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EC.421/ESD.172/SP.793 - X PRIZE WORKSHOP:
                              ENERGY INNOVATION CHALLENGES
                                IN THE DEVELOPING WORLD
                                   FALL 2011 SYLLABUS
                           MW 11-12:30pm, MIT Room 56-162

Course Director: Georgina Campbell – georgie@alum.mit.edu – Office: MIT Entrepreneurship
Center, E40-160, m: 617.768.7626

Course Instructors: Georgina Campbell, Professor Charles Cooney, Professor Fiona Murray

Course Website: http://stellar.mit.edu/S/course/ESD/fa11/ESD.172/

Course Description: 
In 2004, the Ansari X PRIZE for suborbital spaceflight captured the public's imagination,
leveraging a $10M prize into over $100M in innovation. Now the X PRIZE Foundation is
developing new prizes to focus innovation around other "Grand Challenge" themes,
including genomics, energy, health care, and education. Around the world, prizes are
gathering steam as tools for public policy, as well as philanthropy and corporate innovation.

Our interdisciplinary X PRIZE course this fall challenges the world to develop revolutionary
breakthroughs in the interlinking areas of energy and the developing world. This is not a
theoretical exercise, but a real opportunity to design a $10M prize for incentivizing
energy breakthroughs in the developing world whilst adding essential tools to your
innovation toolkit. Together with industry leaders and maverick innovators, we will examine
the intersection of incentives and innovation, drawing on economic models, historic
examples, and analytic tools, and pitch your ideas to members of the X PRIZE Foundation
Board of Directors and global energy leaders at the World Bank. 

Learning Objectives
After taking ESD.172, students should be able to:
   • Articulate the features of incentive prizes and contexts in which they are most
       effective
   • Describe incentive prizes in the context of existing economic models of innovation
   • Analyze effective areas for investment of limited resources
   • Understand the diversity of opportunities for improvements in energy-related issues
       in the developing world
   • Understand the technological and systems-level blockages to energy-related
       improvements in developing world
   • Develop deep knowledge of a particular energy innovation issue in the developing
       world through the term project
   • Work effectively in teams
   • Present their concepts clearly and concisely in both written and oral form


Course Format: This 9-unit course will be highly action-oriented and interactive, with a
team-based term project due at the end of the semester. Twice-weekly workshops include a
mixture of lectures and discussions with experts on innovation, incentive structures, and
opportunities for revolution in developing world energy systems.
Team Project: Groups of 3-5 students will work together to analyze an area relevant to
energy generation, transmission, distribution, storage and use in the developing world. The
ultimate goal here is for students to develop a fully-formed X PRIZE concept to incentivize
revolutionary energy innovation breakthroughs in the developing world.
Course instructors will work together with the teams to identify local experts as team
mentors/advisors. It is anticipated that each team will meet with their advisors a minimum
of two times during the course of the semester.

Grading: Class grades will be assigned on the basis of homework, project performance, and
class participation, as follows:

      15% participation                    40% project milestones
      15% homework                         30% final project
Theme/Week
          Topic
                                      Assignment Due
Incentive Prizes
Wk 1 (9/07)
         Importance of Prizes in the Innovation 

 
                  Toolkit
                                    

 
                  Georgina Campbell

Wk 2 (9/12)
         X PRIZE introduction
                     Stanford Case Study,Kalil

 
                  Peter Diamandis, Founder X PRIZE (Skype)
 2009


         (9/14)
    Prize History and Landscape
                McKinsey study, Lakhani,

     
              Georgina Campbell 
                         Lerner 2008

Energy Challenges in the Developing World
Wk 3 (9/19)
        Introduction to problem identification &      Class pitches

 
                 problem solving

 
                 Georgina Campbell

 
                 Irina Sigalovsky, Gen3

  
  (9/21) 
       No class- student holiday

    Wk 4 (9/26) 
    In context: Lightning Africa
               TBD reading

     
              Kate Steel, Africa Unit, World Bank


          (9/28)
   In context: Clean Cooking Initiative
       TBD reading

     
              Srilata Kammila, Africa Unit, World Bank

Wk 5(10/03)
         Energy Challenges in the Developing World
TBD reading

 
                  
   
                                     Historical Prize Summary


         (10/05)
   Prize analysis & design I
                  Term project: elevator

     
              Irina Sigalovsky, Gen3
                     pitches

Wk 6 (10/10)
        No class- Columbus Day


         (10/12)
   Innovation: A Public & Private Perspective 
 Team Contracts,resources,

     
              Jen Gustatic, PhaseOne 
                     advisors
                                                                          
    

Wk 7 (10/17)
        Prize analysis & design II
                 G3:ID Assignment 1

 
                  Irina Sigalovsky, Gen3


         (10/19)
   Prize analysis & design III
                G3:ID Assignment 2

     
              Irina Sigalovsky, Gen3

Wk 8 (10/24)
        Green Town Labs Tour (Sip Week)

 

    (10/26)
        Motivations for Innovation (Sip Week)
     Readings TBD

 
                  Georgina Campbell

 
                  

 
                  Steve Isakowitz, VP & CTO, Virgin Galactic

 
                  (date to be confirmed)
Wk 9 (10/31)
         MID-TERM TEAM PRESENTATIONS

 

     (11/02)
        IDEO Brainstorm
                             Readings TBD

 
                   Jeff Chaplin, David Privitera
               
 

Wk 10 (11/07)
        Communicating Innovation
              Readings TBD

 
                   G. Nagesh, Director of Business

 
                   Development & Government Policy, OnGreen
 

 

    (11/09) 
        Incentives and Innovation 
                  Readings TBD

 
                   Professor Fiona Murray

Wk 11 (11/14)
        X PRIZE critique
                            X PRIZE critique

 
                   Georgina Campbell

 

     (11/16)
        Matrix peer review “gaming session” 
      Draft prize matrix

 
                   Georgina Campbell, Erika Wagner,

 
                   Senior Director of Prize Development, X PRIZE

Wk 12 (11/21) 
       TEAM TIME


     (11/23)
        TEAM TIME

Wk 13 (11/28)
        TEAM TIME 
                                  Revised prize matrix


       (11/30)
      Presentation dry runs

   
                 Georgina Campbell, team mentors

Wk 14 (12/05)
        TEAM TIME


       (12/07)
      Final Presentations [ROOM/ TIME TBD]

   
   
     
       X PRIZE Board members, senior World Bank representatives,

   
   
     
       senior U.S. Government representatives, sponsors, course faculty,

   
   
     
       and other special guests


Required Readings (available on Stellar, others will be added)
Boudreau, K.J., Lakhani, K.R. (2009) How to Manage Outside Innovation. MIT Sloan
Management Review. 50(4): 68-76.
Christensen, C.M. (1997) Change in the Mechanical Excavator Industry. From: The
Innovator’s Dilemma. New York: Harper Business.
Foster, R. (1986) The S-Curve: A New Forecasting Tool. From Innovation, The Attackers
Advantage. New York: Summit Books, Simon & Schuster.
Kalil, T. (2006) Prizes for Technological Innovation. Brookings Institute Discussion Paper.
http://www1.hamiltonproject.org/views/papers/200612kalil.htm
McKinsey & Company (2009) “And the Winner Is…”: Capturing the Promise of Philanthropic
Prizes.
Moore, G.A. (1999) High-Tech Marketing Illusion. From Crossing the Chasm. New York:
Harper Collins.
Sobel, D. (1995) Longitude: The True Story of a Lone Genius Who Solved the Greatest
Scientific Problem of His Time. New York: Walker Publishing Company.
Stanford Graduate School of Business (2006) X PRIZE Foundation: Revolution Through
Competition. Case: SI-90


Suggested Readings
Brunt L., Lerner J., Nicholas T, 2008, Inducement Prizes and Innovation, Seminar in Law,
Economics,
and Organization Research.
Christensen, C. M., Anthony, S.D., Roth E.A. (2004) Seeing What's Next: Using the Theories
of Innovation to Predict Industry Change. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
Davis, L. (2002) Should We Consider Alternative Incentives for Basic Research? Patents vs.
Prizes. Paper for the Druid Summer Conference on Industrial Dynamics. Copenhagen,
Denmark.
Davis, L. (2004) How Effective Are Prizes as Incentives to Innovation? Evidence from Three
20th Century Contests. Paper for the Druid Summer Conference on Industrial Dynamics.
Copenhagen, Denmark.
Diamandis, P.H. (2009) Using Incentive Prizes to Drive Creativity, Innovation and
Breakthroughs. X PRIZE Foundation: Playa Vista, CA.
Horrobin, D. (1986) Glittering prizes for research support. Nature (324) p. 221.
Lakhani K., Jeppesen L, Lohse P., Panetta J., 2007, The Value of Openness in Scientific
Problem Solving [Report] : Working paper: Harvard Business School.
Morgan, J. (2009) Inducing Innovation Through Prizes. Innovations 3(4):105-117.
National Research Council (2007) Innovation Inducement Prizes at the National Science
Foundation. Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press.
Schrage, M. (1990) How Prizes Can Help Spur New Technology. Los Angeles Times. July 19.
http://articles.latimes.com/1990-07-19/business/fi-135_1_kremer-prize.
Scotchmer S., 2004, Innovation and Incentives. Cambridge: The MIT Press

Utterback, J.M. (1996) Mastering the Dynamics of Innovation, 2nd Edition. Boston: Harvard
Business School Press.

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MIT Xprize Lab Fall 2011 Syllabus

  • 1. EC.421/ESD.172/SP.793 - X PRIZE WORKSHOP: ENERGY INNOVATION CHALLENGES IN THE DEVELOPING WORLD FALL 2011 SYLLABUS MW 11-12:30pm, MIT Room 56-162 Course Director: Georgina Campbell – georgie@alum.mit.edu – Office: MIT Entrepreneurship Center, E40-160, m: 617.768.7626 Course Instructors: Georgina Campbell, Professor Charles Cooney, Professor Fiona Murray Course Website: http://stellar.mit.edu/S/course/ESD/fa11/ESD.172/ Course Description:  In 2004, the Ansari X PRIZE for suborbital spaceflight captured the public's imagination, leveraging a $10M prize into over $100M in innovation. Now the X PRIZE Foundation is developing new prizes to focus innovation around other "Grand Challenge" themes, including genomics, energy, health care, and education. Around the world, prizes are gathering steam as tools for public policy, as well as philanthropy and corporate innovation. Our interdisciplinary X PRIZE course this fall challenges the world to develop revolutionary breakthroughs in the interlinking areas of energy and the developing world. This is not a theoretical exercise, but a real opportunity to design a $10M prize for incentivizing energy breakthroughs in the developing world whilst adding essential tools to your innovation toolkit. Together with industry leaders and maverick innovators, we will examine the intersection of incentives and innovation, drawing on economic models, historic examples, and analytic tools, and pitch your ideas to members of the X PRIZE Foundation Board of Directors and global energy leaders at the World Bank.  Learning Objectives After taking ESD.172, students should be able to: • Articulate the features of incentive prizes and contexts in which they are most effective • Describe incentive prizes in the context of existing economic models of innovation • Analyze effective areas for investment of limited resources • Understand the diversity of opportunities for improvements in energy-related issues in the developing world • Understand the technological and systems-level blockages to energy-related improvements in developing world • Develop deep knowledge of a particular energy innovation issue in the developing world through the term project • Work effectively in teams • Present their concepts clearly and concisely in both written and oral form Course Format: This 9-unit course will be highly action-oriented and interactive, with a team-based term project due at the end of the semester. Twice-weekly workshops include a mixture of lectures and discussions with experts on innovation, incentive structures, and opportunities for revolution in developing world energy systems.
  • 2. Team Project: Groups of 3-5 students will work together to analyze an area relevant to energy generation, transmission, distribution, storage and use in the developing world. The ultimate goal here is for students to develop a fully-formed X PRIZE concept to incentivize revolutionary energy innovation breakthroughs in the developing world. Course instructors will work together with the teams to identify local experts as team mentors/advisors. It is anticipated that each team will meet with their advisors a minimum of two times during the course of the semester. Grading: Class grades will be assigned on the basis of homework, project performance, and class participation, as follows: 15% participation 40% project milestones 15% homework 30% final project
  • 3. Theme/Week Topic Assignment Due Incentive Prizes Wk 1 (9/07) Importance of Prizes in the Innovation Toolkit Georgina Campbell Wk 2 (9/12) X PRIZE introduction Stanford Case Study,Kalil Peter Diamandis, Founder X PRIZE (Skype) 2009 (9/14) Prize History and Landscape McKinsey study, Lakhani, Georgina Campbell Lerner 2008 Energy Challenges in the Developing World Wk 3 (9/19) Introduction to problem identification & Class pitches problem solving Georgina Campbell Irina Sigalovsky, Gen3 (9/21) No class- student holiday Wk 4 (9/26) In context: Lightning Africa TBD reading Kate Steel, Africa Unit, World Bank (9/28) In context: Clean Cooking Initiative TBD reading Srilata Kammila, Africa Unit, World Bank Wk 5(10/03) Energy Challenges in the Developing World TBD reading Historical Prize Summary (10/05) Prize analysis & design I Term project: elevator Irina Sigalovsky, Gen3 pitches Wk 6 (10/10) No class- Columbus Day (10/12) Innovation: A Public & Private Perspective Team Contracts,resources, Jen Gustatic, PhaseOne advisors Wk 7 (10/17) Prize analysis & design II G3:ID Assignment 1 Irina Sigalovsky, Gen3 (10/19) Prize analysis & design III G3:ID Assignment 2 Irina Sigalovsky, Gen3 Wk 8 (10/24) Green Town Labs Tour (Sip Week) (10/26) Motivations for Innovation (Sip Week) Readings TBD Georgina Campbell Steve Isakowitz, VP & CTO, Virgin Galactic (date to be confirmed)
  • 4. Wk 9 (10/31) MID-TERM TEAM PRESENTATIONS (11/02) IDEO Brainstorm Readings TBD Jeff Chaplin, David Privitera Wk 10 (11/07) Communicating Innovation Readings TBD G. Nagesh, Director of Business Development & Government Policy, OnGreen (11/09) Incentives and Innovation Readings TBD Professor Fiona Murray Wk 11 (11/14) X PRIZE critique X PRIZE critique Georgina Campbell (11/16) Matrix peer review “gaming session” Draft prize matrix Georgina Campbell, Erika Wagner, Senior Director of Prize Development, X PRIZE Wk 12 (11/21) TEAM TIME (11/23) TEAM TIME Wk 13 (11/28) TEAM TIME Revised prize matrix (11/30) Presentation dry runs Georgina Campbell, team mentors Wk 14 (12/05) TEAM TIME (12/07) Final Presentations [ROOM/ TIME TBD] X PRIZE Board members, senior World Bank representatives, senior U.S. Government representatives, sponsors, course faculty, and other special guests Required Readings (available on Stellar, others will be added) Boudreau, K.J., Lakhani, K.R. (2009) How to Manage Outside Innovation. MIT Sloan Management Review. 50(4): 68-76. Christensen, C.M. (1997) Change in the Mechanical Excavator Industry. From: The Innovator’s Dilemma. New York: Harper Business. Foster, R. (1986) The S-Curve: A New Forecasting Tool. From Innovation, The Attackers Advantage. New York: Summit Books, Simon & Schuster. Kalil, T. (2006) Prizes for Technological Innovation. Brookings Institute Discussion Paper. http://www1.hamiltonproject.org/views/papers/200612kalil.htm McKinsey & Company (2009) “And the Winner Is…”: Capturing the Promise of Philanthropic Prizes. Moore, G.A. (1999) High-Tech Marketing Illusion. From Crossing the Chasm. New York: Harper Collins.
  • 5. Sobel, D. (1995) Longitude: The True Story of a Lone Genius Who Solved the Greatest Scientific Problem of His Time. New York: Walker Publishing Company. Stanford Graduate School of Business (2006) X PRIZE Foundation: Revolution Through Competition. Case: SI-90 Suggested Readings Brunt L., Lerner J., Nicholas T, 2008, Inducement Prizes and Innovation, Seminar in Law, Economics, and Organization Research. Christensen, C. M., Anthony, S.D., Roth E.A. (2004) Seeing What's Next: Using the Theories of Innovation to Predict Industry Change. Boston: Harvard Business School Press. Davis, L. (2002) Should We Consider Alternative Incentives for Basic Research? Patents vs. Prizes. Paper for the Druid Summer Conference on Industrial Dynamics. Copenhagen, Denmark. Davis, L. (2004) How Effective Are Prizes as Incentives to Innovation? Evidence from Three 20th Century Contests. Paper for the Druid Summer Conference on Industrial Dynamics. Copenhagen, Denmark. Diamandis, P.H. (2009) Using Incentive Prizes to Drive Creativity, Innovation and Breakthroughs. X PRIZE Foundation: Playa Vista, CA. Horrobin, D. (1986) Glittering prizes for research support. Nature (324) p. 221. Lakhani K., Jeppesen L, Lohse P., Panetta J., 2007, The Value of Openness in Scientific Problem Solving [Report] : Working paper: Harvard Business School. Morgan, J. (2009) Inducing Innovation Through Prizes. Innovations 3(4):105-117. National Research Council (2007) Innovation Inducement Prizes at the National Science Foundation. Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press. Schrage, M. (1990) How Prizes Can Help Spur New Technology. Los Angeles Times. July 19. http://articles.latimes.com/1990-07-19/business/fi-135_1_kremer-prize. Scotchmer S., 2004, Innovation and Incentives. Cambridge: The MIT Press Utterback, J.M. (1996) Mastering the Dynamics of Innovation, 2nd Edition. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.