2. BACKGROUND FACTS
2.5 million people forced into
labor.
It is estimated that 1 .2
million children are trafficked
each year.
People are trafficked from
127 countries, to be exploited
in 137 countries.
$31 .6 billion dollars in profits
annually.
In 2006 only 5,808
prosecutions and 3,160
convictions through out the
world.
3. SON PREFERENCE IN CHINA
Preference for sons in China combined with easy access to
sex-selective abortions has led to a gender imbalance (3)
Sex Ratio at Birth (SRB) is over 130 in several provinces in
China (3)
Preference for Sons: higher wage earning capacity, continue
the family line, recipients of inheritance. (6)
Preference has led to female infanticide and abandonment
and neglect of girls (6)
4. ONE-CHILD POLICY: ‘FAMILY PLANNING’
Until 1960’s it was
encouraged to have as many
children as possible. (7)
The policy was introduced in
1979 (7)
‘One-Child Policy’ introduced
to address overpopulation. (7)
One-Child in urban areas,
exception: including twins,
rural couples, ethnic
minorities, and couples who
are both only children
themselves. (7)
5. GENDER IMBALANCE AS A RESULT OF
POLICY
10%-20% excess of
young men across large
pats of China (3).
2005- 1.1 million excess
males born across China
(3).
Societal Implications:
percentage of male
population will not be
able to marry
6. HUMAN TRAFFICKING: CHINA
China is a source & destination
countr y for human traf ficking
(8).
Cross-border traf ficking of
women is increasing (8).
Purposes of cross -border
traf ficking: commercial sexual
exploitation and forced marriage
to illegal adoption, forced labor,
and begging (8).
Source Provinces: Yunnan &
Guizhou (8)
Destination Provinces: Fujian,
Guangdong & Shangdong (8)
7. HUMAN TRAFFICKING: CHINA
Majority occurs within borders, around 600,000 migrate
annually overseas. (9)
Causes: lack of employment & rural -urban internal migration
(9)
Chinese Government placed on Tier 2 Watch List for 7 th
consecutive year (9).
8. ORGANIZED CRIME IN CHINA: TRIAD
Triad- refers to the many
branches of Chinese
transnational organized crime
organizations. (11)
Emerged in the 17 th century
with the emergence of secret
societies founded by Shaolin
Monks (11).
By 1950 300,000 Triad
members in Hong Kong (11)
9 main operating Traids: Wo
Hop To, Wo Shing Wo, Rung
Tung, Chuen Shing, Sun Yee
On, 14k, and Luen (11)
9. ORGANIZED CRIME IN CHINA: TRIAD
Destroyed Criminal Groups: (10)
1986- 30,000
1994: 150,000
Arrested Members: (10)
1986- 114,000
1994- 570,000
Most cities are safe, lack of police force (10)
12 officers per 10,000 residents
Police force: ill equipped, ill-trained, under funded, and understaffed
10. TRIAD: CRIMINAL ACTIVITIES & PROFITS
1880s- Counterfeiting (all 11)
1960’s & 1970’scounterfeiting Chinese
currency, copying books &
black market
Recently: watches, films,
designer items
Since the 1970’s more
activity with legitimate
business
Triads are more active in
costal provinces (12)
About 200 billion yuans
($24.7 billion) laundered in
China each year. (12)
