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2007 09 10 Fzi Training Groovy Grails V Ws
- 3. Why should I care ? 40-60% User Interface 40-60% Functionality Software Development Effort Variance Max. 20 % User Interface Min. 80% Functionality Focus : Users Great Interface Developer Gigantic Functionality Typically Research … try to be efficient in programming efforts … ... try to be efficient in UI efforts...
- 33. GRAILS // Layering on Java Components Source: G. K. Rocher, The Definite Guide to Grails, Apress, 2006, p. 7
- 34. GRAILS // Step 1
- 35. Source: G. K. Rocher, The Definite Guide to Grails, Apress, 2006, p. 39
- 36. GRAILS // Basic application already there after Step 1
- 39. GRAILS // Step 3 Generation of views and controllers • Once the Book class is created, let´s benefint from static scaffolding -> grails generate-all -> grails run-app • A BookController is created, as well as four GSP: ▪ create.gsp ▪ edit.gsp ▪ list.gsp ▪ show.gsp
- 40. GRAILS // Scaffolding provides basic GUI for CRUD
- 41. GRAILS // Taking control of GRAILS V iew M odel C ontroller grails generate-controller /grails-app/controllers grails generate-views /grails-app/views grails create-domain-class /grails-app/model J obs S ervices /grails-app/jobs /grails-app/services grails create-app 1 2 Web Test Unit Test 4 5 6 grails generate-all 3
- 42. GRAILS // VIEW CONTROLLER INTERACTION Source: G. K. Rocher, The Definite Guide to Grails, Apress, 2006
- 43. GRAILS // Hibernate interaction • Hibernate is the de facto ORM solution • Domain classes are automatically and transparently mapped with Hibernate • 1:1, 1:n & m:n realtionships supported • Various database environments (dev, test, prod) • Default HSQLDB in-memory config • You can even provide your own Hibernate mapping files for legacy schemas • You can also reuse your EJB3 ! V M C S J
- 44. GRAILS // A more complex domain class Author { String firstName String lastName def hasMany = [books: Book ] String toString() { “ $firstName $lastName” } } class Book { String title Author author Publisher publisher def belongsTo = [ Publisher , Author ] String toString() { title } } class Publisher { String name def hasMany = [ books: Book ] String toString() { name } } Author has many Books Publisher has many Books V M C S J
- 45. GRAILS // Domain with constraints to keep valid Add an email to Author class Author { String email // … static constraints = { email (email: true) } } Add an ISBN to Book class Book { Stringisbn // … static constraints = { isbn (matches: “ [0-9] {9} [0-9X ]”) } } V M C S J
- 46. GRAILS // ... and even more constraints • Many constraints available: blank , creditcard, email, inList , length, min, minLength, minSize, matches , max, maxLength, maxSize, notEqual, nullable , range , size, unique , url , validator • And you can create your own closure validator: even( validator: { it % 2 == 0 )} V M C S J
- 48. GRAILS // Query Examples • Book. find By Title (“The Stand”) Book.findByTitle Like (“Harry Pot%”) Book.findByReleaseData Between (start, end) Book.findByTitleLike Or ReleaseData LessThan ( “ %Grails%”, someData) • Find by relationship Book.find All By Author ( Author.get(1) ) • Affect sorting Book.findAllbyAuthor(me, [sort:‘title’,order:’asc’] ) V M C S J
- 49. GRAILS // Views • Spring MVC under the hood • Support for flash scope between requests • GSP : Groovy alternative to JSP • Dynamic taglib development: no TLD, no configuration, just conventions • Adaptive AJAX tags (Yahoo, Dojo, Prototype) • Customizable layout with SiteMesh • Page fragments through reusable templates • View under grails-app/views V M C S J TIP: Use grails install-templates to install and customize your the templates to be used for generation (templates in ../src/templates)
- 50. GRAILS // GSP Groovy Server Pages <html> <head> <meta name=“layout“ content=“main“ /> <title>Book List</title> </head> <body> <a href=“ $ {createLinkTo(dir:’’)} ”>Home</a> <g:link action=“create”> New Book</g:link> <g:if test=“ $ { flash.message } ”> ${flash.message} </g:if> <g:each in=“${bookList}”> $ {it.title} </g:each> </body> </html> V M C S J
- 51. GRAILS // Rich Set of Dynamic Tag Libs • Logical: if, else, elseif • Iterative: while, each, collect, findAll… • Linking: link, createLink, createLinkTo • Ajax: remoteFunction, remoteLink, formRemote, submitToRemote… • Form: form, select, currencySelect, localSelect, datePicker, checkBox… • Rendering: render*, layout*, paginate… • Validation: eachError, hasError, message • UI: rich TextEditor… V M C S J
- 52. GRAILS // URL Convention • URL mapping convention: controller/action/id http://localhost:8080/library/ book / show / 1 • Scaffolding can be ▪ dynamic (def scaffold = true) ▪ static (code generation) • Controllers pass data to the view through maps • Direct access to parameters • Easy redirect and forward • Can define allowed methods for each action V M C S J
- 53. GRAILS // Controllers provide actions to execute (call) class Book Controller { def index = { redirect(action:list,params:params) } def list = { [ bookList: Book.list( params )] } def show = { [ book : Book.get( params.id ) ] } def edit = { def book = Book.get( params.id ) if(!book) { flash.message = “Book ${params.id} not found” redirect(action:list) } else return [ book : book ] } } V M C S J
- 54. GRAILS // Chaining and Flashing Source: G. K. Rocher, The Definite Guide to Grails, Apress, 2006
- 55. GRAILS // Services • Services are Groovy classes that should contain your business logic • Automatic injection of services in controllers & services simply by declaring a field: class BookController { MySuperService mySuperService } V M C S J
- 56. Grails // Jobs • You can create recuring events with Quartz under the hood, configured by Spring • Again a convention on the name and directory • Regular intervals, or cron definitions • class My Job {} def cronExpression = “0 0 24 * * ?” def execute() { print “Job run!” } } V M C S J
- 57. Further Reading