christine Hadlow
- 25. Lack of Charging Infrastructure
- 28. Metropolitan Taxicab Board of Trade v. City of New York, No. 08 Civ. 7837, (S.D.N.Y. Oct. 31, 2008)
- 29. Green Taxi Act Will Remove This Barrier
- 30. Part of S.1733 Clean Energy Jobs and American Power Act , Introduced 10/2009
- 32. Varied Charging Methods AddressVaried Vehicle Use & Parking
- 33. Unassigned Parking Requires Creative Charging Solutions 23% 54% 46% 77% Source: EV Adoption Study, NYC Mayor’s Office, 2010
- 34. EV Adoption and Smart Grid Development Should be Coordinated Potential Impact of EV Adoption on NYC Grid Source: ConEd Analysis, NYC EV Adoption Survey, 2009
- 36. Encourage Transition to EVs From ICEs
- 37. Ensure Electric Grid Efficiency & Reliability
- 38. Provide Equitable Access to EV Charging Infrastructure
- 40. Agenda Introduction …………………………………………………Christine Hadlow Background…………………………………………………..Chandler Griffith Nature of the Problem & Criteria……………………………..Liz Freidrich Alternatives………………………………………………Richard Beadle Final Analysis & Recommendation ………….………..Christine Hadlow
- 42. ConEd Smart Grid Pilot Program in Queens
- 43. TLC Taxis of Tomorrow initiative
- 44. SCOUT and Parks Dept. using 10 Mini-e vehicles
- 47. City action limited by Federal legislation
- 49. Incentives , Mandates, and Preferential Treatment programs
- 50. Purchasing
- 51. Vehicle, infrastructure, and Information investments
- 52. Partnerships
- 56. $2,000 tax credit/ new EV purchase
- 57. EV commercial delivery fleet parking ticket forgiveness
- 58. New parking garages 10% EV charging requirement
- 65. Without coordinated grid improvements purchase programs are unsustainable
- 69. Develop regional standards partnership for charging equipment and building codes
- 70. Columbus Circle taxi battery swap station
- 72. Analysis
- 76. Budget allotmentsfor an annual EV Summit and EV program partnerships
- 77. Land use appropriationsfor Taxi fleet-specific EV partnerships
- 79. POTENTIAL SLIDES
- 80. In 2009 Obama awarded $2.4 billion for EV's and battery manufacturing Bannon's decision to locate their operation in Syracuse could result in an initial investment of approximately $40 million into the Upstate New York economy, with the potential to reach $50 to $75 million over the next five years.
- 81. A majority of New Yorkers still commute at least partially by car
- 82. EV's promote domestic Job Growth
- 83. EV’s are an integral part of future Smart Grid plans
- 85. Serrano Bill (e-drive bill) paves the way for fleet conversion ?????? - HR4339 would award $2.4 billion to electrify the U.S. postal fleet - Jump starts local manufacturing and promotes competitive pricing - Lays the foundation for smart grid infrastructure Source: Chandler
- 86. Unassigned Parking requires creative charging solutions Source: EV adoption Study, NYC mayors office, 2010
Notes de l'éditeur
- Introduction Christine Hadlow Background& Chandler GriffithNature of the Problem & Criteria Liz FreidrichAlternatives Richard BeadleAnalysis and Recommendation Christine Hadlow
- not simply as a private transportation option, but as part of the electricity infrastructure. and, so, with a signficant public interest” – On assumptions:“A wave of change is inevitable [describe in a few words]. The alternatives all seek to amplify this wave”“EVs should be conceived of not simply as a private transportation option, but as part of the electricity infrastructure and, so, with a signficant public interest” – Assuming that ConEd
- Introduction Christine Hadlow Background& Chandler GriffithNature of the Problem & Criteria Liz FreidrichAlternatives Richard BeadleAnalysis and Recommendation Christine Hadlow
- From here out, EV = plug inElectric city- 40-60EV fueling is inherently different from Internal Combustion Engines (ICEs)
- From here out, EV = plug inEV fueling is inherently different from Internal Combustion Engines (ICEs)
- $25 to $180 billion annually. These costs could soar if outages or disturbances become more frequent or longer in duration.
- NYC’s Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions Are Predominantly From Transportation and Electricity
- Improving the nations grid efficiency by 5% is equivalent to take 53 million cars off the road (source:USDOE)Con Edison has recieved $181 million in stimulus funds for regional Smart Grid developmentThe “information economy” requires a reliable, secure, and affordable electric system to grow and prosper. Unless substantial amounts of capital are invested over the next several decades in new generation, transmission, and distribution facilities, service quality will degrade and costs will go up.Information technologies (IT) have already revolutionized telecommunications, banking, and certain manufacturing industries. Similarly, the electric power system represents an enormous market for the application of IT to automate various functions such as meter reading, billing, transmission and distribution operations, outage restoration, pricing, and status reporting.
- Grid 2030 is a fully automated power delivery network that monitors and controls every customer and node, ensuring a two-way flow of electricity and information between the power plant and the appliance, and all points in between. Its distributed intelligence, coupled with broadband communications and automated control systems, enables real-time market transactions and seamless interfaces among people, buildings, industrial plants, generation facilities, and the electric network.A national electricity “backbone” à Regional interconnections, whichinclude Canada and Mexicoà Local distribution, mini- and micro- grids providing services to customers and obtaining services from generation resources anywhere on the continent
- Introduction Christine Hadlow Background& Chandler GriffithNature of the Problem & Criteria Liz FreidrichAlternatives Richard BeadleAnalysis and Recommendation Christine Hadlow
- L = homeR = streetTop = Taxi SwapBottom = Public garageVaried Charging Methods Address Specific Vehicle Use & Parking
- Encourage switching from ICE to EV, not new driversPromote public and private collaboration to learn from one another and advance more quickly and efficiently Ensure electric grid efficiency and reliabilityProvide equitable access to the EV charging infrastructurePromote the development of local EV related market
- Contribution to collaborative and standardized adoptionThis criteria measures the extent to which the alternative will contribute to universal standards for equipment, infrastructure access, and building codes.Effect on grid efficiency and stabilityThis criteria measures the effect of the alternative on the electrical grid in terms of efficiency and stability.Improved equitable access to chargingMeasures extent alternative is equitably distributed to citizens with various needsPotential local economic benefitMeasures the potential of the alternative to have positive local economic benefitPolitical feasibility Measures the practicality of our proposition
- Introduction Christine Hadlow Background& Chandler GriffithNature of the Problem & Criteria Liz FreidrichAlternatives Richard BeadleAnalysis and Recommendation Christine Hadlow
- Appears promising, but is uncoordinatedReady or not, EVs are coming…Absent congestion pricing, there is no mechanism to provide preferential pricing for fuel-effi cient,low-emission vehicles. However, the City has supported national legislation to improve vehicle fueleconomy and California’s efforts to adopt greenhouse gas standards for vehicles.Air quality progress report2007• Mayor Bloomberg announces PlaNYC 2030• The Metropolitan Transit Authority – New York City Transit (MTA - NYCT) participated in the Clean-Fueled Bus Program2009• BMW lends NYC 10 MINI E cars for use by Street Conditions Observation Unit (SCOUT) and the Parks Department. Department of Sanitation will use 2 new hybrid electric-diesel collection trucks • Representative Nadler introduces and Senator Gillibrand supports the Green Taxis Act of 2009• ConEd launches “Smart Grid” pilot program in Queens2010• Taxi & Limousine Commission (TLC) launches Taxis of Tomorrow initiative• Th!nk ranked New York City as third most EV-ready city in the U.S.
- Absent congestion pricing, there is no mechanism to provide preferential pricing for fuel-effi cient,low-emission vehicles. However, the City has supported national legislation to improve vehicle fueleconomy and California’s efforts to adopt greenhouse gas standards for vehicles.Air quality progress reportMini-e program is not establishing EV infrastructure, publicity for NYC and Mini2007• Mayor Bloomberg announces PlaNYC 2030• The Metropolitan Transit Authority – New York City Transit (MTA - NYCT) participated in the Clean-Fueled Bus Program2009• BMW lends NYC 10 MINI E cars for use by Street Conditions Observation Unit (SCOUT) and the Parks Department. Department of Sanitation will use 2 new hybrid electric-diesel collection trucks • Representative Nadler introduces and Senator Gillibrand supports the Green Taxis Act of 2009• ConEd launches “Smart Grid” pilot program in Queens2010• Taxi & Limousine Commission (TLC) launches Taxis of Tomorrow initiative• Th!nk ranked New York City as third most EV-ready city in the U.S.
- Policy SolutionsIncentives , mandates, and preferential treatment programs encourage adoption of EVs Addresses economic and infrastructure barriersInvestmentGovernment spurs market development through Car and Infrastructure investment as well as providing education resourcesAddresses infrastructure and minimal market level barriersCoalition Building / Corporate PartnershipsCorporate partnerships and technology standards encouraged and supported through city governmentAddresses lack of standards and unproven technology barriersNoP:Charging is complicatedLack of supportive legislationUpfront Costs and long term benefits Lack of charging infrastructureInefficient energy gridAn EV friendly city has:-efficient grid-equitable and accessible charging-healthy supply and demand with competitive pricing-cross sector support in the form of public and private collaboration
- Mandates have failed – CA, NY, and MA all had requirements for EV sales in 1990’s as % of total car sales – all were relaxedIncentives encourage non-drivers to become drivers
- 437 city fleet Light Duty Vehicles (LDVs) purchased in FY091,000 EVs in 5 years = 45% of LDV purchasesLondon at 659 sq. miles is 3.8 charge points / sq. mileNYC would require 1,157Free technology, installation, general info workshops for individuals and fleet managers
- 437 city fleet Light Duty Vehicles (LDVs) purchased in FY091,000 EVs in 5 years = 45% of LDV purchasesLondon at 659 sq. miles is 3.8 charge points / sq. mileNYC would require 1,157Free technology, installation, general info workshops for individuals and fleet managers
- Electric Vehicle (EV) Charging Infrastructure Promotion - Bay Area9 point plan to simply regulations standards and permittingMayors of San Francisco, San Jose, and Oakland will follow a policy plan to develop and expand the infrastructure needed to promote the use of EVs. Policy steps include: expediting the permit and installation processes for charging outlets; providing incentives for employers and other organizations who install charging infrastructure at the workplace and other parking facilities; developing standard regulations governing EV infrastructure across the region; and establishing programs to purchase EVs for use by city and state employees. The mayors will work with other cities in the Bay Area as well as regional government organizations and private sector partners.Electric Vehicle (EV) Charging RequirementsNew EVs and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) must be equipped with a conductive charger inlet port that meets the specifications contained in Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) standard J1772. EVs and PHEVs must be equipped with an on-board charger with a minimum output of 3.3 kilovolt amps. These requirements do not apply to EVs and PHEVs that are only capable of Level 1 charging, a charging method that allows a vehicle to be charged by having its charger connected to the most common grounded receptacle. (Reference California Code of Regulations Title 13, Section 1962.2)
- Electric Vehicle (EV) Charging Infrastructure Promotion - Bay Area9 point plan to simply regulations standards and permittingMayors of San Francisco, San Jose, and Oakland will follow a policy plan to develop and expand the infrastructure needed to promote the use of EVs. Policy steps include: expediting the permit and installation processes for charging outlets; providing incentives for employers and other organizations who install charging infrastructure at the workplace and other parking facilities; developing standard regulations governing EV infrastructure across the region; and establishing programs to purchase EVs for use by city and state employees. The mayors will work with other cities in the Bay Area as well as regional government organizations and private sector partners.Electric Vehicle (EV) Charging RequirementsNew EVs and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) must be equipped with a conductive charger inlet port that meets the specifications contained in Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) standard J1772. EVs and PHEVs must be equipped with an on-board charger with a minimum output of 3.3 kilovolt amps. These requirements do not apply to EVs and PHEVs that are only capable of Level 1 charging, a charging method that allows a vehicle to be charged by having its charger connected to the most common grounded receptacle. (Reference California Code of Regulations Title 13, Section 1962.2)
- Public Investment in fleet and infrastructure as supporting standardization by establishing one
- Introduction Christine Hadlow Background& Chandler GriffithNature of the Problem & Criteria Liz FreidrichAlternatives Richard BeadleAnalysis and Recommendation Christine Hadlow
- Propose legislation to mandate that a certain percentage of city fleets are at least partially powered by electricity over a designated period of time (e.g., 25% of city fleet converted to EV in 5 years)• Propose the City hold an EV Summit in an effort to build a coalition of main stakeholders• Start a EV public education campaign to debunk common misconceptions on EVs
- Improving the nations grid efficiency by 5% is equivalent to take 53 million cars off the road (source:USDOE)Con Edison has recieved $181 million in stimulus funds for regional Smart Grid development