ARTID121 Byzantine Art

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Rome in the East: The Art of Byzantium

[object Object],[object Object],Byzantine Art (527-726) Art produced by Eastern Orthodox Christians living in the Ottoman Empire is often called "post-Byzantine." Certain artistic traditions that originated in the Byzantine Empire, particularly in regard to icon painting and church architecture, are maintained in Greece, Serbia, Bulgaria, Russia and other Eastern Orthodox countries to the present day.

[object Object],[object Object],Byzantine Empire Byzantium is today distinguished from ancient Rome proper insofar as it was oriented towards Greek culture, characterised by Christianity rather than Roman paganism and was predominantly Greek-speaking rather than Latin-speaking.

[object Object],[object Object],Byzantine Empire Church and state united: Under the rule of Justinian, Orthodox Christianity became Constantinople's only lawful religion. The Byzantine emperors were believed to be the earthly vicars of Jesus Christ, whose imperial will was God's will.

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Byzantine Empire The Golden Age of Justinian A distinctive Byzantine style emerged during the reign of Justinian in the sixth century.

Justinian as world conqueror (Barberini Ivory) mid-6th century ivory 1 ft. 1 1/2 in. x 10 1/2 in.

Saint Michael the Archangel early-6th century ivory 1 ft. 5 in. x 5 1/2 in.

Anthemius of Tralles & Isidorus of Miletus Hagia Sophia Constantinpole, (Istanbul), Turkey | 532-537 The domed church of Hagia Sophia in Constantinople is one of the supreme accomplishments of world architecture.

Anthemius of Tralles & Isidorus of Miletus Hagia Sophia Constantinpole, (Istanbul), Turkey | 532-537

Virgin (Theotokos) and Child enthroned Apse mosaic, Hagia Sophia 867 | mosaic

San Vitale | Ravenna, Italy | 526-547

San Vitale Ravenna, Italy 526-547

Apse Mosaic San Vitale | Ravenna, Italy | 526-547

Justinian, Bishop Maximianus and attendants north wall apse mosaic, San Vitale | Ravenna, Italy | ca. 547 | mosaic

Theodora and attendants south wall apse mosaic, San Vitale| Ravenna, Italy | ca. 547 | mosaic

Abraham and the Three Angels ( Philoxeneos) , and the Sacrifice of Isaac north lunette mosaic, San Vitale| Ravenna, Italy | ca. 547 | mosaic

Sacrifice of Abel, Sacrifice of Melchisedech north lunette mosaic, San Vitale| Ravenna, Italy | ca. 547 | mosaic

Sant’Apollinare in Classe Ravenna, Italy | 533-549

Saint Apollinaris amid sheep Sant’Apollinare in Classe Ravenna, Italy 533-549 mosaic

Transfiguration of Jesus apse mosaic, Church of the Virgin Monastery of Saint Catherine Mount Sinai, Egypt ca. 565 mosaic

Transfiguration of Jesus apse mosaic, Church of the Virgin | Monastery of Saint Catherine Mount Sinai, Egypt | ca. 565 | mosaic

Virgin (Theotokos) and Child between Saints Theodore and George, icon 6th or early 7th century encaustic on wood 2 ft. 3 in. x 1 ft. 7 3/8 in.

Anicia Juliana Between Magnanimity and Prudence folio 6 of the Vienna Dioskorides from Honoratai near Constantinople (Istanbul) ca. 512 tempera on parchment 1 ft. 3 in. x 1 ft. 11 in.

Ascension of Christ Rabbula Gospels From Zagba, Syria 586 tempera on vellum 1 ft. 1 in. x 10 1/2 in.

Katholikon and Church of the Theotokos Hosios Loukas, Greece | Katholikon early 11th century, Church of the Theotokos, 10th century

Apse of the Katholikon Hosios Loukas, Greece 11th century | mosaic

Dome of the Katholikon Hosios Loukas, Greece 11th century fresco

Dome of the Katholikon Hosios Loukas, Greece 11th century | fresco

Nativity of Christ Katholikon Hosios Loukas, Greece 11th century mosaic

Baptism of Christ Katholikon Hosios Loukas, Greece 11th century mosaic

Pantocrator dome mosaic in the Church of the Dormition Daphni, Greece ca. 1090-1100 mosaic

Crucifixion in the Church of the Dormition Daphni, Greece ca. 1090-1100 mosaic

Saint Mark’s Cathedral Venice, Italy begun 1063

Saint Mark’s Cathedral Venice, Italy | begun 1063

interior of Saint Mark’s Cathedral Venice, Italy | ca. 1180 | mosaic

Anastasis From west vault of Saint Mark’s Cathedral Venice, Italy ca. 1180 mosaic

Pala d’Oro from Saint Mark’s Cathedral Venice, Italy ca. 1105 gold cloisonné with precious stones

Archangel | Pala d’Oro from Saint Mark’s Cathedral Venice, Italy | ca. 1105 | gold cloisonné with precious stones

Apse Cathedral at Monreale Monreale, Sicily, Italy ca. 1180-1190 mosaic

Pantocrator Cathedral at Monreale Monreale, Sicily, Italy ca. 1180-1190 mosaic

Theotokos and Child, angels and saints Cathedral at Monreale Monreale, Sicily, Italy ca. 1180-1190 | mosaic

Hodegetria, icon (front) ca. 1150-1200 tempera on wood

Hodegetria, icon (back) ca. 1150-1200 tempera on wood

Hodegetria, icon | ca. 1150-1200 | tempera on wood

Christ enthroned with Saints (Harbaville Triptych) ca. 950 | ivory | 9 1/2 in. x 5 1/2 in. high

David composing the Psalms Paris Psalter ca. 950-970 tempera on vellum 14 1/8 in. x 10 1/4 in.

Israelites’ Flight from Egypt Paris Psalter ca. 950-970 tempera on vellum 14 1/8 in. x 10 1/4 in.

Anastasis (Ressurection) apse fresco in parekklision of the Church of Christ in Chora Constantinpole, (Istanbul), Turkey | ca. 1310-1320 | fresco

Christ as Savior of Souls, icon early 14th century tempera, linen and silver on wood 3 ft. 1/4 in. x 2 ft. 2 1/2 in.

Annunciation, reverse of 2-sided icon early 14th century tempera and linen on wood 3 ft. 1/4 in. x 2 ft. 2 3/2 in.

Annunciation, obverse of 2-sided icon early 14th century tempera, linen and silver on wood 3 ft. 1/4 in. x 2 ft. 2 3/2 in.

Virgin (Theotokos) and Child, icon Late 11th to early 12th century tempera on wood 2 ft. 6 1/2 in. x 1 ft. 9 in.

Andrei Rublyev Three Angels, icon ca. 1410 tempera on wood 4 ft. 8 in. x 3 ft. 9 in.

Iconostasis A wall of icons between the sanctuary and the knavea in an Eastern Orthodox church

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The Byzantine Aesthetic

[object Object],[object Object],The Byzantine Aesthetic

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The Byzantine Aesthetic *An illuminated manuscript is a manuscript in which the text is supplemented by the addition of decoration, such as decorated initials, borders (marginalia) and miniature illustrations. In the most strict definition of the term, an illuminated manuscript only refers to manuscripts decorated with gold or silver, but in both common usage and modern scholarship, the term is now used to refer to any decorated or illustrated manuscript from the Western traditions.

[object Object],[object Object],The Byzantine Aesthetic Such images functioned as powerful relics as well as icons, and their images were naturally seen as especially authoritative as to the true appearance of the subject. Like icons believed to be painted from the live subject, they therefore acted as important references for other images in the tradition. They therefore were copied on an enormous scale, and the belief that such images existed, and authenticated certain facial types, played an important role in the conservatism of the Byzantine tradition.

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The Byzantine Iconoclasm Iconoclasm, Greek for "image-breaking", is the deliberate destruction within a culture of the culture's own religious icons and other symbols or monuments, usually for religious or political motives. People who engage in or support iconoclasm are called iconoclasts, a term that has come to be applied figuratively to any person who breaks or disdains established dogmata or conventions.

Sources ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

ARTID121 Byzantine Art

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