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From Web Accessibility  to Web Adaptability Techshare 2009 conference, 17 September 2009 Brian Kelly UKOLN University of Bath Bath, UK UKOLN is supported by: http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/web-focus/events/conferences/techshare-2009/ This work is licensed under a Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.0 licence (but note caveat) Acceptable Use Policy Recording/broadcasting of this talk, taking photographs, discussing the content using email, instant messaging, blogs, etc. is permitted providing distractions to others is minimised. Tag for del.icio.us ‘ techshare-2009 ' Email: [email_address] Twitter: http://twitter.com/briankelly/   Blog: http://ukwebfocus.wordpress.com/
About This Talk ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Introduction
Definition ,[object Object],[object Object],Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, United Nations. <http://www.un.org/disabilities/default.asp?navid=12&pid=150>
The WAI Model ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The Magic Formulae WAI Approach
Limitations Of The Model ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Is there a plan B in case this model fails to ever take off? Is it desirable to base legal requirements on an unproven theoretical  framework? WAI Approach
WCAG Conformance ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],WAI Approach
WCAG 1.0 Difficulties ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],WAI Approach
Confusion ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Note that the RNIB have actively promote WCAG 1.0 guidelines – and also promote use of accessible Flash, without flagging any inconsistencies. WAI Approach
RNIB’s Alternative Approach ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Alternative Approach
Nitpicking? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Nightmare Scenario Case taken to court in UK. Defence lawyers point out ambiguities & inconsistencies. Case lost, resulting in WCAG’s relevance being diminished. WAI Approach Today’s Scenario WCAG AA is too difficult to achieve so organisations fail to deploy Web solutions.
Holistic Approach ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],1 Developing A Holistic Approach For E-Learning Accessibility ,  Canadian Journal of Learning and Technology, 2004, Vol. 30, Issue 3 An Alternative Approach This approach reflects an emphasis on  blended learning   (rather than just e-learning)
Previous Work (1) ,[object Object],e.g. WAI model flawed due to poor take-up of ATAG & UAAG, so need for pragmatic advice
Previous Work (2) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Universal Accessibility? Normal Cancer The Great Masturbator by Salvador Dali (1929) The Duck-Rabbit CRAFT BREWERY
WAI Limitations ,[object Object],“ However, we recognize that standards are slow, and technology evolves quickly in the commercial marketplace. Innovation brings new customers and solidifies relationships with existing customers; Web 2.0 innovations also bring new types of professionals to the field, ones who care about the new dynamic medium.  As technologies prove themselves, standardizing brings in the universality of the benefit, but necessarily follows this innovation.  Therefore, this paper acknowledges and respects Web 2.0, discussing the issues and real world solutions.”  Accessibility of Emerging Rich Web Technologies: Web 2.0 and the Semantic Web . Cooper, M. W4A 2007 An Alternative Approach
WCAG In Context ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Legislation: “take reasonable measure ..”  Is bankrupting your company reasonable? Is failing to satisfy your user community reasonable?  Is not providing resources reasonable? ,[object Object],[object Object]
Second Life ,[object Object],“ Do you think that this will be a really useful tool for people who are unable to get around, who have problems of mobility in real life? ”  “ Yes, because you can have friends without having to go out and physically find them ”.  The danger is that organisations will ban SL as they feel if fails to comply with accessibility guidelines. Accessibility 2.0
Accessibility 2.0 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Accessibility 2.0 An Alternative Approach
Accessible Web in Context Web WCAG+ATAG+UAAG= universal accessibility The Pixel of Perfection WAI ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object]
A Fresh Look At Accessibility ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],An Alternative Approach
Web Adaptability ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Web Adaptability
Putting The User First ,[object Object],The rules The  solution The user Example “ UK Government requires all government Web sites to comply with WCAG AA” Web Adaptability The context The user Optimal  solution The  guidelines Where we should be: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Web Adaptability Framework ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Alternative to a one-size-fit-all approach To avoid adaptability meaning doing whatever you fancy (e.g. IE-only sites) the adaptation needs to be implemented with  context of a legal framework, reasonable measures, reputation management, social responsibility, … Web Adaptability
Who’s Using These Approaches? (1) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Web Adaptability
Who’s Using These Approaches? (2a) ,[object Object],Note this work was described in an award-winning paper on “ Implementing A Holistic Approach To E-Learning Accessibility ” paper by Kelly, Phipps and Howell (ALT-C, 2005) ,[object Object],[object Object]
Who’s Using These Approaches? (2b) ,[object Object]
Who’s Using These Approaches? (3) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Who’s Using These Approaches? (4a) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Web Adaptability
Who’s Using These Approaches? (4b) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],But (a) no text transcript and (b) not WCAG compliant. So delete in order to achieve maximum WCAG-rating?
A Challenge For You! ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Web Adaptability
Conclusions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Questions ,[object Object]

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From Web Accessibility to Web Adaptability

  • 1. From Web Accessibility to Web Adaptability Techshare 2009 conference, 17 September 2009 Brian Kelly UKOLN University of Bath Bath, UK UKOLN is supported by: http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/web-focus/events/conferences/techshare-2009/ This work is licensed under a Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.0 licence (but note caveat) Acceptable Use Policy Recording/broadcasting of this talk, taking photographs, discussing the content using email, instant messaging, blogs, etc. is permitted providing distractions to others is minimised. Tag for del.icio.us ‘ techshare-2009 ' Email: [email_address] Twitter: http://twitter.com/briankelly/ Blog: http://ukwebfocus.wordpress.com/
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Editor's Notes

  1. A framework for applying WCAG in the real world (of flawed browsers, limited resources, etc) was described at W4A 2005 in a paper on “ Forcing Standardization or Accommodating Diversity? A Framework for Applying the WCAG in the Real World ”. This framework sought to applying WCAG in the real world of flawed browsers, limited resources, etc.
  2. The application of our work in a wider context (e.g. access to cultural resources) was described at W4A 2007 in a paper on “ Accessibility 2.0: People, Policies and Processes ”. The paper provided example to illustrate the complexities - for example the paper included a visual image which could be interpreted as a duck or a rabbit - providing alt descriptions would take away the ambiguities of this image. The paper introduced the stakeholder model and coined the term ‘ Accessibility 2.0 ’ to describe this user-centred approach.
  3. The limitations of WAI guidelines have been acknowledged. In a paper on “ Accessibility of Emerging Rich Web Technologies: Web 2.0 and the Semantic Web ” presented at the W4A 2007 conference Michael Cooper, who works for W3C WAI said: “ However, we recognize that standards are slow, and technology evolves quickly in the commercial marketplace. Innovation brings new customers and solidifies relationships with existing customers; Web 2.0 innovations also bring new types of professionals to the field, ones who care about the new dynamic medium. As technologies prove themselves, standardizing brings in the universality of the benefit, but necessarily follows this innovation. Therefore, this paper acknowledges and respects Web 2.0, discussing the issues and real world solutions. ”
  4. A video clip shows Judith, a user with cerebral palsy, using Second Life with a headwand. She was asked: “ Do you think that this will be a really useful tool for people who are unable to get around, who have problems of mobility in real life? ” Her response was “ Yes, because you can have friends without having to go out and physically find them ”. There is a danger that organisations will ban Second Life as they feel if fails to comply with accessibility guidelines. This would deprive users such as Judith of the benefits they seek.