The document provides definitions and descriptions of various construction terms related to visual dictionary entries. It discusses air barriers, attic ventilation materials like soffit vents and their purposes. Other topics covered include types of bricks, brick bonds, sizes of concrete masonry units, doors and their parts, electrical components, framing elements, insulation materials, joints in masonry, plumbing fixtures, roofing materials, steep roof elements, and more. Each term includes an image and brief explanation of its function in construction.

1. Visual Dictionary

2. Air paper barrier
 Definition: material that controls
air leakage into and out of he
interior/exterior environments of a
building.
 What is it doing? It is preventing rain
from getting into the wall assembly
while letting water vapor pass
through to the exterior.

3. Air paper barrier cont.

4. Attic ventilation
materials
 Soffit vent
 Ridge vent
 Gable vent
 Roof turbine

5. Soffit vent
 The soffit vent is the vent opening
located under the eaves.
 Why is it needed? it allows fresh air
to enter the attic area and flow
upward to the roof vents, where it
is exhausted.

6. Ridge vent
 A ridge vent is a vent along the entire
ridge line of a roof.
 Why is it needed? It allows air to flow
out of the attic, moisture to escape, and
prevents ice dams.

7. Gable vent
 A louver (screened vent) mounted at
the top of a gable.
 Why is it needed? It allows air passage
for the attic.

8. Roof turbine
 Why is it
needed? To
exhaust
moist, hot
air from
your attic.

9. backhoe
 Width of
bucket: 3
ft.

10. Backhoe cont.
 Definition: an excavator whose
bucket is rigidly attached to a hinged
pole on the boom and is drawn
backward toward the machine when
it is in operation.
 Type of work: primarily used for
digging in the ground and removing
large amounts of dirt, gravel, or
sand. With other attachments, a
backhoe can be used to lift heavy
objects, dig circular holes, and
break up concrete and asphalt.

11.  Definition: a Batter
temporary frame boards
built just
outside the
corner of an
excavation used
to carry marks
that lie on the
surface planes
of the basement
that will be built
in the
excavation.

12. Brick arches
 Brick arch #1:
segmental

13. Brick arches cont.
Brick Arch #2:
Roman

14. Brick arches cont.
 Arch with
a keystone

15. centering
 Definition:
temporary
formwork
for an
arch, dome,
or vault.

16. Brick Bonds
Brick bond #1:
Flemish
(alternates
stretcher and
header every
row)

17. Brick bonds cont.
Brick bond #2:
Running
(stretchers
every row;
seams don’t
line up)

18. Brick bonds cont.
rowlock

19. Brick bonds cont.
Headers

20. Brick bonds cont.
Soldier

21. Brick bonds cont.
Sailor

22. Brick bonds cont.
 Stretcher
rowlocks
(shiners)

23. Brick sizes
Modular:
2 1/4” x
3 5/8” x
7 5/8”

24. Brick sizes cont.
 Utility
brick:
3 1/2” X
11 5/8” X
3 1/2”

25. bulldozer

26. Bulldozer cont.
 Definition: a tracked vehicle
equipped with a substantial metal
plate used to push large quantities
of soil, sand, rubble, etc. during
construction work.
 May be found on small and large
scale construction sites, mines and
quarries, military bases, heavy
industry factories, and large
governmental and public
engineering projects as well as
farming.

27. cladding
 Brick clad
 Efis clad
 Stone clad
 Wood board clad

28. Brick clad structure

29. Efis clad structure

30. Stone clad structure

31. Wood board clad

32. Cladding cont. (wood
shingle structure)

33. Cladding cont.
 Wood shingle- a small unit of
wood nailed in overlapping
fashion with many other such
units to render a wall or
sloping roof watertight.
 Wood shake- a shingle split
from a block of wood.
 What is in the photo? - shingle.

34. Code requirements
 Egress
window

35. Measurements of egress
window
 Sill height aff- 22 1/2”
 Height- 28 3/4”
 Width- 35 1/2”
 Area- 6.99 ft.

36. Ibc requirements for
egress window
 The clear opening must be at least
5.7 sq. ft.
 The clear width must be at least 20
inches.
 The clear height must be at least 24
inches.
 Sill may be no higher than 44 inches
above floor.
 This window meets the requirements
because it is within all the required
measurements.

37. Code requirements
cont.
 Stairs
 Tread-
11”
 Riser- 8”

38. Code requirements
cont. (stairs)
 IBC Code for tread and riser:
 Tread- minimum of 10”
 Riser- maximum of 7 1/2”
 These stairs meet the IBC code
because they do not exceed the
maximum riser measurement and has
at least a10” tread.

39.  Black- control
joint Concrete
 Red- crack
 control joint: an
joints
intentional, linear
discontinuity in a
structure or
component,
designed to form a
plane of weakness
where cracking can
occur in response
to various forces
so as to minimize or
eliminate cracking
elsewhere in the
structure.

40. Concrete joints cont.
 Isolation joint separating sections
of a concrete wall.
 Rubbery substance allows
separation and room for expansion.

41. Isolation joint
 Definition: separation that
allows adjoining parts of a
structure to move freely from
one another, both in the
horizontal and vertical
directions.s

42. Concrete masonry units
 1 CMU= 3 brick courses

43. CMU cont.
 CMU (concrete masonry unit)- a
block of hardened concrete,
with or without hollow cores,
designed to be laid in the same
manner as brick or stone.
 Typical dimensions: 8” X 8” X 16”

44. CMU size comparison
 Black:
size
#1
 Red:
size
#2

45. Decorative concrete
masonry units
Split block ribbed block

46. Doors
 Exterior
flush door

47. Exterior panel
door
 Gray- top
rail
 Black-
panel
 Red- lock
rail
 White-
stile
 Blue-
bottom
rail

48. Doors cont.
 Transom- a
horizontal
crosspiece
over a door
or between a
window above
it.
 Sidelight- a
window or
opening at the
side of a door.

49. Electrical components
 transformer
 Service head
 Meter
 Service panel
 Duplex receptacle

50. Transformer
box
 Function: an
electrical
device that
changes the
voltage of
alternating
current.

51. Service head
 Function: to
transfer the
electricity
from the local
electricity
company to
your house
through a main
fuse.
 Connected to
the meter

52. meter
 Function:
receives the
electricity from
the service head
and measures
the consumption
of the power in
your house.
 The dials on the
meter record
the number of
units of power
used so you can
be billed.

53.  Function: to
connect all the
Service panel
electrical
circuits of a
building into the
main power line
and allow each
individual circuit
to be protected by
fuses or breakers.
 Contains breaker
to disconnect
house from the
power source.

54. Duplex receptacle
 A wall outlet
with two
receptacles;
allows the use
of electricity
safely in the
home or work
space.

55. Framing elements
 #1 Anchor bolt
 #2 Sill plate
 #3 Floor joist
 #4 Sub-flooring
 #5 Sole plate
 #6 Stud
 #7 Top plate
 #8 Ceiling joist
 #9 Rafter
 #10 Roof decking
 #11 Sheathing
 #12 Stringer

56. #1 Anchor bolts

57. #2 sill plate

58. #3 floor joist

59. #4 sub-flooring

60. #5 sole plate

61. #6 stud

62. #7 top plate

63. #8 ceiling joist

64. #9 rafter

65. #10 roof decking

66. #11 sheathing

67. #12 stringer

68. Front end loader

69. Front end loader cont.
 Definition: earth moving equipment
designed to move loose earth
and/or loads into vehicles. A multi
purpose bucket is fitted to
articulate arms at the front of the
vehicle. It may either be wheeled or
tracked. It doesn’t have a long
extended arm like a backhoe or the
large steel plate of the bulldozer.

70. Gypsum board

71. Gypsum board cont.
 Definition: panels or slabs of
wallboard consisting of
noncombustible gypsum core,
surfaced and edged with a
covering material designed for
various uses.
 A.k.a. Drywall, plasterboard

72. Heat pump/ air handling
unit

73. Heat pump/air handling
unit
 What is it
doing?

74. Heat pump/ air unit cont.
 One advantage of heat pumps:
they don’t burn oxygen or
create stuffiness like open
fires do. They are designed for
year round comfort.
 One disadvantage of heat pumps:
they require regular servicing
for optimum performance.

75. Compressor
 This compressor is
transferring and recycling
heat.

76. insulation
 Batt insulation
 Loose fill insulation
 Foamed insulation
 Rigid board insulation

77. Batt insulation
 The purpose of insulation is to
provide resistance to the flow of
heat and therefore increase the
efficiency of our heating and
cooling and end the drafts and
uneven temperatures that are a by-
product of heat flow.

78. Loose fill insulation

79. Loose fill cont.
 The purpose of insulation is to
provide resistance to the flow
of heat and therefore increase
the efficiency of our heating
and cooling and end the drafts
and uneven temperatures that
are a by-product of heat flow.

80. Foamed insulation
 The purpose of insulation is to provide
resistance to the flow of heat and
therefore increase the efficiency of
our heating and cooling and end the
drafts and uneven temperatures that
are a by-product of heat flow.

81. Rigid board insulation
 The purpose of insulation is to provide
resistance to the flow of heat and
therefore increase the efficiency of
our heating and cooling and end the
drafts and uneven temperatures that
are a by-product of heat flow.

82. lintel
 Concrete
lintel
 Definition: a
horizontal
beam used in
construction;
usually above
a door or
window.

83. mortar
 Joint #1:
raked
 Tooled
 Size: 1/2”
 Mortar: n
 Building:
jewelry
store

84. Mortar Cont.
 Joint #2:
Concave
 Tooled
 Size: 1/2”
 Mortar: n
 Building
Type:
dudley hall

85. Oriented strand board

86. Oriented strand board
cont.
 Definition: a non-veneered panel
product composed of long shreds
of wood fiber oriented in specific
directions and bonded together
under pressure.
 How is it manufactured? Strands,
flakes, or wafers of wood are
sliced from small diameter, round
wood logs and bonded with an
exterior type binder under heat and
pressure.

87. plumbing
 Lavatory
 Water closet
 Tub
 Plumbing roof
vent
 Kitchen sink

88. lavatory
 Size of
piping:
1.5”

89. Water closet
 Size of
piping to
drain
toilet: 3”

90. tub
 Tub set into
framing prior
to gypsum
board being
installed.

91. Plumbing roof vent
 The VTR has two purposes: one, to
divert sewer gases out of the building
to the outside air. Two, to equalize
pressure in plumbing pipes when water
goes through the drain.

92. Kitchen sink
(undermount)

93. plywood

94. Plywood cont.
 Definition: a wood panel composed
of an odd number of layers of wood
veneer bonded together under
pressure.
 How is it manufactured? The layers
are glued together so that adjacent
plies are at a right angle to each
other for greater strength.
 Veneer: a thin surface layer, as of
finely grained wood, glued to the
face of an inferior material.

95. Radiant barrier
 Reflective
barriers
that inhibit
heat
transfer
by thermal
radiation.

96. rebar

97. Rebar cont.
 Size of diameter: .625 inches;
#5/8
 Purpose of the deformations:
to help the concrete get a grip
on the bar.

98. Steep roof drainage
 Gutter
 Downspout
 splashblock

99. gutter

100. Gutter cont.
 Definition: a channel that
collects rainwater and
snowmelt at the eave of a roof.

101. downspout
 Definition: A
vertical pipe for
conducting
water from a
roof to a lower
level.

102. Splash block
 Definition: a
small
precast
block of
concrete or
plastic used
to divert
water at the
bottom of a
downspout.

103. Steep roof materials
 Underlayment
 Clay tile roof
 Wood shingle roof

104. underlayment

105. Underlayment cont.
 Definition: asphalt saturated
felt used beneath roofing to
provide additional protection
for the deck.

106. Clay tile roof

107. Metal panel roof
 Typical
materials
used:
Galvanized
steel

108. Wood
shingle
roof
 Shingle: a small
unit of water-
resistant material
nailed in
overlapping
fashion with many
other such units
to render a wall
or sloping roof
watertight.

109. Steep roof shapes
 Gable roof
 Gambrel roof
 Hip roof
 Mansard roof

110. Gable roof

111. Gambrel roof

112. Hip roof

113. Mansard roof

114. Steep roof terms
 Ridge
 Valley
 Eave
 Rake
 Soffit
 Fascia
 Building without fascia

115. ridge
 Definition: the
level
intersection
of two roof
planes in a
gable roof

116. valley
 A trough
formed by
the
intersection
of two roof
slopes.

117. eave
 The horizontal edge at the low
side of a sloping roof

118. rake
 The sloping
edge of a steep
roof

119. soffit
 The undersurface of a horizontal
element of a building, especially the
underside of a stair or roof
overhang.

120. fascia
 The
exposed
vertical
face of
an eave.

121. Building
without a
fascia
 Building has
no eave, and
therefore,
no fascia.

122. stone
 Random rubble
 Coursed rubble
 Random ashlar
 Coursed ashlar

123. Random rubble

124. Coursed rubble

125. Random ashlar

126. Coursed ashlar

127.  Defintion: a
material that
Vapor
prevents the retarder
passage of
water vapor.
 Which side of
insulation?
Underneath.

128. waterproofing
 Category:
loosely laid
 What is it doing?
Keeping water
out of the
building.

129. Weep
hole
 Definition:
small openings
in the outer
wall of
masonry
construction
used as an
outlet for
water inside a
building to
escape and
evaporate

130. Welded wire fabric
 Dimensions:
10’ X 6’

131. windows
 Window #1: single hung
 Has one moveable sash that slides up
and down

132. Windows cont.
 Window #2: Hopper
 Sash tilts inward; hinged on sill

133. Windows cont.
 Window #3:
Casement
 Sash tilts
outward;
hinged on
vertical
jamb