This document discusses bio-chip sensors. A bio-chip is a small-scale device analogous to an integrated circuit that analyzes organic molecules from living organisms. It consists of a transponder with a microchip storing a unique ID number, an antenna coil, tuning capacitor, and glass capsule. A scanner generates an electromagnetic field to activate the implanted bio-chip, which then sends its ID code back to the scanner via radio signals. Potential applications include tracking people and animals globally and storing medical, financial and personal data on a single chip. While bio-chips could identify individuals and perform many reactions quickly, they also raise privacy concerns and could be implanted without consent.

1. [BIO—CHIP ] SENSOR
By:
Zeeshan Ahmed

2. AGENDA
 Bio Sensors
 Bio—Chip
 Architecture
 Working
 Applications
 Advantages
 Disadvantages

3. WHAT ARE BIO SENSORS ?
 The IUPAC (1997) defines biosensors as: “A device that uses
specific biochemical reactions mediated by isolated enzymes,
immune systems, tissues, or whole cells to detect chemical
compounds usually by electrical, thermal or optical signals”.

4. BIO--CHIP
Bio + Chip = Biochip
Bio: stands for any biological entity eg: protein,DNA.
Chip: a computer chip.
Biochip: Small-scale device, analogous
 to an integrated circuit,
 it is used to analyze organic molecules
 associated with living organisms

5. IMAGES

6. IMAGES

7. BIOCHIP ARCHITECTURE
 Size
 It has small size just like a grain of rice .

8. BIOCHIP ARCHITECTURE
 Parts
 Transponder
 Scanner / Reader

9. TRANSPONDER
 Transponder consists of four parts:-
 Computer microchip
 Antenna coil
 Tuning capacitor
 Glass capsule

10. Transponder

11. COMPUTER MICROCHIP
 The microchip stores a unique identification number from
10 to 15 digits long.
 The storage capacity of the current microchips is limited,
capable of storing only a single ID number.
 AVID (American Veterinary Identification Devices), claims
their chips, using a nnn-nnn-nnn format, has the capability
of over 70 trillion unique numbers. The unique ID number is
etched or encoded via a laser onto the surface of the
microchip before assembly. Once the number is 14 encoded
it is impossible to alter.
 The microchip also contains the electronic circuitry .

12. ANTENNA COIL
 This is normally a simple, coil of copper wire around a
ferrite or iron core. This tiny, primitive, radio antenna
receives and sends signals from the reader or scanner.

13. TUNING CAPACITOR
 The capacitor stores the small electrical charge (less than
1/1000 of a watt) sent by the reader or scanner, which
triggers the transponder.
 This activation allows the transponder to send back the ID
number encoded in the computer chip.
 As radio waves are utilized to communicate between the
transponder and reader, the capacitor is tuned to the same
frequency as the reader.

14. GLASS CAPSULE
 The glass capsule holds the microchip, antenna coil and
capacitor.
 It is a small capsule, the smallest measuring 11 mm in length
and 2 mm in diameter.
 The capsule is made of biocompatible material such as soda
lime glass. After assembly, the capsule is (air-tight) sealed,
so no bodily fluids can touch the electronics inside.

15. SCANNER
 It carries a receiving coil that receives the transmitted code or
ID number sent back from the "activated" implanted biochip.
 This all takes place very fast, in milliseconds.
 The reader also contains the software and components to
decode the received code and display the result in an LCD
display.

16. SCANNER

17. WORKING OF BIO-CHIP
The reader generates a low-power electromagnetic
field via radio signals
Implanted biochip gets activated
Biochip sends ID code back to the reader via
radio signals.
Reader amplifies the received code, converts it to
digital format and displays it on LCD

18. Human Interface to Biochip
The biochip is inserted into the subject with a hypodermic syringe.
Injection is safe and simple, comparable to common vaccines.
Anesthesia is not required nor recommended

19. APPLICATIONS
 With a biochip tracing of a person/animal anywhere in the
world is possible
 A biochip can store and update financial, medical,
demographic data, basically everything about a person
 Biochips really are potent in replacing passports, cash and
medical records.
 They can perform thousands of biological reactions and
operations in few seconds

20. ADVANTAGES
 To rescue the sick.
 To identify person uniquely.
 They can perform thousands of biological
reactions, operations in few seconds.

21. DISADVANTAGES
 They raise critical issues of personal privacy.
 They mark the end of human freedom and dignity.
 They may not be supported by large % of people.
 There is a danger of turning every man, women and child into
a controlled slave.
 They can be implanted into ones body without their
knowledge

22. REFERENCES
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biochip
 http://www.electronicsforu.com
 http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s002160051549#page-1
 Google images.

23. Zeeshan Ahmed Lodro
Instrumentation and Measurement
B.E-IV
CmS ID: [033-14-0062]
Department of Electrical Engineering
Sukkur IBA