2. Term coined by WILLIAM HORNADY (1913)
Book named “OUR VANISHING WILD LIFE”
3. DEFENITIONS
Webster's dictionary
-”as living things that are neither human nor
domesticated specially mammals, birds and fishes
hunted by man.”
IBWL(1970)
-”as the entire native uncultivated flora and fauna
of the country”
Wild life protection act(1972)
-”any animal – bees, butterflies, crustacean, fishes
and moth- and aquatic and land vegetation which
form a part of any habitat.”
4. INDIA
Home of
- 7.6% of mammals
- 12.6% of birds
- 6.2% of reptiles
- 6% of flowering plants
--- 172% of IUCN recommended threatened
species are seen in INDIA
5. IMPORTANCE OF WILD LIFE
-maintenance of biodiversity
-good source of income as tourism, wildlife products
-good genetic resource
-genetic, species and ecosystem level biodiversity of
organisms
-ample materials for scientific studies and researches
-aesthetic and recreational value
6. REASONS FOR EXTINCTION
NATURAL ANTRAPOGENIC
• Forest fire • Deforestation
• Earthquake • Pollution
• Successional • Hunting
progress • Fetching of trees
• Flood • Sand mining
• Draught • Depletion of
• Diseases habitats
• Climatic variation • Desertification etc..
etc..
7. MAJOR REASONS FOR WILD LIFE
DESTRUCTION
Holocene mass
destruction
HABITAT
OVERKILL
DESTRUCTION
INTRODUCTION
CHAINS OF
OF NEW
DESTRUCTION
SPECIES
8.
9. DEFENITIONS
The journal of wildlife
management(1957)
- it is a part of the greater movement
for conservation of our entire native
flora and fauna
Aldo Leopold(1933) in his book
“Game management”
- “ …the art of making land produce
sustained annual crops to wild games
for recreational use”
10. PRINCIPLES OF WILD LIFE MANAGEMENT
• area
Maintenance of Managing desirable &
• No. of organisms succession stages • Prevention of undesirable species
hunting
• Preservation of • Reforestation • reintroduction of
each community • Control of diseases endemic species
( from pioneer to • Managing exotic
climax Control & species
Carrying capacity community) preservation of
habitat
11. Aims of wildlife
Protection of natural habitats through management
controlled, limited exploitation of
species
Maintenance of the viable number of
species in the protected areas
Establishment of biosphere reserves for
plants and animals
Protection through legislation
14. Bombay Natural History
Society(BNHS)
• Founded in 1883
• Collection of specimens of flora and
fauna of India, Burma and Sreelanka
Wildlife Preservation Society
of India
• Founded in 1958
• Protection of habitats of rare and
endangered species
15. World Wildlife Fund- Nature India(WWF)
• World level 1961(Glands, Switzerland)
• Recommended by IUCN
• In India 1969 (Bombay)
• In Kerala 1986
16. WORKS OF NGOS
Pilighit, Uttarpradesh
30 tigers, 127 animals, 556 bird species, and 2100
flowering plants
6 million people depend on this forest for their livelihood
The area is of high conservation value
NGOs organized PSS [Paryavaran Sudhar Santhan]
Aims
-protection of wildlife, endangered sp. And habitat
-surveying, implementing and monitoring conservation
programs
Supported by
-WWF-tiger emergency fund
-UP Forest Department
17.
18. Central Board for Wildlife(CBWL) in 1952
Redesignated as Indian Board for Wildlife(IBWL)
- advisory committee to govt. in the subject of
wildlife
Legislation in 1972 Wildlife (protection) act
- endemic and endangered fauna
- setting up NPs and WLSs
- State wildlife advisory board
- trade of wild animals and their products
- regulation of hunting
19. Amendment of 1991
included flora under the act
Later in 1993 and 2002
Creation of 2 types of reserves
1. community reserves
2. conservation reserves
42nd amendment of Constitution in 1976
brought wildlife and forest under concurrent list
India become a party in CITES in 1976
Control in the trade of endangered species
Conservation of threatened species
Project tiger(1973)
Project elephant(1992)
Project crocodile
Rehabilitation of Rhinos
20.
21. Amendment of Wildlife (protection) act
2002
State government can declare conservation
reserves
Under IBWL, each state has a State Board
for Wild Life
it can advise the state government
In selection and management of protected areas
In the formation of policies for protection
In harmonizing the measures of protection with
the needs of local people
Any matter connected with wildlife