This document provides an overview of CCTV (closed-circuit television) systems. It defines CCTV and describes typical CCTV system architectures. It covers different types of CCTV cameras, including dome, PTZ, and IP cameras. It also discusses digital video recording, network configuration, transmission methods, and technological advances like video analytics and facial recognition. Finally, it provides examples of CCTV applications in various sectors like transportation, security, and education.

1. CCTV
Surveillance

2. L.SRINAGESH
For ADINO TELECOM LIMITED

3. PRESENTATION OUTLINE
 WHAT IS CCTV ?
 CCTV ARCHITECTURE.
 CCTV CAMERAS
 TYPES OF CCTV
 DIGITAL CCTV
 IP CAMERAS
 NETWORK CONFIGURATION
 CCTV TRANSMISSION
 TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT
 APPLICATION
 TODAY AND TOMORROW’S CCTV SYSTEM
 LIMITATION OF CCTV

4. Closed-circuit television (CCTV) is the use of video
cameras to transmit a signal to a specific place, on a limited
set of monitors.
It differs from broadcast television in that the signal is not
openly transmitted, though it may employ point to point
(P2P), point to multipoint, or mesh wireless links. Though
almost all video cameras fit this definition, the term is most
often applied to those used for surveillance in areas that
may need monitoring such as banks, casinos, airports,
military installations, and convenience stores.
WHAT IS CCTV
Dome CCTV cameras
Surveillance cameras on a corner

5. In industrial plants, CCTV equipment may be used to observe parts
of a process from a central control room, for example when the
environment is not suitable for humans. CCTV systems may
operate continuously or only as required to monitor a particular
event. A more advanced form of CCTV, utilizing Digital Video
Recorders (DVRs), provides recording for possibly many years,
with a variety of quality and performance options and extra
features (such as motion-detection and email alerts). More
recently, decentralized IP-based CCTV cameras, some equipped
with megapixel sensors, support recording directly to network-
attached storage devices, or internal flash for completely stand-
alone operation.

7. DISPLAY MONITER

8. CCTV Cameras :
CCTV systems have become extremely popular over the last few
decades as the technology has improved and become more
affordable. The majority of CCTV cameras in use today are usually
for surveillance and security purposes. CCTV systems can be found
in almost every bank, casino, mall, and large department store. In
fact, CCTV systems have become so affordable, most smaller mom
and pop stores also have CCTV systems in them for security
purposes.

9. TYPE OF CCTV
There are many types of CCTV cameras. They can be categorized by the
types of images they are able to capture, the amount of frames they can
take per minute, the type of connection to the monitor or video recording
device, whether they are able to move position, and special functions they
can provide.
Types of Images: CCTV cameras generally take both black and white or
color video images. In addition, many CCTV cameras even have night
vision capabilities that allow a CCTV camera to view and record low light
images using special technology.
Frames per Second: Frames per second is the amount of full frames that a
video camera captures and sends to a recording device or monitor per
second. While most CCTV camera systems easily capture 30 or more
frames per second, the amount of video tape or digital storage would be
enormous to record every moment of everyday. For most stores, speeds of
1 to 6 frames per second are more than enough to catch and record a
perpetrator committing a crime.
Pan Tilt Zoom Cameras: These types of CCTV cameras allow a person
controlling the surveillance of an area to move the camera remotely,
usually with an RF or wired controller. Most movable cameras allow the
person monitoring it to move the camera from right to left , up and down.

10. Cameras with Special Accessories: Certain CCTV cameras have special
functions that are made for specialty uses. For instance, there are
extremely small surveillance cameras that are used for spying (Nanny
Cams), night viewing, are vandal resistant, and that are specifically
made for indoor or outdoor uses.
Wired Vs. Wireless Connection
There are two main types of connections for CCTV cameras: a fixed
cable or a wireless connection.
Fixed Cable Connection
Fixed cable connection means that the camera is physically connected
to the monitor or recording device via a cable. Coaxial cables that are
similar to normal home TV cables are usually used. Lengths come in 25,
35, 50, 100, or 500 feet. As the distance increases, signal quality
decreases. For distances longer than 100 or 200 feet, purchase higher
quality coaxial cables such as RG59 coaxial cable for distances up to
600 feet and for distances more than 600 feet, but less than 2,000 feet,
purchase CAT5 cable.

11. Wireless Connection
Most wireless CCTV cameras use the 2.4 Gigahertz frequencies to
transmit their video images to a monitor or DVR (digital video recorder).
Usually, frequencies can be slightly changed to have more than one group
of cameras in a specific space. Wireless CCTV cameras that use this
frequency can easily transmit through most walls and obstacles. However,
each individual location will have its own operating limits. Expect most
wireless CCTV cameras to send data to a range of about 200 feet.
However, many will more likely work well when transmitting less than
150 feet. A clear line of sight transmission will always work best.
Obviously a wireless connection allows greater freedom to place CCTV
cameras almost anywhere. While wireless CCTV cameras transmit their
video images to a digital video recorder or monitor, many of these types
of cameras must be plugged into an electrical outlet. There are, however,
some CCTV cameras that are battery operated.

12. Tape vs. Digital Video Recorders
There are two main ways to record video images that CCTV
cameras capture. They are analog tape and digital video
recorders. Most analog video recorders use VCR tapes or
standard VCRs to record the images or special security time-
lapse VCRs to record images for a longer period of time..
VCR Tape Recorder
A tape recorder such as a security-time lapse VCR can record
CCTV camera images in either black and white or color for 2,4,
6, 8, all the way up to 960 hours, which is 40 complete days.
The determining factor is how many frames per second users
intend to record and how many cameras are hooked up to the
VCR for recording. For instance, if a user records 30 frames per
second (real time video), he/she will only be able to get a few
hours of video captured on the recorder. If users record one
frame per second or less, they can record for dozens of hours
before the video tape is full. VCRs are very practical, very
reliable, and extremely affordable.

13. Digital Video Recorders
There are two types of DVRs (Digital Video Recorders). They are either
stand alone devices or hard drives that are connected to a computer
system. DVRs work similar to VCRs, but the images they capture from the
CCTV camera is digital. The amount of digital images captured on a DVR is
determined by a few factors including the frames per second recorded,
the amount of cameras hooked up to the DVR device, the resolution that
the DVR saves the images at, and the video compression used (e.g.
MPEG4). For a common set up, where 4 cameras are shooting at 30 fps
and an image resolution of 320 X 240 is being used, each camera only
records when motion is on, and MPEG4 compression is used, users
should be able fill up a 20 to 25 GB hard drive in about 80 hours.

14. Main DVR Interface

15. What is Digital and Compressed
Video
 Digital refers to the process of digitizing or sampling the
CCTV analog
 video to transform an analog signal to a digital format
 Digital (uncompressed) 8-10bit video used by some
CCTV fiber
 transceivers – this is not IP video
 Compressed (or encoded) video removes some of the
redundant
 information in order to reduce data rates
 Lossless – removes redundant information without
affecting picture quality –
 45-90MB data rate
 Lossy – results in some reduction in video quality
(resolution, frame rate,
 color depth) over uncompressed image – 56kbps to
10MBps

16. How Does Digital CCTV Work?
Digital CCTV is a relatively new technology that has proclaimed itself to be
the next level in security monitoring systems. Recent advances in technology
over the past couple of years has made digital CCTV available and affordable
for virtually anyone to implement on their premises.
Versatile in design, digital CCTV operates across a standard ethernet, so no
extra wiring is required in the majority of situations. Once installed on your
premises, your digital CCTV network can be added to quickly and easily
simply by installing new CCTV cameras and adding these to your CCTV
software package.
Once your network of CCTV cameras have been installed on your site, you are
able to analyse both live and historic event-based video clips through your PC
monitor using the CCTV software supplied with your system.

17. Digital CCTV is unique in that it will only record images when
movement is detected. This ultimately means that you will only have
CCTV footage of activity: when something occurs across the camera's
field of view.
The quality of the footage generated by your digital CCTV cameras
means that evidence quality images are generated, which can be used
in a court of law to prosecute perpetrators. Analogue CCTV systems
invariably are unable to do this.
The integrational capabilities of digital CCTV mean that in addition to
working extremely well as a standalone security system, it can also
be connected to other installed security equipment.

18. What are IP cameras?
A growing branch in CCTV is internet
protocol cameras (IP cameras). IP
cameras use the Internet Protocol (IP)
used by most Local Area
Networks (LANs) to transmit video
across data networks in digital form. IP
can optionally be transmitted across the
public internet, allowing users to view
their camera(s) through any internet
connection available through a
computer or a 3G phone. For
professional or public infrastructure
security applications, IP video is
restricted to within a private network
or VPN

19. Easy access with IP cameras
 IP systems designed for large scale jobs –
school, military, multiple locations.
 Greater flexibility, includes VOIP.

20. Camera
Network
Video Server
CCTV CPE
CCTV
CO
Analog Camera
Network Camera
Camera
CCTV CPE
Backbone
Switch
DSL (2wire,24AWG) : ~ 4Km
Optic Cable : 15Km 까지
MAX 24 Port
MAX 2 Port
Ethernet
Ethernet
Network Configuration

21. Digital transmission

22. CCTV Optic CPE [ Model : C800F2 ]
 Capacity 1 Port (Standard) or 2 Ports
(Option)
 Interface CCTV Ethernet Data : RJ-45 Port,
2 Ports
Line Data : SC/PC Type
Optic Connector 2 Ports
Console : RJ-45 Port
 Connection Method P-t-P (Standard) , Ring (Option)
 Line Connection SC/PC (1310nm~1550nm)
Type
 Line Loopback Test
LB Test Switch
Visible LED : OK / Fail
 LED Power / Alarm / Optic ACT 1,2 / SF 1,2
/ Camera Link 1,2 / Cascade 1
 Size 175(W) X 230(D) X 31(H)
 Power AC 88 ~ 132V / 0.2A
AC 176 ~ 264V / 0.1A
43 ~ 63 Hz, On-Board Power
Module
 Temperature -2 ~ 50 ℃
Humidity 10 ~ 90 % RH

23. Technological developments
WATER
PROOF
CCTV
 Computer controlled analytics and identification
Today’s High-definition CCTV cameras have many
computer controlled technologies that allow them to
identify, track, and categorize objects in their field of
view.

24. Video Content Analysis (VCA) is the capability of
automatically analyzing video to detect and determine temporal
events not based on a single image. As such, it can be seen as the
automated equivalent of the biological visual cortex. A system
using VCA can recognize changes in the environment and even
identify and compare objects in the database using size, speed, and
sometimes color. The camera’s actions can be programmed based
on what it is “seeing”. For example; an alarm can be issued if an
object has moved in a certain area, or if a painting is missing from
a wall, and if someone has spray painted the lens.
VCA also has the ability to track people on a map by calculating
their position from the images. It is then possible to link many
cameras and track a person through an entire building or area.
This can allow a person to be followed without having to analyze
many hours of film. Currently the cameras have difficulty
identifying individuals from video alone, but if connected to a key-
card system, identities can be established and displayed as a tag
over their heads on the video.

25. Facial recognition system Is a computer application for
automatically identifying or verifying a person from a digital
image or a video frame from a video source. One of the ways to do
this is by comparing selected facial features from the image and a
facial database.
The combination of CCTV and facial recognition has been tried as
a form of mass surveillance, but has been ineffective because of
the low discriminating power of facial recognition technology and
the very high number of false positives generated. This type of
system has been proposed to compare faces at airports and
seaports with those of suspected terrorists or other undesirable
entrants.

26. Computerized monitoring of CCTV images is under development,
so that a human CCTV operator does not have to endlessly look at
all the screens, allowing an operator to observe many more CCTV
cameras. These systems do not observe people directly. Instead,
they track their behavior by looking for particular types of body-
movement behavior, or particular types of clothing or baggage.

27. Where is CCTV located?
 Cities and towns
 Car parks
 Within and outside organisations
 Car parks
 Residential areas
 Within private homes

28. Application – Toll Gate Surveillance System




Toll Gate
CCTV CPE #1
Monitoring
CCTV CO
Monitoring
Image Storage
Management/C
ontrol PC
Switch/Hub
Internet
Network
Switch/Hub Fiber optics
Cable
Manage/
Control
PC
Central Control Station
Toll gate office or
Traffic Surveillance Center
Telephone Line
Max. ~5Km

29. Application – Apartment Surveillance System




Apartment Area
Switch/Hub
Management/
Control PC
Image Storage
CCTV CO
Monitoring
Internet
Network
Apartment Managing Office
CCTV CPE #1
Telephone Line
Max. ~5Km

30. Application – Factory Surveillance System
Area A
Area B
Area C




CCTV CO
CCTV CPE #1
Switch/Hub
Image Storage
Management/
Control PC
Monitoring
Central Surveillance Station
Telephone Line
Max. ~5Km

31. Application – Airport or Seaport Surveillance
System
Area A
Area B
Area N
CCTV CO #
CCTV CPE #1
CCTV CPE #N
Monitoring
Switch/Hub
Management/C
ontrol PC
Image Storage
Central Control Station
Telephone Line
Max. ~5Km

32. Application – Security Surveillance/Traffic
Control System
CCTV CO
CCTV CPE
CCTV CPE
Switch/Hub
MSPP
MSPP
Image Storage
Management/
ontrol PC
Monitoring
Internet
Network
Monitoring PC
Security / Traffic
Surveillance Area
Fiber optics
Cable
Telephone line
Max ~5Km
Central Control StationData Access Area

33. Application – Army Security Area Surveillance
System
Sector 1
Sector 2
Sector A
Sector B
Effective distance of
Camera Max. 5 km
Corps H.Q
Regiment or Division H.Q
CCTV CO #1
CCTV CPE #1
Monitoring
Switch/Hub
Management/C
ontrol PC
Switch/Hub
Fiber Optics
Cable
Image Storage
Management/C
ontrol PC
Phone
Line

34. Application – School or Kindergarten
Safety System
Section A
Section B
Section C


Kindergarten
Playground
Section #N Parents Check
Parents Check
Safety System
for Students or
Kid
CCTV CO #N
CCTV CO #1
CCTV CPE #1
CCTV CPE #N
Image Storage
Management/C
ontrol PC
Switch/Hub
Monitoring
Internet
Network
Telephone Line
Max. ~5Km

35. Today’s CCTV Systems
Central Control/
Recording
Camera n
Camera n
Camera n
Camera n
Camera n
Coaxial Analogue
Video
Coaxial Analogue
Video
CCTV Monitor
Controller/Recorder
Keyboard

36. Tomorrow’s CCTV Systems
Fixed IP Camera Fixed IP Camera Fixed IP Camera Fixed IP Camera
Fixed IP CameraFixed IP Camera
PTZ IP Camera
Dome IP Camera
CCTV Monitor
IP Keyboard
Ethernet - Copper UTP
Back Bone
Ethernet/ATM

37. Limitation of CCTV
 Analog systems focus on small scale
jobs, all cameras home run to a single
point.

38. CCTV Image Transmission System
using DSL/Optic Cable
 The system is for image transmission of CCTV camera applied
DSL and
Optic Solution.
 Max. transmission speed : 1Mbps / 5Km
Efficient Transmission Speed : 3Mbps / within 4Km
 Using Optic cable for long distance image transmission ( ~
15Km)
 Using Telephone line instead of Coaxial cable, it makes
maintenance
easier.
 Suit for Security and Surveillance system through Closed-
Network of DSL /
Optic.
 3U Shelf and 19’’ rack mount type for maintenance easier.
 System could be composed to Max. 24 ports using DSL/Optic
units by user
convenient.
 In case of using Optic system, Image transmission by 2 Ethernet
cables of CPE
which is connected with camera, also designable.

39. System Structure
CCTV DSL CPE [ Model : C800D2 ]
 Capacity 1 Port (Standard) or 2 Ports (Option)
 Interface CCTV Ethernet Data : RJ-45 Port 1 or 2
Ports
Line Data : RJ-11
Console : RJ-45 Port
 LED Power / Alarm / Line ACT 1,2 / Line Sync 1,2 /
Camera Link 1,2
 Reset System
 Line Loopback Test
LB Test Switch
Visible LED : OK / Fail
 Size 175(W) X 230(D) X 31(H)
 Power AC 88 ~ 132V / 0.2A
AC 176 ~ 264V / 0.1A
43 ~ 63 Hz, On-Board Power Module
 Temperature -20 ~ 60 ℃
Humidity 10 ~ 90 % RH

40. CCTV COT – Optic and DSL/Optic
Mixed Type

41. SUMMARY
 There is a lot we can learn from
different types of evaluations
 We can greatly improve the
effectiveness of security measures
 We are helping organisations to better
assess risks and implement better and
more cost-effective solutions