The document summarizes the US-India Civil Nuclear Agreement signed in 2008. Key points: - The agreement allows India to pursue civilian nuclear energy while maintaining its nuclear weapons program outside of NPT safeguards. - It was controversial as it recognized India as a de facto nuclear state and granted an exemption from the Nuclear Suppliers Group. - Supporters argue it will boost India's energy security and economy while advancing non-proliferation, while critics argue it could enable more nuclear weapons development.