1. Submitted By:
Ravi Sharma
Branch-CSE
Semester- 6th

2. Pervasive, Human Centered Computing
Overview of Project Oxygen
Device technologies
Network technologies
Software technologies
Perpetual technologies
User technologies
Oxygen Today
Conclusion

3.  Pervasive Computing
 Term coined by Mark Waiser
 Information processing is integrated into everyday
objects & activities
 Human Centered Computing
 Emerging, inter disciplinary field
 Concerned with computing and computational
artifacts as they relate to human condition

4.  Vision
For over forty years, computation has centered
about machines, not people. We have catered to
expensive computers, pampering them in air
conditioned rooms or carrying them around
with us. Purporting to serve us, they have actually
forced us to serve them. They have been difficult to
use. They have required us to interact with them on
their terms. But,
 In the future, computation will be human-centered.
 It will be freely available everywhere, like batteries and power
sockets, or oxygen in the air we breathe.
 It will enter the human world, handling our goals and needs
and helping us to do more while doing less.

5.  Challenges
 To support highly dynamic and varied human activities,
the Oxygen system must master many technical
challenges. It must be-
 pervasive—it must be everywhere, with every portal
reaching into the same information base;
 embedded—it must live in our world, sensing and
affecting it;
 nomadic—it must allow users and computations to move
around freely, according to their needs;
 adaptable—it must provide flexibility and spontaneity,
in response to changes in user requirements and
operating conditions;

6.  powerful, yet efficient—it must free itself from
constraints imposed by bounded hardware resources,
addressing instead system constraints imposed by user
demands and available power or communication
bandwidth;
 intentional—it must enable people to name services
and software objects by intent, for example, "the
nearest printer," as opposed to by address;
 eternal—it must never shut down or reboot;
components may come and go in response to demand,
errors, and upgrades, but Oxygen as a whole must be
available all the time.

7.  Approach
 Combination of specific user & system technologies
 User technologies address human needs.
 Speech and vision technologies enable us to communicate
with Oxygen as if we're interacting with another person,
saving much time and effort.
 System technologies like software, networks make devices
understand humane way of interaction

8.  E21(Embedded devices ) Intelligent Spaces
 Space centered computation, embedded in ordinary
environment
 Populated by cameras, microphones, displays, sound output
 Controls for physical entities like curtains, lighting, door-locks
 People interact in Intelligent Spaces naturally, using speech,
gestures
 H21(Handheld devices) Mobile Devices
 Person centered devices also the Universal Personal Appliances
 Equipped with perpetual transducers such as microphone,
speakers
 Auto reconfigurable, light weight, inexpensive
 Anonymous generic devices

9.  Space centred computation, embedded in ordinary
environment
 Connected to sensors, suitably encapsulated into physical
objects
 Communicate with each other and nearby handheld
devices (H21)
through Dynamically Configured Networks (N21)
 E21 provide computational power throughout the system
to
 Communicate with people
 Support Oxygen User Technologies
 Monitor and control their environment
 E21 software is robust, and configurable among themselves

10. Oxygen Today
 The Intelligent Room
 Capable of detecting
motion
 Recognize voice
patterns
 Identify a person by face
Sensors

11.  Generic devices also called Universal Personal Appliances
 Do not carry large amount of permanent local state
 They configure themselves according to the person using
them
 Being small and lightweight, they have few transducers
 They have less computational power than E21
 Can be configured to be used as radio, cellphone or even
TV
 Power efficient, the software controls the power
consumption

12. Oxygen Today
 The H21 Prototype

13.  Networks make it easy to establish ad-hoc collaborating
communities of
 computer devices
 Through algorithms, protocols and middleware, they
 Configure collaborative regions automatically
 Create topologies and adapt them to change
 Provide automatic resource and location discovery
 Provide secure, authenticated and private access
 N21 networks use intentional names rather than
conventional static names
 They support location discovery through proximity

14.  Software systems adapt - to user, to environment, to
change, to failure
 Project Oxygen's software architecture provides
mechanisms for
 Building applications using distributed components
 Customizing, adapting and altering component behavior
 Person-centric rather than device-centric security
 Disconnected operation and nomadic code
 Eternal Computation: The system must never shut
down or reboot
though components are upgraded, removed and
reinstalled

15.  Two kinds of perpetual techniques
 Spoken Interaction
● Users and machine engage in interactive
conversations
● Highly efficient
 Visual Interaction
● User interacts with perpetual modalities
● Use of body language and gestures

16.  Speech recognition
 Language understanding
 Language generation
 Speech synthesis

17.  It consists of
 Visual perception subsystem, and
 It recognizes and classify objects and actions
 Complements spoken language subsystem
 Visual rendering subsystem
 Creates 3D scenes from 2D data
 Provide macroscopic view of application supplied data

18.  User Technologies include
 Knowledge Access
 Access any time, anywhere, almost anything
 Automation
 Automate control of physical environment
 Collaboration
 Connecting people

19.  Personalized repository that keeps track of what we
interests us
 The search for “fat book on computers” will return
person biased results
 Automated observers
 They always keep a track of the data you are looking
for
 The data is modelled according to your personal
profile

20. Oxygen Today
 Distribution & Mobility
 The cricket location support system
 Perceptual Interfaces
 Multimodal, multi-lingual softwares like
“SpeechBuilder” have been designed
 Security & Privacy
 Decentralised scheme of oxygen
 User never needs to revel their own location

21.  Bringing abundant computation and communication,
as pervasive as free air, naturally into people's life
 Mark Weiser's vision of ubiquitous, pervasive
computing is gradually becoming reality
 Commercial versions of H21 are ready to be launched
 The E21 and N21 will soon be spread everywhere, not
just the labs