SlideShare une entreprise Scribd logo
1  sur  22
Télécharger pour lire hors ligne
Unit 1:
   Developmental Psychology
   Two parts
1. Attachment.
2. Attachment
   in everyday
       life.
L/O: to be able to define attachment AO1

          Attachment is an emotional
              connection or bond.

Independently, think and write down all of the
different ways a person can form attachments
with another.                    2 minutes.
What we will cover this half-term
              [from the exam Specification]
Part 1
Attachment

• Explanations of attachment, including learning theory and
Bowlby’s theory.

• Types of attachment: secure attachment, insecure-avoidant
and insecure-resistant.

• Use of the “Strange Situation” in attachment research.
                         Key names:
                           Bowlby
                           Pavlov
                      Ainsworth & Bell
L/O: to be able to define attachment AO1

What?
• Mutual affection                    Not just physical
                                         needs met:
• Frequent interaction
                                    food, water, hygiene.
• Desire for proximity
• Selectivity: the child wants to be with caregiver and
  no-one else
Who?
• Child and principle caregiver
• Usually the mother but can be father or other person
What we will cover this half-term
     [from the exam Specification]
Part 1
Attachment

• Explanations of attachment, including learning theory and Bowlby’s theory

• Types of attachment: secure attachment, insecure-avoidant and insecure-
resistant

• Use of the “Strange Situation” in attachment research
                                   Key names:
                                     Lorenz
                                     Harlow
                                     Bowlby
                                     Pavlov
                                Ainsworth & Bell
Can you speculate as to
                          how these two schools of
                            thought might try to
                            explain attachment?

Why do they occur?

Biological and evolutionary perspective.


vs.


Environment and learning perspective.
The Evolutionary Perspective
• Read ‘Evolution: Natural Selection’ - page 98.

                                Is there an
                                evolutionary
                                advantage to
                                forming
                                attachments?
                      YES.
Animal instinct for both parent and new born.
              Linked to survival.
L/O: To be able to describe the findings from research into
                 attachment in animals AO1
               To evaluate their research AO2
Konrad Lorenz – Biologist studied geese [1935]
Imprinting: an innate ability, in all species that are mobile
soon after birth, to quickly recognise and follow a caregiver.
Important for survival:
 Protection from predators
 Learn necessary skills and behaviours
Research with geese found:
• there is a ‘critical period’ for imprinting – first 36 hours
   of life.
• a lack of or inappropriate imprinting had
   consequences for survival and mating choices.
L/O: To be able to describe the findings from research into
                  attachment in animals AO1
                To evaluate their research AO2
Evaluation AO2
× Imprinting can occur outside of the 36
                                                 Can we apply
  hour ‘critical period’ so better referred      these findings
  to as a ‘sensitive period’ when                 from animal
                                                    studies to
  imprinting occurs more readily.                   humans?
× The effects may not be as permanent as         Can Kendrick’s
  Lorenz suggests. Kendrick et al. found         study be used
                                                   to evaluate
  goats raised in mixed flocks with sheep            Lorenz’s
  for 3 years showed a preference for            human/geese
                                                    research?
  sheep BUT female tended to revert
  back to their own species after 1-2
  years.
Can we?
                   L/O: to be able to define attachment AO1
5 (a) What is meant by the term attachment?
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
2 marks
                                                                                   2 minutes.
Question 5 a                                                                       Peer-assess [Write PA by…]
AO1 = 2 marks Knowledge of attachment
Attachment can be defined as an emotional relationship between two
people in which each seeks closeness and feels more secure when in
the presence of the attachment figure.

One mark for a brief outline such as an emotional bond.
Second mark for some elaboration.
L/O: To be able to describe the findings from research into
                 attachment in animals AO1
               To evaluate their research AO2
Harry Harlow – studied Monkeys [1962]
                                 Research found:
                                 Monkeys spent majority of their
                                 time with comforting cloth mother
                                 and only visited wire mother to
Monkeys raised from birth with   feed.
   two substitute mothers:       Preferred comfort to food supply?
   1. wire mother with milk
2. Cloth mother without milk.    Long-term effects:
                                 • Maternal Deprivation resulted
     Watch the clip.               in timid, fearful monkeys lacking
    What did Harlow                social skills.
      do and find?               • No physical effects long-term.
L/O: To be able to describe the findings from research into
                 attachment in animals AO1
               To evaluate their research AO2
Evaluation AO2
× Maternal Deprivation or privation?
Deprivation = something you has being taken away.
Privation = never having something at all.

 Research into humans support importance of contact –
  Klaus and Kennel found more contact in hospital =
  stronger attachment a month later.
× Quantity or quality/type of contact? Harlow does not
  distinguish but seems important to human attachment.

× Generalisable to humans?
Can we?
L/O: To be able to describe the findings from research into
                attachment in animals AO1
              To evaluate their research AO2

  Get into pairs.
  Label yourselves A and B.
  Cover your notes.

  A – tell B about Lorenz, his research and one
  evaluative point.
  B – tell A about Harlow, his research and one
  evaluative point.

  Then, share what your partner told you.
Self Study



Page 64 study guide: Read and add to notes.

Due Monday 14th January.
• Research Methods crossword.
L/O: To be able to describe the findings from research into
               attachment in HUMANS AO1
              To evaluate their research AO2
John Bowlby
Theories of attachment

L/O: To be able to outline Bowlby’s theory of attachment AO1
             To be able to define key terms AO1


 Starter:

 Briefly outline the Psychoanalytic theory of
 attachment.
L/O: To be able to outline Bowlby’s theory of attachment AO1
             To be able to define key terms AO1

Bowlby (The biological / evolutionary perspective)

- Attachment has strong biological roots.
- Both infant and caregiver have a biological NEED to
  form an attachment to one and other – reciprocal.
- ‘Attachment’ rather than ‘imprinting (Lorenz’s
  geese) as complex emotions are associated.
- Monotropy: a child attaching to one person
  (principle caregiver).
L/O: To be able to outline Bowlby’s theory of attachment AO1
             To be able to define key terms AO1

  What are the three stages according to Bowlby’s
  theory?

  Are they fixed or flexible?

  Be critical: Why is this problematic?

  Internal working model:
L/O: To be able to outline Bowlby’s theory of attachment AO1
             To be able to define key terms AO1

  Critical Period:

  Continuity hypothesis:

  Secure base hypothesis:
L/O: To be able to outline Bowlby’s theory of attachment AO1
             To be able to define key terms AO1

  Study guide:
  1. Pg. 65 – read and add to notes.
  2. Do ‘Apply your knowledge’ question (4 marks) –
     write it as a short speech or a brief information
     leaflet.

  You have been invited to give a talk to the local
  mother-and-baby group. Using ideas from
  Bowlby’s theory of attachment, what advice might
  you give the mothers about how they could form a
  strong mother-child bond?
Self-Study
Due Friday

• Write a list of the behaviours you would
  expect to see in a child who has formed a
  strong attachment bond in early life?
• What about those of a child who has not?

Contenu connexe

Similaire à Dev intro%2c evo animal research

Attachment PSYA1
Attachment PSYA1Attachment PSYA1
Attachment PSYA1Nicky Burt
 
Attachment Theory
Attachment TheoryAttachment Theory
Attachment Theorymissyari
 
Mod 6 lorenz
Mod 6 lorenzMod 6 lorenz
Mod 6 lorenzmpape
 
Attachments revision
Attachments revisionAttachments revision
Attachments revisionammz1
 
Attachment AQA A-LEVEL PSYCHOLOGY TOPIC REVIEW
Attachment AQA A-LEVEL PSYCHOLOGY TOPIC REVIEWAttachment AQA A-LEVEL PSYCHOLOGY TOPIC REVIEW
Attachment AQA A-LEVEL PSYCHOLOGY TOPIC REVIEWmind29x
 
Attachment AQA A Level Psychology
Attachment AQA A Level PsychologyAttachment AQA A Level Psychology
Attachment AQA A Level PsychologyElla Warwick
 
1_THEORIES_OF_DEVELOPMENT.pptx
1_THEORIES_OF_DEVELOPMENT.pptx1_THEORIES_OF_DEVELOPMENT.pptx
1_THEORIES_OF_DEVELOPMENT.pptxJOYCEPAGKATIPUNAN
 
The Various Language Skill Development
The Various Language Skill DevelopmentThe Various Language Skill Development
The Various Language Skill DevelopmentVictoria Leon
 
Bowlby's explanation
Bowlby's explanationBowlby's explanation
Bowlby's explanationmpape
 
Evolutionary perspective
Evolutionary perspectiveEvolutionary perspective
Evolutionary perspectivempape
 

Similaire à Dev intro%2c evo animal research (16)

Attachment PSYA1
Attachment PSYA1Attachment PSYA1
Attachment PSYA1
 
Attachment Theory
Attachment TheoryAttachment Theory
Attachment Theory
 
Attachment theory
Attachment theoryAttachment theory
Attachment theory
 
Mod 6 lorenz
Mod 6 lorenzMod 6 lorenz
Mod 6 lorenz
 
Attachments revision
Attachments revisionAttachments revision
Attachments revision
 
Bowlby's theory
Bowlby's theoryBowlby's theory
Bowlby's theory
 
Bowlby's theory
Bowlby's theoryBowlby's theory
Bowlby's theory
 
Bowlby's theory
Bowlby's theoryBowlby's theory
Bowlby's theory
 
Attachment AQA A-LEVEL PSYCHOLOGY TOPIC REVIEW
Attachment AQA A-LEVEL PSYCHOLOGY TOPIC REVIEWAttachment AQA A-LEVEL PSYCHOLOGY TOPIC REVIEW
Attachment AQA A-LEVEL PSYCHOLOGY TOPIC REVIEW
 
Attachment AQA A Level Psychology
Attachment AQA A Level PsychologyAttachment AQA A Level Psychology
Attachment AQA A Level Psychology
 
1_THEORIES_OF_DEVELOPMENT.pptx
1_THEORIES_OF_DEVELOPMENT.pptx1_THEORIES_OF_DEVELOPMENT.pptx
1_THEORIES_OF_DEVELOPMENT.pptx
 
The Various Language Skill Development
The Various Language Skill DevelopmentThe Various Language Skill Development
The Various Language Skill Development
 
Bowlby's explanation
Bowlby's explanationBowlby's explanation
Bowlby's explanation
 
Evolutionary perspective
Evolutionary perspectiveEvolutionary perspective
Evolutionary perspective
 
Theories of Attachment
Theories of AttachmentTheories of Attachment
Theories of Attachment
 
MED08_joycepagkatipunan.pdf
MED08_joycepagkatipunan.pdfMED08_joycepagkatipunan.pdf
MED08_joycepagkatipunan.pdf
 

Plus de leannacatherina

Plus de leannacatherina (20)

Sophie
SophieSophie
Sophie
 
Roland barthes levi strauss pp
Roland barthes levi strauss ppRoland barthes levi strauss pp
Roland barthes levi strauss pp
 
Narrative theory
Narrative theoryNarrative theory
Narrative theory
 
Media theory presentation
Media theory presentationMedia theory presentation
Media theory presentation
 
Genre presentation
Genre presentationGenre presentation
Genre presentation
 
Audience theory
Audience theory Audience theory
Audience theory
 
Presentation
PresentationPresentation
Presentation
 
Lesson 1 2013
Lesson 1 2013Lesson 1 2013
Lesson 1 2013
 
Bastille Cross-Media Case Study
Bastille Cross-Media Case StudyBastille Cross-Media Case Study
Bastille Cross-Media Case Study
 
Adorno and horkheimer 2013v2 students
Adorno and horkheimer 2013v2 studentsAdorno and horkheimer 2013v2 students
Adorno and horkheimer 2013v2 students
 
Gender analysis
Gender analysisGender analysis
Gender analysis
 
Hollyoaks disability textual analysis pp
Hollyoaks disability textual analysis ppHollyoaks disability textual analysis pp
Hollyoaks disability textual analysis pp
 
Ethnicity & race pp
Ethnicity & race ppEthnicity & race pp
Ethnicity & race pp
 
Evaluation
EvaluationEvaluation
Evaluation
 
Theories learning theory
Theories   learning theoryTheories   learning theory
Theories learning theory
 
Strange situation & types of att
Strange situation & types of attStrange situation & types of att
Strange situation & types of att
 
Culture and attachment
Culture and attachmentCulture and attachment
Culture and attachment
 
Ewt the cognitive interview
Ewt   the cognitive interviewEwt   the cognitive interview
Ewt the cognitive interview
 
Ewt elderly
Ewt   elderlyEwt   elderly
Ewt elderly
 
Ewt children
Ewt   childrenEwt   children
Ewt children
 

Dev intro%2c evo animal research

  • 1. Unit 1: Developmental Psychology Two parts 1. Attachment. 2. Attachment in everyday life.
  • 2. L/O: to be able to define attachment AO1 Attachment is an emotional connection or bond. Independently, think and write down all of the different ways a person can form attachments with another. 2 minutes.
  • 3. What we will cover this half-term [from the exam Specification] Part 1 Attachment • Explanations of attachment, including learning theory and Bowlby’s theory. • Types of attachment: secure attachment, insecure-avoidant and insecure-resistant. • Use of the “Strange Situation” in attachment research. Key names: Bowlby Pavlov Ainsworth & Bell
  • 4. L/O: to be able to define attachment AO1 What? • Mutual affection Not just physical needs met: • Frequent interaction food, water, hygiene. • Desire for proximity • Selectivity: the child wants to be with caregiver and no-one else Who? • Child and principle caregiver • Usually the mother but can be father or other person
  • 5. What we will cover this half-term [from the exam Specification] Part 1 Attachment • Explanations of attachment, including learning theory and Bowlby’s theory • Types of attachment: secure attachment, insecure-avoidant and insecure- resistant • Use of the “Strange Situation” in attachment research Key names: Lorenz Harlow Bowlby Pavlov Ainsworth & Bell
  • 6. Can you speculate as to how these two schools of thought might try to explain attachment? Why do they occur? Biological and evolutionary perspective. vs. Environment and learning perspective.
  • 7. The Evolutionary Perspective • Read ‘Evolution: Natural Selection’ - page 98. Is there an evolutionary advantage to forming attachments? YES. Animal instinct for both parent and new born. Linked to survival.
  • 8. L/O: To be able to describe the findings from research into attachment in animals AO1 To evaluate their research AO2 Konrad Lorenz – Biologist studied geese [1935] Imprinting: an innate ability, in all species that are mobile soon after birth, to quickly recognise and follow a caregiver. Important for survival:  Protection from predators  Learn necessary skills and behaviours Research with geese found: • there is a ‘critical period’ for imprinting – first 36 hours of life. • a lack of or inappropriate imprinting had consequences for survival and mating choices.
  • 9. L/O: To be able to describe the findings from research into attachment in animals AO1 To evaluate their research AO2 Evaluation AO2 × Imprinting can occur outside of the 36 Can we apply hour ‘critical period’ so better referred these findings to as a ‘sensitive period’ when from animal studies to imprinting occurs more readily. humans? × The effects may not be as permanent as Can Kendrick’s Lorenz suggests. Kendrick et al. found study be used to evaluate goats raised in mixed flocks with sheep Lorenz’s for 3 years showed a preference for human/geese research? sheep BUT female tended to revert back to their own species after 1-2 years.
  • 10. Can we? L/O: to be able to define attachment AO1 5 (a) What is meant by the term attachment? ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ 2 marks 2 minutes. Question 5 a Peer-assess [Write PA by…] AO1 = 2 marks Knowledge of attachment Attachment can be defined as an emotional relationship between two people in which each seeks closeness and feels more secure when in the presence of the attachment figure. One mark for a brief outline such as an emotional bond. Second mark for some elaboration.
  • 11. L/O: To be able to describe the findings from research into attachment in animals AO1 To evaluate their research AO2 Harry Harlow – studied Monkeys [1962] Research found: Monkeys spent majority of their time with comforting cloth mother and only visited wire mother to Monkeys raised from birth with feed. two substitute mothers: Preferred comfort to food supply? 1. wire mother with milk 2. Cloth mother without milk. Long-term effects: • Maternal Deprivation resulted Watch the clip. in timid, fearful monkeys lacking What did Harlow social skills. do and find? • No physical effects long-term.
  • 12. L/O: To be able to describe the findings from research into attachment in animals AO1 To evaluate their research AO2 Evaluation AO2 × Maternal Deprivation or privation? Deprivation = something you has being taken away. Privation = never having something at all.  Research into humans support importance of contact – Klaus and Kennel found more contact in hospital = stronger attachment a month later. × Quantity or quality/type of contact? Harlow does not distinguish but seems important to human attachment. × Generalisable to humans?
  • 13. Can we? L/O: To be able to describe the findings from research into attachment in animals AO1 To evaluate their research AO2 Get into pairs. Label yourselves A and B. Cover your notes. A – tell B about Lorenz, his research and one evaluative point. B – tell A about Harlow, his research and one evaluative point. Then, share what your partner told you.
  • 14. Self Study Page 64 study guide: Read and add to notes. Due Monday 14th January.
  • 15. • Research Methods crossword.
  • 16. L/O: To be able to describe the findings from research into attachment in HUMANS AO1 To evaluate their research AO2 John Bowlby
  • 17. Theories of attachment L/O: To be able to outline Bowlby’s theory of attachment AO1 To be able to define key terms AO1 Starter: Briefly outline the Psychoanalytic theory of attachment.
  • 18. L/O: To be able to outline Bowlby’s theory of attachment AO1 To be able to define key terms AO1 Bowlby (The biological / evolutionary perspective) - Attachment has strong biological roots. - Both infant and caregiver have a biological NEED to form an attachment to one and other – reciprocal. - ‘Attachment’ rather than ‘imprinting (Lorenz’s geese) as complex emotions are associated. - Monotropy: a child attaching to one person (principle caregiver).
  • 19. L/O: To be able to outline Bowlby’s theory of attachment AO1 To be able to define key terms AO1 What are the three stages according to Bowlby’s theory? Are they fixed or flexible? Be critical: Why is this problematic? Internal working model:
  • 20. L/O: To be able to outline Bowlby’s theory of attachment AO1 To be able to define key terms AO1 Critical Period: Continuity hypothesis: Secure base hypothesis:
  • 21. L/O: To be able to outline Bowlby’s theory of attachment AO1 To be able to define key terms AO1 Study guide: 1. Pg. 65 – read and add to notes. 2. Do ‘Apply your knowledge’ question (4 marks) – write it as a short speech or a brief information leaflet. You have been invited to give a talk to the local mother-and-baby group. Using ideas from Bowlby’s theory of attachment, what advice might you give the mothers about how they could form a strong mother-child bond?
  • 22. Self-Study Due Friday • Write a list of the behaviours you would expect to see in a child who has formed a strong attachment bond in early life? • What about those of a child who has not?