The document discusses various concepts related to plate tectonics and volcanic landforms. It describes plate tectonics theory including evidence for seafloor spreading and subduction. It also discusses plate boundaries, mechanisms of volcanism, types of volcanic landforms such as shield volcanoes and calderas, and volcanic hazards.

1. Title Page Photo “ Zeal is a volcano, the peak of which the grass of indecisiveness does not grow.” — Kahlil Gibran (Brainquote.com)

2. Vocabulary pyroclastic flow (p. 440) pyroclastics (p. 429) reverse fault (p. 449 sag pond (p. 450) seafloor spreading (p. 416) shield volcano (p. 433) strike-slip fault (p. 449) subduction (p. 416) syncline (p. 446) thrust fault (p. 449) tilted fault block mountain (p. 449) transform boundary (p. 422) volcanic island arc (p. 422) volcanic mudflow (lahar) (p. 442) vulcanism (p. 428) graben (p. 449) horst (p. 449) igneous intrusion (p. 442) lava (p. 429) liquefaction (p. 452) magma (p. 429) magnitude (of earthquake) (p. 451) mantle plume (hot spot) (p. 426) midocean ridge (p. 420) normal fault (p. 449) oceanic trench (p. 421) overturned fold (p. 446) Pacific ring of fire (p. 424) paleomagnetism (p. 416) Pangaea (p. 413) plate tectonics (p. 419) anticline (p. 446) batholith (p. 443) caldera (p. 437) cinder cone (p. 437) composite volcano (p. 434) continental drift (p. 413) continental rift valley (p. 420) convergent boundary (p. 420) divergent boundary (p. 420) earthquake (p. 450) epicenter (of earthquake) (p. 451) faulting (p. 447) fault scarp (p. 448) flood basalt (p. 433) folding (p. 445)

48. Calderas: Massive crater, Lava dome (plug), Volcano “blows its top”