1. Sultan Qaboos University
College of Education
Instructional & Learning Technology Department
TECH4101
Actions Model
Done by: Munira Alhadhrami
ID: 94106

2. ACTIONS Model
For selecting distance education media and technology
Printed materials
Access:
How accessible is a particular technology for learners?
Printed materials are extremely portable and accessible. Students can access for printed
materials by sent it through email or which are available in libraries. Print materials can be
used anywhere at any time, and students can review the materials at their own speed.
How flexible is it for a particular target group?
It is flexible for target group, they can choice what they want of printed materials and
Students don't need special equipment to use it.It could be available online.
Costs:
What is the cost structure of each technology?
The cost structures of printed materials are relatively inexpensive to develop or
distribute.Print materials are cost effective don’t need to pay more money.
What is the unit cost per student?
The cost per unit is $.05 on printing in most of the colleges and it seems very sheep. The
print unit cost of the courses for 100 students or more a years is still very low.
What are the opportunity costs vs. other technology choices?
A large portion of the printed materials distributed by industry, are now provided through
electronic fulfillment. Electronic fulfillment has lowered the cost per unit, eliminated
printed material obsolescence, and created flexibility to tailor materials, improved
turnaroundtimes. The Web has given us on-line World Wide access to information. But we
still rely on printed materials sometimes in a different form. The next generation of print
fulfillment companies will harness technology even more.
Teaching and Learning:
What kinds of learning are needed?
The learning needed such technology method is by lecturing the content to students by
sending the content and textbook via email.

3. What instructional approaches will best meet these needs?
All what learner needs to use print materials to reach more than of information and
knowledge by using print materials (brochures, postcards, business cards, posters, books,
promotional literature, etc.) or other in website, email and social media.And, for people who
are not on the computer for their day job, paper may still be one of the best ways to reach
them.
What are the best technologies for supporting teaching and learning in this environment?
Distance learning, print materials provide such way of learning in your own time and place.
Teacher can provide print materials in textbook or sent it via email and student can learn by
dealing directly in content. Both of receiver and sender have the same content so; the lesson
will be moresuccessful.
Can the content be adapted to the technology?
Print materials can be adapt any type of subject because it depend only in provide complete
information about that subject. Print materials can be available for learner to facilitate the
learning by provide an informational brochure or catalog can be on hand for reference, even
when online options are not available. Some people prefer to "dog ear" or bookmark printed
material or take notes right on the printed page.
What skills does the technology develop?
Print materials can develop skills of deep understanding of the content,writing notes,
reading skill.
Interactivity and User-friendliness:
What kind of interaction does this technology enable?
In print materials there is one interaction between student and content. Student can deal
directly with materials and they can highlight and classifying subject.
How easy is it to use and learn?
It is easy to use and learn for professional and beginner. Itdoes not need to learn how to use
or for additional equipment.

4. Organizational Issues:
What are the organizational requirements to provide stability and support?
It is very important to provide stability and support for print materials and to make sure
that courses will be successful. Also should provide supports organizations to produce print
material in alternative formats for people with print disability who are unable to read
standard print with ease due to vision impairment, a physical disability or a learning
disability. Also there an expert’s matter who can modify any things in the content of printed
materials and improve the quality of printing materials.
What are the barriers to using this technology successfully within the institution?
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Printed materials don’t reach young people with a low level of literacy.
Many people find it easier to understand and related to spoken word than to the
printed word or even pictures, so do not fit with all learning styles.
There is only one way of interaction that printed materials support
What changes need to be made within the organization to incorporate the technology?
Solving the circumstance related to the barriers will make essential change that come
incorporating such technologies.
Novelty:
How new is the technology?
Printed materials are not novelabsolutely, it is the first technology has been used and it
develops later after technology revaluation. In 1700–1900 they Use of mail to deliver course
material.
What are its technical capabilities?
Printed materials provide more credible information provide it for the learner.
Speed:
How quickly can courses be created and distributed with this technology?
This kind of course can be created and distributing in flexible way by provides in online .it is
easier to be portable in any place which is very common use around the world.
How quickly can materials be changed?
Change of this materials depend on the idea of the learner and updating of information, it
need to change the content according to improve that happen in the knowledge and the way
of teaching and learning.