A brief introduction_to_west_nile_virus

4. chipmunk Any of several small, striped, terrestrial squirrels of the genera Tamias and Eutamias , especially T. striatus of eastern North America. 花鼠 ：几种 美洲花鼠属 和 花鼠属 的有条纹的陆生小松鼠，尤指北美洲东部的 金花鼠 红松鼠。 skunk Any of several small, mostly carnivorous New World mammals of the genus Mephitis and related genera, having a bushy tail and black fur with white markings and ejecting a foul-smelling oily liquid from glands near the anus when frightened or in danger. 臭鼬 ：一种体形小，大部分食肉的东半球 臭鼬属 及相关种属的哺乳动物，生有浓密的尾巴和带有白色斑点的黑毛，在受惊或遇到危险时从肛门附近的生殖器中射出一种恶臭的油状液体。

17. Progress of the West Nile Virus in the United States Cases Deaths Mortality Rate of reported cases 1999 62 7 11% 2000 21 2 10% 2001 66 10 15% 2002 4156 284 7% 2003 9862 264 3% 2004 2539 100 4% 2005 3000 119 4% 2006 4269 177 4% 2007 3623 124 3% 2008 1356 44 3%

20. States are colored according to the percentage of all U.S. West Nile Virus cases they represented in that year. Zero percent (no cases) is colored white ; less than 1% is blue ; between 1% and 5% is green ; between 5% and 10% is yellow , and greater than 10% of cases in a year is red .

21. This map reflects surveillance findings occurring between January 1, 2008 through December 31, 2008 as reported to CDC's ArboNET system for public distribution by state and local health departments.

25. 脑脊髓膜炎 [meningitis] 由身体其他部位的细菌 ( 包括脑膜炎球菌在内 ) 传染所造成的最严重的感染形式。发病迅速，其症状为呕吐，继之以剧烈头痛及颈强直 ( 通常头向后仰 ) ，幼儿可能出现惊厥。病患者可能在数小时内死亡。脑脊液脓会阻塞脑室与脊柱空间，造成威胁生命的脑积水。用腰椎穿刺迅速做出诊断配合抗生素治疗，可避免脑部伤害和死亡。病毒性脑脊髓膜炎，病程短，通常可自愈。 脑炎 [encephalitis] 脑部的炎症，最常见的原因为病毒感染。一类脑炎 ( 包括多发性硬化 ) ，损害隔离神经纤维而非神经元本身的髓鞘。多数类型脑炎的共同症状为发热、头痛、困倦、昏睡、昏迷。惊厥在婴儿多见。典型的神经体征包括动作失调，不随意动作，局部乏力。症状及腰椎穿刺 ( 取脑脊髓液进行分析 ) 可确定诊断，但不能查明病因。一般只作对症治疗及让患者充分安静休息，在复原后仍可能出现各种症状。

26. DEET ( N , N -Diethyl- meta -toluamide) A colorless, oily liquid, C 12 H 17 NO, that has a mild odor and is used as an insect repellent. 避蚊胺：一种无色的油状液体， C 12 H 17 NO ，气味清淡，用以驱虫。

27. Republic of Uganda

28. Capital (and largest city) Kampala Official languages English, Swahili Area Total 236,040 km 2 Water (%) 15.39 Population 2009 estimate 32,710,000 2002 census 24,227,297 Density 138.5/km 2

29. Republic of Uganda

30. Ugandan Kob ( Kobus kob ) Grey Crowned Crane ( Balearica regulorum )