Native plants for southwestern oregon
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The document provides recommendations for native plant species well-suited for gardens in Southwestern Oregon, highlighting plants unique to the region as well as those shared with other parts of Oregon, California, and the Pacific Northwest. Examples are given of various native shrubs, trees, ferns, flowers and groundcovers including their characteristics, growing requirements, and images. The document aims to educate homeowners on selecting native plants well-adapted to the climate and conditions of Southwestern Oregon.
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Native plants for southwestern oregon
- 1. Native Plants for Southwestern Oregon Linda McMahan OSU Extension Yamhill County Scarlet monkeyflower, Mimulus cardinalis (SW Oregon & CA)
- 2. Southwestern Oregon is Unique Rainfall high in winter, low in summer Warmer high temps than most of OR but can be colder in winter Shares some features & plants with Northern CA Shares many plant species with the rest of the Pacific Northwest Oceanspray, Holodiscus discolor, shared with much of OR
- 3. Southwestern Oregon is Unique Share some species with Cascades and/or Eastern OR The region is amazingly diverse, with high mountains, soil variations, fertile river valleys, and Wikipedia.org rocky outcrops
- 4. Today‘s Goal Feature plants native to Josephine County Many share plant distributions with other parts of the Oregon or California Some plants native to Oregon but not common in Josephine County may also be grown here, but we will Rocky Mtn maple, Acer not cover those today glabrum, shared with Cascades and Eastern OR
- 5. Plants Unique to Inner Southwestern Oregon Some will also occur in neighboring counties or in Northern California
- 6. California fuchsia, Epilobium canum (Zauchneria californica) Native to California as well A mounding and spreading sub-shrub for full sun or very light shade Many cultivars available Attracts hummingbirds Wayne‘s silver form
- 7. Scarlet monkey flower, Mimulus cardinalis Herbaceous perennial Prefers part-shade and moist soils Native to SW OR and into CA and other SW US states M. cardinalis is shown with native yarrow form (Achillea millefolium)
- 8. Skunkbush, Rhus trilobata Sun to light shade Shrub 2-8 feet and spreading Zone 3/4 Food and cover for wildlife Drought tolerant, good for sunny and dry spots Yes it is related to poison oak but OK for gardens http://oregonstate.edu/dept/ldpla nts/rhtrilob.htm
- 9. CA black oak, Quercus kellogii Deciduous tree, 40- 80 ft. with open, rounded crown Sun or light shade Drought resistant, succeeds in dry, sandy, or gravelly soil USDA Zone 7 Mostly SW OR but does go north to Lane County http://oregonstate.edu/dept/ldplants/ quke.htm
- 10. Jeffrey pine, Pinus jeffreyi Conifer to 80 or more feet USDA Zone 6 Mountains from southern Oregon to Sierra Nevada's Fragrant needles— three needle bundles, larger cones than Ponderosa pine Can grow on serpentine soils (low calcium-magnesium ratio, high in heavy metals) http://oregonstate.edu/dept/ldplants/pijef.htm
- 11. Giant Chain Fern – Woodwardia fimbriata ―Choice‖ large fern, each frond to 6 feet Evergreen Needs regular moisture and part-shade to sun Possibly needs frost protection, depending on the site Share distribution with northern California Unique spore structures on frond undersides Photos: Wikipedia.org
- 12. California wild grape, Vitis californica Native to California and SW Oregon Cultivars available, ‗Roger‘s Red‘ is one available-may be a hybrid Vigorous deciduous vine popular in landscapes Red fall color Photo: Wikipedia.org Propagates easily from cuttings
- 13. Golden inside-out-flower, Vancouveria chrysantha Perennial evergreen herbaceous plant spreading by rhizomes Golden blooms in spring Sometimes called the Siskyou inside- out-flower Photo: Mrs. WD Bransford, Considered to be Lady Bird Johnson ―choice‖ by some Wildflower Center, Univ. gardeners so worth Texas at Austin looking for
- 14. Plants Shared with Cascades and/or Eastern Oregon Many of these are commonly available in the plant trade
- 15. Green manzanita, Arctostaphylos patula Evergreen shrub, to 7 ft, dark bark Sun or light shade Best on well- drained soils, does well on dry sites USDA Zone 5 SW Oregon to Mountains north and south http://oregonstate.edu/dept/ldp lants/arpat.htm
- 16. Rocky Mountain maple, Acer glabrum Small broadleaf deciduous tree to 30 ft, often multi- stemmed Sun to part shade USDA Zone 4 Distribution shared with Cascade Mtns http://oregonstate.edu/dept/ldpl and Eastward ants/acgl.htm
- 17. Mountain mahogany, Cercocarpus ledifolius Broadleaf evergreen shrub or small tree to 15 ft Sun and dry, well- drained soil USDA Zone 6 Distribution shared with mountains and areas to the East http://oregonstate.edu/dept/ldplants/ celed.htm
- 18. Creeping Oregon grape, Berberis (Mahonia) repens – Evergreen shrub/ground cover Spreads underground USDA Zone 5 Works well with snow cover http://oregonstate.edu/dept/ldplants /mare.htm
- 19. Rabitbrush – Ericamera (Chrysothamnus) nausosa Shares distribution with mountains and east of the Cascades Grey foliage Drought tolerant USDA Zone 7 Neutral to slightly alkaline soil
- 20. Sulfur buckwheat, Eriogonum umbellatum Drought tolerant buckwheat, needs good drainage Low-growing Flowers variable yellow/gold Needs good drainage to thrive Photo: Stan Shebs, Wikipedia.org
- 21. Fremont silk tassel, Garrya fremontii Evergreen shrub, many-branched, 5 to 15 feet Sun or part shade, drought tolerant USDA Zone 6 Requires good drainage Perhaps better adapted to the area Photo: A. Barra, Wikipedia.org than G. elliptica
- 22. Mahala mat, Ceanothus prostratus Woody groundcover Needs good drainage Blue flowers cover plant under favorable conditions Full sun or filtered shade Especially good for a rock garden
- 23. Sitka Mtn ash, Sorbus sitchensis Deciduous shrub or multi-trunked small tree to 10 ft Sun or light shade USDA Zone 5 Flat topped, white flowers, red fruits and good fall color Photos: top, Linda R McMahan, bottom, http://oregonstate.edu/dept/ldplants/sosit .htm
- 24. Pink flowered wood sorrel, Oxalis oregana var. smalliana Now classified just as O. oregana Pink flowered form less aggressive and slightly larger than white flowered form Pink flowered form more local to SW Oregon
- 25. Plants Shared with Willamette Valley and North These are usually commonly available in the nursery trade and generally will do well in SW Oregon
- 26. Umbrella plant, Darmera peltata Herbaceous water-loving plant with giant leaves Spreads on ground-level rhizomes Magnificent foliage and flowers Photos: Linda McMahan on the Rogue River and in Flowers emerge cultivation before leaves
- 27. Private Garden, Beaverton Oregon Sword fern (Polystichum munitum) and groundcover oxalis (Oxalis oregana) in a side garden path
- 28. Red Flowering Currant Ribes sanguineum, February/March bloomer attracts hummingbirds, also bees. Blue/black berries are edible and a bird favorite, many cultivars available
- 29. Wild bleeding heart, Dicentra formosa Spreading ground cover, spring blooms Deciduous in summer without supplemental irrigation Cultivars are available
- 30. Camas Camassia leichtlinii Sometimes available as a bulb in garden centers Require wet winters and dry summers Prefers full sun but part-shade OK A native Indian heritage plant
- 31. Red twig dogwood, Cornus sericea Wet or dry locations, large to 12-15 ft, prune from the base, berries attract birds, butterfly host plant
- 33. Stream Violet Viola glabella, Accent or groundcover, drought tolerant, butterfly host plant
- 34. Mock orange, Philadelphus lewesii Available at native plant nurseries and SWCD sales, fragrant and easy—sun to part shade, moderate water
- 35. Fairy bells, Prosartes (Disporum) hookeri or P. smithii Shady, moist sites Good for woodland garden Spring flowers, summer fruits Easy to grow from seeds
- 36. Sedum spathulifolium Best native sedum, easy for containers or well-drained soil, available at many retail nurseries, cultivars available
- 37. Vine Maple, Acer circinatum Best in part shade, some have good fall color, bird-friendly
- 38. Check out the recommended requirements for each species Provide water to establish, even if the species is Cultural drought-hardy Requirements Refrain from too much fertilizer- native plants are usually adapted to our typical soils Douglas iris (Iris douglasiana) and Viola adunca
- 39. Leave enough space—some natives may grow larger than anticipated Cultural Many can be pruned, but Requirements some gardeners prefer the natural forms Prune multi- stemmed shrubs Desert parsely (Lomatium sp.) from the base and snowberry (Symphoricarpos sp.)
- 40. Don‘t assume plants are ―deer- proof‖ If you want plants to self- seed or provide Cultural berries for wildlife, don‘t Requirements Ocean spray (Holodiscus discolor) and osoberry (Oemleria cerasiformis)
- 41. For More Information! Kruckeberg, Arthur R. 1996. Gardening with Native Plants of the Pacific Northwest, 2nd edition, University of Washington Press, Seattle, WA Yamhill County, OSU Extension Ecogardening at: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/yamhill/eco- gardening Selecting native plants for home landscapes in Central Oregon at: http://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle /1957/19858/ec1623-e.pdf Oregon Flora Project (interactive maps and photos) at: http://www.oregonflora.org/
- 42. Thankyou! Except noted, photos are by the author and can be used freely for educational purposes. Photos from Oregon State University Woody Plant Identification site used by permission of Pat Breen, © Oregon State University. Other photographs are in the public domain with sources noted.