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WNV
- 2. Preview of Main Points • What it is? • Its history • Pathology – transmission • Symptoms • Preventative measures
- 3. What is the WNV? • Flaviviridae family • Icosahedral envelope – RNA • 40-60 nm in size
- 4. WNV History • 1937 – West Nile District of Uganda • Africa, Middle East, Eastern Europe, West Asia • New York City 1999 – First case
- 5. WNV History • 1999 – 62 cases and 7 deaths
- 6. WNV 2004
- 7. WNV 2011 • Every US state has reported a WNV case
- 8. WNV Global
- 9. Seasonal Disease • Active during mosquito breeding season • Spring till the end of August
- 10. Pathology • Zoonotic • Replicates in salivary glands • Culex pipiens mosquito - the common house mosquito
- 12. Interesting Fact • Europe – two types of Culex pipien population • America – mosquito population has evolved • Spread faster in America
- 13. Transmission • Dead end host • Per CDC – OK to breast feed • Infected mosquito bites a human
- 14. Pathology • Keratinocyte and dendritic cell in basal layer • Dendritic cells travels to lymph nodes – 1st virus replication • Epithelial cells of visceral organs – 2nd virus replication
- 15. Pathology • Viremia triggers production of proteins & enzymes • Weaken tight junction of BBB
- 16. Pathology • Neurons and glial cells infected • Triggers cells narcosis = inflammation • Encephalitis – inflammation of brain • Meningitis – inflammation of meninges spinal cord
- 17. Who’s at Risk? • Children, elderly, compromised immune system • Over 50yo especially over 75yo – more at risk – morbidity and mortality
- 18. Symptoms • 3 to 14 days after infection • 80% show no symptoms • 20% show acute symptoms – mild, last couple of days – Fever, headache, body aches, nausea, vomiting, rash & swollen lymph glands
- 19. Symptoms • Out of 20% only 1% show severe symptoms – Tremors, stiff neck, high fever, severe headache, paralysis, muscle weakness, confusion, convulsion, coma, encephalitis or meningitis
- 20. Cure? • There is not cure for WNV • But there is one for horses • Best way to protect is prevention
- 21. Prevention • Stay indoors during dusk & dawn hours • Long sleeves and long pants • Insect repellent 10-30% DEET - mosquitoes can still bite thru thin material
- 22. Prevention • Dispose stagnant water
- 23. Works Cited Byron E. E. Martina, et al. "West Nile Virus: Immunity and Pathogenesis." Viruses (1999-4915) 3.6 (2011): 811-828. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 28 Sept. 2011. Gerardi, Michael H., and Melvin C. Zimmerman. Wastewater Pathogens. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (US), 2005. eBook Collection (EBSCOhost). EBSCO. Web. 28 Sept. 2011. Hoyle, Brian. "West Nile." Infectious Diseases: In Context. Ed. Brenda Wilmoth Lerner and K. Lee Lerner. Vol. 2. Detroit: Gale, 2008. 899-905. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. Quick, Jennifer, and J. P. Saleeby. "The Mighty Mosquito-borne Killer." American Fitness 25.4 (2007): 26-29. Health Source - Consumer Edition. EBSCO. Web. 29 Sept. 2011. "West Nile Virus." CRS - Pediatric Advisor (2010): 1. Health Source - Consumer Edition. EBSCO. Web. 29 Sept. 2011.