VMware vSphere 5.1 Overview

Chapter 1 - Introduction

Introduction to
VMware vSphere 5.1

Copyright © 2012 by ESXLab.com. All rights reserved. No reproduction without prior written authorization.
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VMware vSphere
➲ Common IT problems
● vSphere solutions to these problems
➲ Scaling vSphere deployments
➲ Storage, Network and Server private
cloud computing


Problems & Opportunities
➲ Low server resource utilization
➲ Data center costs, space, power, cooling
➲ Application, OS deployment
➲ Back Up & Recovery
➲ Server Refresh
➲ Remote access and support
➲ Hardware maintenance
➲ Operating system license costs
➲ Disaster Recovery
➲ Test, Development, Training, QA


Server Resource Utilization
➲ Pre-virtualization server resource
utilization rates are very low
● Typically, one OS/application per server
● Physical server average utilization: 3%-35%
● Usually one critical resource
● Other sub-systems mostly idle
➲ Why 1 OS, application/server?
● Political, administrative isolation
● I own/manage my own server
● Application, DLL isolation
● Simplify backup, recovery, DR
● Perception that PC servers are cheap to buy,
license, run

Server Consolidation
➲ Many VM's/physical server
● VMs compete for available host
CPU, RAM, Disk, Network
● VMs get needed resources
● Not declared resources
● Idling VMs may give up CPU, RAM
vSphere ● Ensures active VMs run well under
CPU, memory over commit (i.e.:when
vCPU count > physical core count)
● Share network, storage bandwidth
● Administrators can tune VMs
● Weighted scheduling, memory
management and disk I/O
● Ensures critical VMs get resources
as needed

Datacenter Issues
➲ Problems ➲ Virtual Solutions
● Power, cooling costs ● VM Consolidations:
● Square foot costs 5-50+ VMs ESXi host
● Out of rack space ● Relieves rack space
● Expensive to build out congestion
● Additional concerns ● Reduces power,
● Networking costs cooling costs
● Shared SAN storage ● Leverages existing
● Back up procedures, networking, storage
time, costs resources (SAN
● Disaster Recovery switches)
● Administrator time ● Fewer physical
● Config. consistency servers to administer,
back up, network, etc.


OS, Application Imaging
● Bare metal installs ● VMs get generic
● Complex hardware, not
● Drivers, agents, etc.
physical hardware
● Time consuming
● Introduce needless
● Easy to create VM
variation, risk master images
● Imaging solutions not ● Clones, Templates
● Copy & customize...
universal ● Easy to create a VM
● Tied to manufacturer,
Image Library
hardware components
● Images may not help if
● Easy to maintain
maker changes hardware ● Not tied to hardware
configuration ● Easy to change H/W
vendors

Back Up & Recovery
● Backup tools are ● Most LAN backup
expensive, complex tools are supported
● Backup, recovery, ● File system back ups
application, open file ● VM snapshots
agents ● Data synchronized
● Speed limited by ● Disk image backup
network bandwidth ● Data Recovery
● Limited back up ● VM back up, recovery
windows ● Guest OS File level
● Virtual networking not recovery capability
as fast as physical ● Virtual appliance
networking


Server Refresh
➲ Problems ➲ Virtual Solution
● PC servers have a ● Virtual hardware
short life span ● VM H/W is independent
3-5 yrs depending on
● of physical hardware
available maintenance ● Easy to migrate VMs
support contracts to another ESXi host
● OS, application ● Hot, cold VM migration
migrations are time ● Limits down time
● 4 simple steps...
consuming, risky ● Provision new server
● Workload down ● Install ESXi, join cluster
during migration ● Migrate VMs to new host
● Done off hours ● Shut down, wipe server
● Hard to do remotely ● Can be performed
● Inherently risky remotely

Hardware Maintenance
● HW maintenance ● To perform H/W
requires down time tasks on ESXi host
● Short maintenance ● Evacuate ESXi host of
windows Virtual Machines
● Weekend vendor support ● VMotion, cold migrate
is costly VMs to other ESXi hosts
● Must be on site ● Patch, upgrade, repair,
● 7x24 4hr response reconfigure host
● Expensive ● No VM down time during
● Often no guarantee of a maintenance
fix within 4hr window ● If ESXi capacity permits,
● Without top tier contract, maintenance can be done
hardware issues may during production hours
keep a server down for
days


Windows Server VM
Licensing
➲ Problems ➲ Solution
● Windows 2003, 2008, ● Windows 2k3, 2k8/R2
2012 Server licenses Enterprise, Datacenter
are expensive VM friendly pricing
● Host licenses, CALs ● Enterprise – 4 VM at
● May have to buy more no additional charge
expensive editions for ● Datacenter – unlimited
needed features VMs at no additional
● E.g. Microsoft Cluster charge
Services not available on
Windows Server
● Check your
Standard Editions ● License agreement for
entitled instance count
● Volume purchase
agreements

MS Virtualization
Calculator

● Part A – License cost by average VM/s per server
● Part B – License cost by actual VMs per server

Windows Server 2012
➲ Windows Server 2012 Virtualization
● Standard Edition
● 2 sockets max per license
● 2 VMs per license
● If you have > 2 sockets or > 2 VMs/socket, you
must buy more licenses
● Enterprise Edition no longer offered
● Some features pushed down to Standard or up
to DataCenter editions
● Datacenter Edition
● One license required for each physical CPU
● Unlimited number of VMs / server
Source: ws2012_licensing-pricing_faq.pdf
from download.microsoft.com

Disaster Recovery
● Ensure business ● SAN Replication
continuity ● Shadow SAN LUNS
● Replication is costly to DR site
● Duplicate all HW, SW ● ESXi host(s) at DR
at remote site site set to run VMs
● Complex ● vSphere Replication
● DR procedures must ● Duplicates VMs
be tested, reviewed, across LAN/WAN to
refined, retested secondary site
● Keeps VMs in sync
● Risky
by replicating disk
● Failure of DR plan
updates
puts business at ● Included in many
extreme risk
vSphere licenses

Test, Development & QA
● Development, test ● Clone production VMs
environments don't ● Clone - Exact copy of
match production original VM
environment ● Test changes on clone
● Configuration changes
● Too costly to deploy ● OS patches
an exact match ● Application upgrades
● Differences introduce ● Validate procedures
variation, risk ● VM snapshots let you
● Hard to validate back out of changes
changes, test software, ● Saves VM state
catch errors if ● No need to re-image if
production, problems encountered
test/development ● Revert back to original
environments differ ● Try again!


IT Technical Career
Benefits

➲ Demand for VMware skills since Jan, 2005
www.indeed.com/jobtrends?q=Vmware&relative=1
➲ According to Dice (www.dice.com)
● Candidates with one completed virtualization
project are considered experienced

Virtualization Over Time
ESX 1 ESX ESX(i) ESX(i) ESXi ESXi
2.x 3.x 4.x 5.0 5.1
Number of vCPUs 1 2 4 8 32 64
GB RAM per VM 2GB 3.6GB 64GB 256GB 1TB 1TB
Network I/O (Gb/s) .5GB .9GB 9GB 30GB >36GB >36GB
Storage I/O < 5k 7k 100k 300k 1,000k 1,000k
Ops/sec
CPU Cores/ESXi host 4 8 96 128 160 160

➲ VMs - bigger, faster over time
● Goal: eliminate all hardware limits to
virtualizatin
● Resources – make VMs any size you want
● Performance – VMs more than fast enough for
almost all workloads

VMware vSphere 5.1
Editions vSphere vSphere vSphere
ESXi Standard Enterprise Enterprise Plus
Maximum vCPUs per VM 8 8 32 64
Maximum Physical RAM per ESXi host 32GB 2TB 2TB 2TB
ESXi + VSMP + VMFS ● ● ● ●
Thin Provisioning ● ● ● ●
Update Manager ● ● ● ●
vSphere Storage Appliance ● ● ●
Data Recovery ● ● ●
High Availability ● ● ●
vShield EndPoint AntiVirus ● ● ●
vSphere VM Hot Replication ● ● ●
VMotion ● ● ●
vShield Zones ● ● ●
Fault Tolerance ● ● ●
Hot Add Hardware ● ● ●
Storage VMotion ● ● ●
Virtual Serial Port Concentrator ● ●
DRS Load Balancing ● ●
DRS Power Management ● ●
vNetwork Distributed vSwitches ●
Network, Storage I/O Control ●
Host Profiles ●


Small Business Bundles
vSphere 5.1 vSphere 5.1
Essentials Essentials Plus
ESXi Servers (2 sockets) 3 3
Processor Cores/socket no limit no limit
vCenter Server Nodes 3 3
VSMP (Max vCPUs/VM) 8 8
VMware HA ●
Data Recovery ●
VMotion ●
vSphere Replication ●
vShield Endpoint ●
VM Hot Add CPU, Memory ●
vCenter Storage Appliance ●

Features from http://www.vmware.com as of August, 2012
Search for vsphere_pricing.pdf

vSphere Acceleration Kits
➲ 'Kits' are bundles of vSphere licenses
● Offered at discounted prices
● CPU entitlements bumps not available to Small
Business Essentials / Essentials Plus
Kit Name vCenter vSphere Server Max vCPUs
Storage Appl. Entitlement per VM
Small Business Essentials No Max 3 Hosts, 8
Essentials 3 Host Max 2 CPUs each
Small Business Essentials Yes Max 3 Hosts, 8
Essentials Plus 3 Host Max 2 CPUs each
vSphere Standard Standard Yes 6+ CPUs 8
vSphere Standard Standard Yes 6+ CPUs 8
+ Operations
Enterprise Standard Yes 6+ CPUs 32
Enterprise Plus Standard Yes 6+ CPUs 64

vSphere Acceleration Kits
➲ Acceleration kits typically include:
● Fixed number of CPU licenses (eg.: 6 CPUs)
● One vCenter Server license entitlement
● May also include add-on licenses such as:
● vSphere Storage Appliance
● vSphere Operations Management
➲ Physical CPU entitlements can be added
● So you can add servers to your environment
● Not available for Small Business Essentials,
Essentials Plus
● These max out at 3 servers of 2 CPUs each
● vCenter for SBE, SBE+ is ESXi host limited to no
more than 3 ESXi hosts


VMware Service & Support
(SnS)
➲ Support contracts must be purchased with
all new licenses
● Provides 1-3 years of unlimited support
● No per-incident support charges
➲ Upgrades to new releases offered for all
licenses that have valid SnS contracts
➲ For non-active licenses (support expired)
● You cannot upgrade across major releases
● Can upgrade across minor releases
● E.g.: from vSphere 5.0 to vSphere 5.1
● Out of support customers can reactivate by:
● Paying all back support
● Paying for the next year(s) support, and
● A penalty for allowing your support to lapse

VMware ESXi
➲ Enterprise class
virtualization
● Bare metal install
● Lean hypervisor
● Dynamically load
balances VMs
● Assigns CPU, RAM
resources when
needed, as needed
● If resources are
scarce, idling VMs get
little service
● Dynamically tunable


Single Host Deployment
➲ Single ESXi host
● VMs share host CPU,
RAM, Disk, Network
of the host system
● Manage with vSphere
Client
● Low-cost or free
● ESXi or vSphere
Standard Edition
● Benefits
● Lower capital cost
● Lowers power use
● Faster deployments
● Easier upgrades

Multiple ESXi w. Shared
Storage
➲ Migrated VMs
onto shared
SAN storage
● VMs still run on
single host
➲ No VMotion, DRS, HA
without vCenter
➲ Some fault tolerance
● If an ESXi host fails
● Use Datastore Browser
to import VMs onto
surviving host(s)

vSphere Private Cloud
➲ Add vCenter
● ESXi, VM, LAN,
Storage mgt.
● Tasks & Events, Logs
● Cold migration
● Monitoring, Alarms
● Scheduled Tasks
● Enables
● VMotion
● Storage VMotion
● High Availability
● Load balancing
● Fault Tolerance
● Back Up
● etc.

Private Cloud Computing
➲ Dynamically provision hardware on demand
● Provision what's needed, when needed
● Physical hardware abstracted, shared
● Storage – Storage Area Networks (SANs)
● Provision, grow LUNs on demand
● LUNs usable by any or all ESXi hosts
● PC Servers – install ESXi to deploy, run VMs
● Size servers for high VM tennancy
● Provision new ESXi hosts as VM population grows
● Dynamically load balance to maintain performance
● Networking – vNetwork Distributed vSwitches
● Virtual switches that span ESXi hosts
● Add physical uplinks to improve ESXi > LAN speed
● Consistent configuration, metrics across ESXi hosts

Storage Cloud
➲ Storage Area
Networks (SANs)
● Aggregate physical disks
into LUNs
● Presents LUNs to ESXi
● VMFS cluster filesystem
● Safe concurrent access
● Grow LUNs as needed
● Provision LUNs on
demand
● Snapshot, back up LUNs
● Shadow (replicate)
LUNs

Server Cloud
➲ Provision PC Servers
to meet capacity,
performance needs
● Buy a new PC server
● Install ESXi, join
vCenter
● Add to DRS cluster:
● VMs rebalance by
migrating onto new
server
● Reduces CPU, memory
use on other servers
● Add to HA cluster:
● Restarts VMs if an
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Network Cloud

➲ Distributed vSwitches span ESXi hosts
● Unified view of all Port, Port Group settings
● Simple, consistent, VMotion compatible configuration
● Common MAC address table
● Supports internal Private vLANs

What's New in vSphere 5
➲ Bigger VMs and more VMs
● Up to 64 vCPUs (V5.1), 1TB of RAM
● Support for 2-8 Core vCPUs
● Up to 512 VMs/ESXi with up to 2048 vCPUs
➲ Better USB support
● USB 1.1, 2.0 and 3.0 support
● USB devices can be plugged into the ESXi
host or your vSphere Client PC
➲ Storage Load Balancing
● New Storage DRS capacity/load balanced
storage volume groups
● Helps ensure you don't slow down on over
worked volumes or run out of space

➲ New VMFS 5 supports
● Volumes up to 64TB
● Raw Device Maps for volumes > 2TB
● Unlimited blocks per file
➲ Solid State Device support for
● ESXi host cache improves disk reads perf.
● Fast VMkernel paging space
➲ vSphere Replication
● Hot replicates VMs to another host or site
● Minimizes VM downtime due to disasters
➲ Single Sign On (V5.1)
● Central authentication service
● Can connect to AD, OpenLDAP, NIS

➲ Storage vMotion can hot migrate VMs
with snapshots
➲ New vSphere Web Client (V5.1)
● New primary administrative interface with
capabilities not in legacy vSphere Client
● Simultaneously VMotion + Storage VMotion a VM
➲ VMware vCenter Appliance
● SuSE Linux based vCenter server
● Includes Postgress (free) or connect to
Oracle databases
➲ Auto-deploy ESXi host capability
● Simplifies install and upgrade of ESXi hosts
● New stateful/stateless caching (V5.1)

What's New in vSphere 5.1
➲ Additional features in vSphere 5.1
● Hardware Version 9
● Support for shared, high end GPUs in ESXi hosts
● Perfect for CAD/CAM, graphics intensive virtual desktops
● vNetwork Distributed Switch upgrades
● vSwitch health checks
● Configuration change roll back and recovery
● Back up and restore
● Link Aggregation Control Protocol NIC teams
● Improved vSwitch port replication
● vShield EndPoint hypervisor based antivirus
● Save/restore Resource Pool configuration
● Useful when you disable/enable DRS
● Normally RP configurations lost on DRS disable/enable


Review & Questions
➲ VMware vSphere
● Comes in 4 editions – Free ESXi, Standard,
Enterprise and Enterprise +
● Each edition has limits on the number of vCPU
cores
● Free ESXi, vSphere Standard support 8-way vSMP
● vSphere Enterprise supports 32-way vSMP
● Enterprise Plus supports 64-way vSMP
● No physical RAM restrictions
● Other than max RAM supported in your machine
● vCenter is the enterprise management
console for your virtual infrastructure


VMware vSphere 5.1 Overview

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