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BAIT1003 IT
Fundamentals
Chapter 3
Input Devices
Objectives
Pointing
Devices
Keyboard

Voice Input

Input
Devices

Biometric
Input

Terminals

Scanners &
Reading
Devices

Digital
Cameras

Video Input
What is input?
• Input is any data and instructions entered into
the memory of a computer
What is input?
Instructions entered into the computer can be in the form
of:
– Program
• It is a series of related instructions that tell a computer
what tasks to perform and how to perform them.

– Command
• Program respond to command that a user issues. A
command is an instruction that causes a program to
perform a specific action.

– User response
• It is an instruction a user issues by replying to a question
displayed by a program.
What is input?
What are Input Devices?
• An input device is any hardware component that allows
users to enter data and instructions into a computer.
• Examples:
1. Keyboard
2. Pointing Devices
3. Voice Input
4. Digital Cameras
5. Video Input
6. Scanners and Reading Devices
7. Terminals
8. Biometric Input
What are Input Devices? Examples
Keyboard
• A keyboard is an input device that
contains keys users press to enter data
and instructions into a computer
Keyboard
Desktop computer keyboards typically have 101 to
105 keys.
Keyboard features:
 All desktop computer keyboards have a typing are
that includes the letters of the
alphabet, numbers, punctuation marks, and other
basic keys.
 A numeric keypad is a calculator-style
arrangement of keys representing numbers, a
decimal point, and some basic mathematics
operators.
Keyboard
Keyboard features:
 Function keys, which are labelled with the letter F
followed by a number are special keys programmed to
issue commands to a computer.
 E.g. COPY SHIFT+F2
 E.g. OPEN CTRL+F12
 A toggle key is a key that switches between 2 states
each time a user presses the key.
 E.g. press the NUM LOCK key, it locks the numeric
keypad so you can use the keypad to type numbers.
 The insertion point, also known as the cursor, is a
symbol on the screen that indicates where the next
character you type will appear.
Keyboard
Keyboard
• Insertion point
Keyboard
Keyboard connect through the following:
Wired
Keyboards

Wireless
Keyboards

USB port

Bluetooth

IrDA
Keyboard
Types of keyboard:
 An enhanced keyboard has 12 function keys, 2
CTRL keys, 2 ALT keys, and a set of arrow and
additional keys between the typing area and
numeric keypad. (Most of today’s desktop PC
keyboards)
 A wireless keyboard or cordless keyboard is a
battery-powered device that transmits data using
wireless technology, such as radio waves or
infrared light waves.
Keyboard
• Ergonomic keyboard has a design that
reduces the chance of the wrist and hand
injuries. The goal of ergonomic is to
incorporate comfort, efficiency and safety into
the design of items in the workplace.
Keyboard
Keyboard for mobile computers & mobile devices
• On notebook computers and other mobile devices
the keyboard is built in the top of the system unit.
• Keyboards on mobile devices typically are smaller
and/or have fewer keys.
• Some phones have predictive text input, which
saves time when entering text using the phone’s
keypad.
Pointing Devices
• A pointing device is an input device that allows a user
to control a pointer on the screen.
• A pointing device can be used to move the insertion
point, select text, graphics, and other objects; click
buttons, icons, links, and menu command.
• Examples:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Mouse
Trackball
Touch pad
Pointing stick
Light pen
Touch screen
Pen input
Pointing Devices - Mouse
• A mouse is a pointing device that fits under
the palm of your hand comfortably.
 The top and sides of the mouse has one to
four buttons; some also have a small wheel.
 The bottom of a mouse is flat and contains a
mechanism that detects movement of the
mouse.
• A mouse can be wired or wireless.
Pointing Devices - Mouse
• With a mouse, users control the movement of
the pointer, often called a mouse pointer.
 Use the mouse to move the pointer on the screen
to an object such as button, a menu, an icon, a
link, or text. Then, you may press a mouse button
to perform a certain action associated with that
object.
Pointing Devices - Mouse
• Mouse operations includes:
Point

Triple-click
Free-spin
wheel

Click

Drag

Press wheel

Right-click

Double-click

Right-drag

Rotate
wheel

Tilt wheel

Press thumb
button
Pointing Devices - Mouse
• Types of mouse:
– Optical mouse
– Laser mouse
– Air mouse
– Wireless mouse/
cordless mouse

Optical Mouse

Mechanical Mouse

Air Mouse
Pointing Devices - Mouse
Optical mouse
• The mouse has no moving mechanical
parts inside; it uses devices that emit and
sense light to detect the mouse’s
movement .
Pointing Devices - Mouse
Laser mouse
• Uses a laser and more
expensive than optical
mouse.
• Can place on nearly all
types of flat surface.
Pointing Devices - Mouse
Air mouse
• A newer type of
mouse, is a motionsensing mouse, with
the typical buttons
allow you to control
objects, media
players, and slide
shows by moving the
mouse in
predetermined
directions through the

Air navigation via a combination of
microelectromechanical systems
(MEMS) sensors, digital signal
processing technology (DSP) and radio
frequency (RF) wireless technology.
Using these technologies, the users
hold the mouse any way they please
while pointing it in any
direction, though they must be within
30 feet of their computers
Pointing Devices - Mouse
Wireless mouse/cordless mouse
• It is a battery-powered device
that transmits data using
wireless technology, such as
radio waves (Bluetooth) or
infrared light waves (IrDA).
Pointing Devices – Trackball






It is a stationary pointing device
with a ball on its top or side.
 The ball in most trackballs is
about the size of a Ping-Pong
ball.

To move the pointer using a
trackball, you rotate the ball with
your thumb, fingers, or the palm
of you hand.
Trackball is good because we do
not have to move the entire
device.
Pointing Devices – Touchpad




It is a
small, flat, rectangular
pointing device that is
sensitive to pressure and
motion.
To move the pointer using
a touchpad, you slide your
fingertip across the surface
of the pad.
Pointing Devices – Pointing stick




It is a pressure-sensitive
pointing device shaped like
a pencil eraser that is
positioned between keys
on a keyboard.
To move the pointer using
a pointing stick, you push
the pointing stick with
your finger.
Touch Screens & Touch-Sensitive Pads
• A touch screen is a touch-sensitive display
device.
Touch Screens & Touch-Sensitive Pads






It is a monitor that has a
touch–sensitive panel on the
screen. Users interact with
these devices by touching areas
of the screen with a finger or a
stylus.
Touch screens are not used to
enter large amount of data.
Kiosks often have touch
screens, which normally
located in
stores, hotel, airport, museums
and etc.
Touch Screens & Touch-Sensitive Pads


The touch-sensitive pad on a portable
media player is an input device that
enables users to scroll through and
play music, view pictures, watch
videos or movie, adjust volume, and
customize settings.
Touch Screens & Touch-Sensitive Pads
Microsoft Surface
Touch-sensitive pads
Pen Input
• With pen
input, you use a
stylus or digital
pen on a flat
surface to
write, draw, or
make selections
Pen Input




Stylus is a small metal or
plastic device that looks
like a tiny ink pen but
uses pressure instead of
ink.
A digital pen, which is
slightly larger than a
stylus, is available in two
forms: some are
pressure-sensitive; others
have built in digital
cameras.
Pen Input




A graphics tablet is a
flat, rectangular, electro
nic plastic board.
Architects, mapmakers,
designers, and artists
create drawings and
sketches by using a
pressure sensitive pen
or a cursor on a
graphics tablet.
Game Controllers
• Video games and
computer games
use a game
controller as the
input device that
directs
movements and
actions of onscreen objects.
Game Controllers – Game pads


A gamepad, which
is held with both
hands, controls the
controls the
movement and
actions of players
or object in video
games or computer
games.
Game Controllers – Joystick &
Wheel




A joystick is a handheld vertical
lever mounted on a base. You
move the lever in different
directions to control the action
of the simulated vehicle or
player.
Wheel is a steering-wheel-type
input device. Users turn the
wheel to simulate driving a
car, truck or other vehicle. Most
wheels also include foot pedals
for acceleration and braking
action.
Game Controllers – Light Guns
• A light gun is used to shoot target and moving
objects after you pull the trigger on the weapon.
• Most light guns work by detecting light.
Game Controllers – Dance Pads
• A dance pad is flat
electronic device
divide into panels
that users press with
their feet in
response to
instructions from a
music video game.
Game Controllers – Motionsensing game controllers
• It allow the user to
guide on screen
elements by moving
a hand held input
device in
predetermined
directions through
the air.
• Example: sport
games
Digital Cameras
• A digital camera is a mobile device
that allows users to take pictures
and store them digitally.
 Digital cameras typically allow users
to review, and sometimes edit
images while they are in the camera.
 Some digital cameras connect
directly to or communicate directly
with a printer or television. This
feature eliminates the need to copy
images to a computer’s hard disk.
Digital Cameras
Digital Cameras
Two factors affect the quality of digital camera
photos:
Resolution

Resolution is the number of horizontal and
vertical pictures in a display device. A pixel is
the smallest element in an electronic display

Number of bits it
stores in a pixel

Each pixel consists of one or more bits of data
The more bits used to represent a pixel, the
more colors and shades of gray that can be
represented.
Digital Cameras
Voice Input
• Voice input is the process of
entering input by speaking into a
microphone.
• Voice recognition is the computer’s
capability of distinguishing spoken
words.
– Example of popular voice recognition
programs for personal computer
include IBM ViaVoice and Dragon Naturally
Speaking

– It does not understand speech. They
only recognize a vocabulary of preprogrammed words.
Voice Input
Audio input
• It is the process of entering any sound into the
computer such as speech, music, and other
sound effects.
• To enter high quality sound into a personal
computer, the computer must have a sound card.
• Users enter sound into computer via devices
such as microphones, tape players,
CD/DVD/Blue-ray Disc players, radio, each of
which plugs in a port on the sound card.
Video Input
• Video input is the process of capturing full-motion
images and storing them on a computer’s storage
medium such as a hard disk or optical disc.
• To enter video from analog devices, the analog signal
must be converted to a digital signal. To do this, plug a
video camera, VCR or anolog video device into a video
capture port on the system unit.
– Video capture card converts an analog video signal into a
digital signal that a computer can use.

• A digital video (DV) camera records video as digital
signals instead of analog signal.
Video Input (Example)

Home users can
transfer videos to
their computers
and then use
video editing
software to edit
the video.
Video Input
• A Web cam is a type of digital video camera that
enables a user to:

Capture video and
still images

Send e-mail
messages with
video attachments

Broadcast live
images over the
Internet

Add live images to
instant messages

Make video
telephone calls
Video Input
• A video conference is a meeting between two or
more geographically separated people who use a
network or the Internet to transmit audio and video
data.
• A whiteboard is another window on the screen that
display notes and drawings simultaneously on all
participants screen.
Scanners & Reading Devices




Devices that can capture data directly from a
source documents instead of manually data entry.
Devices that can capture data directly from a source
document include:
1. Optical scanners
2. Optical readers
3. Bar codes scanners
4. RFID readers
5. Magnetic strip card reader
6. Magnetic-ink characters recognition readers
(MICR)
Scanners & Reading Devices –
Optical Scanners




Usually called a
scanner, is a lightsensing input
device that reads
printed text and
graphics and then
translates the
results into a form
the computer can
process.
Four types:

Flatbed
Pen or Handheld
Sheet-fed
Drum
Scanners & Reading Devices –
Optical Scanners
Flatbed

Pen or handheld

• Similar to a copy machine
• Scanning mechanism passes under the
item to be scanned, which is placed on a
glass surface.






Move pen over text to be scanned, and
then transfer data to computer.
Ideal for mobile users, students and
researcher.
Some connect to a smart phone.
Scanners & Reading Devices –
Optical Scanners
Sheet-Fed






Drum






Item to be scanned is pulled into a
stationary scanning mechanism.
Smaller than a flatbed scanner
Some models designed specifically for
photographs are called a photo
scanner.
Item to be scanned rotates around
stationary scanning mechanism.
Very expensive
Used in large business.
Scanners & Reading Devices –
Optical Readers
• It is a device that uses a light source to
read characters, marks, and codes and
then converts them into digital data that
can be processed by the computer.
• Two technology used by optical readers are
as follow:
1. Optical Character Recognition (OCR)
2. Optical Mark Recognition (OMR)
Scanners & Reading Devices –
Optical Scanners
Optical Character Recognition (OCR)
• It is a technology that involves reading typewritten, computer
printed, or hand-printed characters from ordinary documents and
translating the images into a form that the computer can process.
– OCR devices include a small optical scanner for reading characters
and sophisticated software for analysing what is read.
– OCR devices read printed characters in an OCR font.

Application:
• A turnaround document is a document you return to the company that
creates and sends it. For example, when consumers receive a bill, they
often tear off a portion of the bill and send it back to the company with
their payment.
Scanners & Reading Devices –
Optical Scanners
Scanners & Reading Devices –
Optical Scanners
How OCR works?
 During the scan of documents, an OCR device
determines the shapes of characters by detecting
patterns of light and dark.


OCR software then compares these shapes with
predefined shapes stored in memory and
converts the shapes into characters the
computer can process.
Scanners & Reading Devices –
Optical Scanners
Optical Mark Recognition (OMR)
• It is a technology that reads hand-drawn marks
such as small circles or rectangles.

Example:
 A person places these marks on a form, such
as a test, survey, or questionnaire answer
sheet.
 The OMR devices first scan the answer key
sheet to record correct answers based on
patterns of light.
 The OMR device then scans the remaining
documents and matches their patterns of light
against the answer key sheet.
Scanners & Reading Devices –
Bar Code Scanners
• A bar code reader, also called a bar
code scanner uses laser beams to
read bar codes by using light pattern
that pass through the bar code lines.
• A bar code is an identification code
that consists of a set of vertical lines
and spaces of different widths.
• The bar code represents data that
identifies the manufacturer and the
item.
• The bar code is printed on a product’s
package or on a label that is affixed to
a product.
Scanners & Reading Devices –
RFID Reader
• RFID (radio frequency identification) uses radio signals to
communicate with a tag placed in or attached to an object



RFID tags contain a memory chip and an antenna.
An RFID reader reads information on the tag via radio waves. RFID readers
can be handheld devices or mounted in a stationary object such as a
doorway.

Alternative to bar code identification because it does not require
direct contact.
• RFID can:


–
–
–
–

Tracking times of runners in a marathon
Tracking location of soldiers
Airline baggage
tracking payment as vehicle pass through booths on toll way system.
Scanners & Reading Devices –
Magnetic Stripe Card Reader






It reads the magnetic stripe on the back of
credit cards, entrainment cards, bank cards
and other similar cards.
The stripe, which is divided in three
horizontal tracks, contains information
identifying you and the card issuer.
 Example: name, account number, and
card’s expiration date
When a consumer swipes credit card through
the magstripe reader, it reads the information
stored on the magnetic stripe on the card.
Scanners & Reading Devices –
Magnetic Ink Character Recognition
• MICR (magnetic ink character recognition) devices
read text printed with magnetized ink.
• An MICR reader converts MICR characters into a form
the computer can process.
• Application: Banking industry uses MICR for check
processing
Each check has
precoded MICR
characters beginning
at the lower left
edge.
Scanners & Reading Devices –
Magnetic Ink Character Recognition
Example: Use of MICR in Check Processing
 When a bank receives a check for payment, it uses an MICR
inscriber to print amount of the check in MICR characters in
the lower right corner.
 The check then is sorted or routed to the customer’s bank.
 Each check is inserted in an MICR reader for processing.
Scanners & Reading Devices –
Data Collection Devices
• A data collection device obtains data directly at
the location where the transaction or even take
place.
• It has the capability of wirelessly transmitting
data over a network or the Internet.
• Example:
– Factories and retail stores use data collection
device to take inventory and order products.
Biometric Input
• It is the technology of authenticating a person’s
identity by verifying a personal characteristic.
 Biometric devices translate a personal
characteristic into a digital code that is compared
with a digital code stored in the computer.
 If the digital code in the computer does not
match the personal characteristic’s code, the
computer denies access to the individual.
Biometric Input
Fingerprint reader

Capture curves and indentations of a
fingerprint.

Face recognition system

Capture a live face image and compares
it with a stored image to determine if the
person is legitimate user.
Biometric Input
Hand geometry system

Measure the shape and size of a person’s
hand.

Voice verification system

Compared a person’s live speech with
their stored voice pattern.
Biometric Input
Signature verification
system

Recognized the shape of your
handwritten signature as well as
measures the pressure exerted and the
motion used to write the signature.

Iris recognition system

Read patterns in the iris of the eye.
Terminals






It is a computer usually with limited processing
power, that enable users to send data to and/ or
receive information from a host computer.
A terminal consists of a keyboard, a monitor, a
video card, and memory. Often these
components are housed in a single unit.
3 widely used special purpose terminals are:
1. Point-of-sale (POS) terminal
2. Automated teller machines
3. DVD kiosks
Terminals –
Point-of-sale Terminal




POS terminal to record
purchase, process credit or
debit, and update
inventory.
The POS terminal is a
combination of an
electronic cash register,
barcode reader, and
printer.
Terminals –
Automated Teller Machines


It is a self-service
banking machine
that connects to a
host computer
through a network.
Terminals – DVD Kiosk
It is a self service DVD rental
machine that connect to a
host computer through a
network.
 Touch screen to select
DVD movie.
 Card Reader to read
membership details
 Cash Reader to accept
cash upon purchase
 DVD Dispenser to
dispense the DVD to the
customer
Factors of Selection for Input Devices
Input device choice factors:
• Physiological and psychological characteristics of
users, their training and expertise
– experience levels and training (e.g., typing)
– physiological factors (e.g., vision, arthritis)
• What Tasks to be performed?
– drawing --> continuous movement
– selecting menu options --> discrete movement
• Work and environment
– speech input and noise levels
– dust
– physical security
Summary
• This chapter
described
various
techniques of
entering input
and several
commonly used
input devices.

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BAIT1003 Chapter 3

  • 3. What is input? • Input is any data and instructions entered into the memory of a computer
  • 4. What is input? Instructions entered into the computer can be in the form of: – Program • It is a series of related instructions that tell a computer what tasks to perform and how to perform them. – Command • Program respond to command that a user issues. A command is an instruction that causes a program to perform a specific action. – User response • It is an instruction a user issues by replying to a question displayed by a program.
  • 6. What are Input Devices? • An input device is any hardware component that allows users to enter data and instructions into a computer. • Examples: 1. Keyboard 2. Pointing Devices 3. Voice Input 4. Digital Cameras 5. Video Input 6. Scanners and Reading Devices 7. Terminals 8. Biometric Input
  • 7. What are Input Devices? Examples
  • 8. Keyboard • A keyboard is an input device that contains keys users press to enter data and instructions into a computer
  • 9. Keyboard Desktop computer keyboards typically have 101 to 105 keys. Keyboard features:  All desktop computer keyboards have a typing are that includes the letters of the alphabet, numbers, punctuation marks, and other basic keys.  A numeric keypad is a calculator-style arrangement of keys representing numbers, a decimal point, and some basic mathematics operators.
  • 10. Keyboard Keyboard features:  Function keys, which are labelled with the letter F followed by a number are special keys programmed to issue commands to a computer.  E.g. COPY SHIFT+F2  E.g. OPEN CTRL+F12  A toggle key is a key that switches between 2 states each time a user presses the key.  E.g. press the NUM LOCK key, it locks the numeric keypad so you can use the keypad to type numbers.  The insertion point, also known as the cursor, is a symbol on the screen that indicates where the next character you type will appear.
  • 13. Keyboard Keyboard connect through the following: Wired Keyboards Wireless Keyboards USB port Bluetooth IrDA
  • 14. Keyboard Types of keyboard:  An enhanced keyboard has 12 function keys, 2 CTRL keys, 2 ALT keys, and a set of arrow and additional keys between the typing area and numeric keypad. (Most of today’s desktop PC keyboards)  A wireless keyboard or cordless keyboard is a battery-powered device that transmits data using wireless technology, such as radio waves or infrared light waves.
  • 15. Keyboard • Ergonomic keyboard has a design that reduces the chance of the wrist and hand injuries. The goal of ergonomic is to incorporate comfort, efficiency and safety into the design of items in the workplace.
  • 16. Keyboard Keyboard for mobile computers & mobile devices • On notebook computers and other mobile devices the keyboard is built in the top of the system unit. • Keyboards on mobile devices typically are smaller and/or have fewer keys. • Some phones have predictive text input, which saves time when entering text using the phone’s keypad.
  • 17. Pointing Devices • A pointing device is an input device that allows a user to control a pointer on the screen. • A pointing device can be used to move the insertion point, select text, graphics, and other objects; click buttons, icons, links, and menu command. • Examples: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Mouse Trackball Touch pad Pointing stick Light pen Touch screen Pen input
  • 18. Pointing Devices - Mouse • A mouse is a pointing device that fits under the palm of your hand comfortably.  The top and sides of the mouse has one to four buttons; some also have a small wheel.  The bottom of a mouse is flat and contains a mechanism that detects movement of the mouse. • A mouse can be wired or wireless.
  • 19. Pointing Devices - Mouse • With a mouse, users control the movement of the pointer, often called a mouse pointer.  Use the mouse to move the pointer on the screen to an object such as button, a menu, an icon, a link, or text. Then, you may press a mouse button to perform a certain action associated with that object.
  • 20. Pointing Devices - Mouse • Mouse operations includes: Point Triple-click Free-spin wheel Click Drag Press wheel Right-click Double-click Right-drag Rotate wheel Tilt wheel Press thumb button
  • 21. Pointing Devices - Mouse • Types of mouse: – Optical mouse – Laser mouse – Air mouse – Wireless mouse/ cordless mouse Optical Mouse Mechanical Mouse Air Mouse
  • 22. Pointing Devices - Mouse Optical mouse • The mouse has no moving mechanical parts inside; it uses devices that emit and sense light to detect the mouse’s movement .
  • 23. Pointing Devices - Mouse Laser mouse • Uses a laser and more expensive than optical mouse. • Can place on nearly all types of flat surface.
  • 24. Pointing Devices - Mouse Air mouse • A newer type of mouse, is a motionsensing mouse, with the typical buttons allow you to control objects, media players, and slide shows by moving the mouse in predetermined directions through the Air navigation via a combination of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) sensors, digital signal processing technology (DSP) and radio frequency (RF) wireless technology. Using these technologies, the users hold the mouse any way they please while pointing it in any direction, though they must be within 30 feet of their computers
  • 25. Pointing Devices - Mouse Wireless mouse/cordless mouse • It is a battery-powered device that transmits data using wireless technology, such as radio waves (Bluetooth) or infrared light waves (IrDA).
  • 26. Pointing Devices – Trackball    It is a stationary pointing device with a ball on its top or side.  The ball in most trackballs is about the size of a Ping-Pong ball. To move the pointer using a trackball, you rotate the ball with your thumb, fingers, or the palm of you hand. Trackball is good because we do not have to move the entire device.
  • 27. Pointing Devices – Touchpad   It is a small, flat, rectangular pointing device that is sensitive to pressure and motion. To move the pointer using a touchpad, you slide your fingertip across the surface of the pad.
  • 28. Pointing Devices – Pointing stick   It is a pressure-sensitive pointing device shaped like a pencil eraser that is positioned between keys on a keyboard. To move the pointer using a pointing stick, you push the pointing stick with your finger.
  • 29. Touch Screens & Touch-Sensitive Pads • A touch screen is a touch-sensitive display device.
  • 30. Touch Screens & Touch-Sensitive Pads    It is a monitor that has a touch–sensitive panel on the screen. Users interact with these devices by touching areas of the screen with a finger or a stylus. Touch screens are not used to enter large amount of data. Kiosks often have touch screens, which normally located in stores, hotel, airport, museums and etc.
  • 31. Touch Screens & Touch-Sensitive Pads  The touch-sensitive pad on a portable media player is an input device that enables users to scroll through and play music, view pictures, watch videos or movie, adjust volume, and customize settings.
  • 32. Touch Screens & Touch-Sensitive Pads Microsoft Surface Touch-sensitive pads
  • 33. Pen Input • With pen input, you use a stylus or digital pen on a flat surface to write, draw, or make selections
  • 34. Pen Input   Stylus is a small metal or plastic device that looks like a tiny ink pen but uses pressure instead of ink. A digital pen, which is slightly larger than a stylus, is available in two forms: some are pressure-sensitive; others have built in digital cameras.
  • 35. Pen Input   A graphics tablet is a flat, rectangular, electro nic plastic board. Architects, mapmakers, designers, and artists create drawings and sketches by using a pressure sensitive pen or a cursor on a graphics tablet.
  • 36. Game Controllers • Video games and computer games use a game controller as the input device that directs movements and actions of onscreen objects.
  • 37. Game Controllers – Game pads  A gamepad, which is held with both hands, controls the controls the movement and actions of players or object in video games or computer games.
  • 38. Game Controllers – Joystick & Wheel   A joystick is a handheld vertical lever mounted on a base. You move the lever in different directions to control the action of the simulated vehicle or player. Wheel is a steering-wheel-type input device. Users turn the wheel to simulate driving a car, truck or other vehicle. Most wheels also include foot pedals for acceleration and braking action.
  • 39. Game Controllers – Light Guns • A light gun is used to shoot target and moving objects after you pull the trigger on the weapon. • Most light guns work by detecting light.
  • 40. Game Controllers – Dance Pads • A dance pad is flat electronic device divide into panels that users press with their feet in response to instructions from a music video game.
  • 41. Game Controllers – Motionsensing game controllers • It allow the user to guide on screen elements by moving a hand held input device in predetermined directions through the air. • Example: sport games
  • 42. Digital Cameras • A digital camera is a mobile device that allows users to take pictures and store them digitally.  Digital cameras typically allow users to review, and sometimes edit images while they are in the camera.  Some digital cameras connect directly to or communicate directly with a printer or television. This feature eliminates the need to copy images to a computer’s hard disk.
  • 44. Digital Cameras Two factors affect the quality of digital camera photos: Resolution Resolution is the number of horizontal and vertical pictures in a display device. A pixel is the smallest element in an electronic display Number of bits it stores in a pixel Each pixel consists of one or more bits of data The more bits used to represent a pixel, the more colors and shades of gray that can be represented.
  • 46. Voice Input • Voice input is the process of entering input by speaking into a microphone. • Voice recognition is the computer’s capability of distinguishing spoken words. – Example of popular voice recognition programs for personal computer include IBM ViaVoice and Dragon Naturally Speaking – It does not understand speech. They only recognize a vocabulary of preprogrammed words.
  • 47. Voice Input Audio input • It is the process of entering any sound into the computer such as speech, music, and other sound effects. • To enter high quality sound into a personal computer, the computer must have a sound card. • Users enter sound into computer via devices such as microphones, tape players, CD/DVD/Blue-ray Disc players, radio, each of which plugs in a port on the sound card.
  • 48. Video Input • Video input is the process of capturing full-motion images and storing them on a computer’s storage medium such as a hard disk or optical disc. • To enter video from analog devices, the analog signal must be converted to a digital signal. To do this, plug a video camera, VCR or anolog video device into a video capture port on the system unit. – Video capture card converts an analog video signal into a digital signal that a computer can use. • A digital video (DV) camera records video as digital signals instead of analog signal.
  • 49. Video Input (Example) Home users can transfer videos to their computers and then use video editing software to edit the video.
  • 50. Video Input • A Web cam is a type of digital video camera that enables a user to: Capture video and still images Send e-mail messages with video attachments Broadcast live images over the Internet Add live images to instant messages Make video telephone calls
  • 51. Video Input • A video conference is a meeting between two or more geographically separated people who use a network or the Internet to transmit audio and video data. • A whiteboard is another window on the screen that display notes and drawings simultaneously on all participants screen.
  • 52. Scanners & Reading Devices   Devices that can capture data directly from a source documents instead of manually data entry. Devices that can capture data directly from a source document include: 1. Optical scanners 2. Optical readers 3. Bar codes scanners 4. RFID readers 5. Magnetic strip card reader 6. Magnetic-ink characters recognition readers (MICR)
  • 53. Scanners & Reading Devices – Optical Scanners   Usually called a scanner, is a lightsensing input device that reads printed text and graphics and then translates the results into a form the computer can process. Four types: Flatbed Pen or Handheld Sheet-fed Drum
  • 54. Scanners & Reading Devices – Optical Scanners Flatbed Pen or handheld • Similar to a copy machine • Scanning mechanism passes under the item to be scanned, which is placed on a glass surface.    Move pen over text to be scanned, and then transfer data to computer. Ideal for mobile users, students and researcher. Some connect to a smart phone.
  • 55. Scanners & Reading Devices – Optical Scanners Sheet-Fed    Drum    Item to be scanned is pulled into a stationary scanning mechanism. Smaller than a flatbed scanner Some models designed specifically for photographs are called a photo scanner. Item to be scanned rotates around stationary scanning mechanism. Very expensive Used in large business.
  • 56. Scanners & Reading Devices – Optical Readers • It is a device that uses a light source to read characters, marks, and codes and then converts them into digital data that can be processed by the computer. • Two technology used by optical readers are as follow: 1. Optical Character Recognition (OCR) 2. Optical Mark Recognition (OMR)
  • 57. Scanners & Reading Devices – Optical Scanners Optical Character Recognition (OCR) • It is a technology that involves reading typewritten, computer printed, or hand-printed characters from ordinary documents and translating the images into a form that the computer can process. – OCR devices include a small optical scanner for reading characters and sophisticated software for analysing what is read. – OCR devices read printed characters in an OCR font. Application: • A turnaround document is a document you return to the company that creates and sends it. For example, when consumers receive a bill, they often tear off a portion of the bill and send it back to the company with their payment.
  • 58. Scanners & Reading Devices – Optical Scanners
  • 59. Scanners & Reading Devices – Optical Scanners How OCR works?  During the scan of documents, an OCR device determines the shapes of characters by detecting patterns of light and dark.  OCR software then compares these shapes with predefined shapes stored in memory and converts the shapes into characters the computer can process.
  • 60. Scanners & Reading Devices – Optical Scanners Optical Mark Recognition (OMR) • It is a technology that reads hand-drawn marks such as small circles or rectangles.  Example:  A person places these marks on a form, such as a test, survey, or questionnaire answer sheet.  The OMR devices first scan the answer key sheet to record correct answers based on patterns of light.  The OMR device then scans the remaining documents and matches their patterns of light against the answer key sheet.
  • 61. Scanners & Reading Devices – Bar Code Scanners • A bar code reader, also called a bar code scanner uses laser beams to read bar codes by using light pattern that pass through the bar code lines. • A bar code is an identification code that consists of a set of vertical lines and spaces of different widths. • The bar code represents data that identifies the manufacturer and the item. • The bar code is printed on a product’s package or on a label that is affixed to a product.
  • 62. Scanners & Reading Devices – RFID Reader • RFID (radio frequency identification) uses radio signals to communicate with a tag placed in or attached to an object   RFID tags contain a memory chip and an antenna. An RFID reader reads information on the tag via radio waves. RFID readers can be handheld devices or mounted in a stationary object such as a doorway. Alternative to bar code identification because it does not require direct contact. • RFID can:  – – – – Tracking times of runners in a marathon Tracking location of soldiers Airline baggage tracking payment as vehicle pass through booths on toll way system.
  • 63. Scanners & Reading Devices – Magnetic Stripe Card Reader    It reads the magnetic stripe on the back of credit cards, entrainment cards, bank cards and other similar cards. The stripe, which is divided in three horizontal tracks, contains information identifying you and the card issuer.  Example: name, account number, and card’s expiration date When a consumer swipes credit card through the magstripe reader, it reads the information stored on the magnetic stripe on the card.
  • 64. Scanners & Reading Devices – Magnetic Ink Character Recognition • MICR (magnetic ink character recognition) devices read text printed with magnetized ink. • An MICR reader converts MICR characters into a form the computer can process. • Application: Banking industry uses MICR for check processing Each check has precoded MICR characters beginning at the lower left edge.
  • 65. Scanners & Reading Devices – Magnetic Ink Character Recognition Example: Use of MICR in Check Processing  When a bank receives a check for payment, it uses an MICR inscriber to print amount of the check in MICR characters in the lower right corner.  The check then is sorted or routed to the customer’s bank.  Each check is inserted in an MICR reader for processing.
  • 66. Scanners & Reading Devices – Data Collection Devices • A data collection device obtains data directly at the location where the transaction or even take place. • It has the capability of wirelessly transmitting data over a network or the Internet. • Example: – Factories and retail stores use data collection device to take inventory and order products.
  • 67. Biometric Input • It is the technology of authenticating a person’s identity by verifying a personal characteristic.  Biometric devices translate a personal characteristic into a digital code that is compared with a digital code stored in the computer.  If the digital code in the computer does not match the personal characteristic’s code, the computer denies access to the individual.
  • 68. Biometric Input Fingerprint reader Capture curves and indentations of a fingerprint. Face recognition system Capture a live face image and compares it with a stored image to determine if the person is legitimate user.
  • 69. Biometric Input Hand geometry system Measure the shape and size of a person’s hand. Voice verification system Compared a person’s live speech with their stored voice pattern.
  • 70. Biometric Input Signature verification system Recognized the shape of your handwritten signature as well as measures the pressure exerted and the motion used to write the signature. Iris recognition system Read patterns in the iris of the eye.
  • 71. Terminals    It is a computer usually with limited processing power, that enable users to send data to and/ or receive information from a host computer. A terminal consists of a keyboard, a monitor, a video card, and memory. Often these components are housed in a single unit. 3 widely used special purpose terminals are: 1. Point-of-sale (POS) terminal 2. Automated teller machines 3. DVD kiosks
  • 72. Terminals – Point-of-sale Terminal   POS terminal to record purchase, process credit or debit, and update inventory. The POS terminal is a combination of an electronic cash register, barcode reader, and printer.
  • 73. Terminals – Automated Teller Machines  It is a self-service banking machine that connects to a host computer through a network.
  • 74. Terminals – DVD Kiosk It is a self service DVD rental machine that connect to a host computer through a network.  Touch screen to select DVD movie.  Card Reader to read membership details  Cash Reader to accept cash upon purchase  DVD Dispenser to dispense the DVD to the customer
  • 75. Factors of Selection for Input Devices Input device choice factors: • Physiological and psychological characteristics of users, their training and expertise – experience levels and training (e.g., typing) – physiological factors (e.g., vision, arthritis) • What Tasks to be performed? – drawing --> continuous movement – selecting menu options --> discrete movement • Work and environment – speech input and noise levels – dust – physical security
  • 76. Summary • This chapter described various techniques of entering input and several commonly used input devices.

Notes de l'éditeur

  1. Define inputIdentify the keys and buttons commonly found an desktop computer keyboards, and describe how keyboards for mobile computers and devices differ from desktop computer keyboardsDescribe different mouse types and explain how to use a mouseDescribe various types of touch screens and explain how a touch-sensitive pad worksDescribe various types of pen input, and identify others of input for smart phonesSummarize the purpose of various game controllersDiscuss how the digital camera workDescribe the uses of voice recognition, Web cams, and video conferencingDiscuss how various scanners and reading devices workSummarize the various biometric devicesDiscuss hoe POS terminals, automated teller machines, and DVD kiosks workDiscuss the Input device choice factors