4. Computer Aided Design
Computer Aided Design(CAD) is the Use of Computer
System to Assist in the Creation , Modification , Analysis or
Optimization of Design.
6. Animation
Animation is the Process Of Creating a Continuous Motion
& Shape Change illusion by means of rapid display of a
Sequence of static Images that Minimally differ from each
other.
8. Frame Buffer
A Frame Buffer is a Large , Contiguous Piece of Computer
Memory(RAM) that stores Picture Definition. This Memory Area Holds
the Set of intensity values for all the Screen points and then retrieved
from the frame buffer and painted on the Screen One Row(Scan Line)
at a time. Each screen point is referred to as a Pixel or pel or Picture
Element.
10. Line Drawing Algorithm
There are two basic line drawing algorithm…..
DDA Line Drawing Algorithm
Bresenham’s Line Drawing Algorithm
11. DDA Line Drawing Algorithm
Programmer Specifies
(x,y) values of end pixels
Need Algorithm to find
out which intermediate
pixels are on line path
Pixel (x,y) constrained to
integer values
Actual Computed
intermediate line values
may be floats
Rounding May
Be Required
13. DDA Line Drawing Algorithm
DDA stands for “Digital-Differential Analyzer”.
It’s a “Scan-Conversion” line drawing algorithm.
It’s mainly based on calculating either Δx (dx)
or Δy (dy)…
14. DDA Line Drawing Algorithm
Slope – Intercept Line Equation
y = m . x + b
Given Two End Points (x0,y0) and (x1,y1).
How To Compute m and b ?
(x0,y0)
(x1,y1)
dx
dy
m = dy / dx = (y1 – y0) / (x1 – x0)
b = y0 – m * x0
Δy = m * Δx
Δx = Δy/m
15. DDA Line Drawing Algorithm
If a line with positive slope (+m) or it’s less than and
equal to 1(m<=1), then we set ‘x’ at unit interval(Δx=1)
And compute each successive ‘y’ value by using following
Formula:-
yk+1 = yk + m
Where subscript ‘k’ takes integer values starting from 1,
For the first point, and increases by 1 until the final end
point is reached..
Left to right
16. DDA Line Drawing Algorithm
If a line with positive slope (+m) or it’s greater than
1(m>1), then we reverse the rule of ‘x’ and ‘y’, that is set ‘y’
at unit interval(Δy=1) and compute each successive ‘x’ value
by using following Formula:-
xk+1 = xk + 1/m
Where subscript ‘k’ takes integer values starting from 1,
For the first point, and increases by 1 until the final end
point is reached..
Left to right