Short seminar about the Semantic Web for the "Artificial Intelligence" course at Politecnico di Torino (academic year 2012/2013)
An updated version is available at http://www.slideshare.net/luigidr/semantic-web-an-introduction
12. DATA ON THE WEB IS NOT ENOUGH!
weneedaproperinfrastructure
DATA SHOULD BE AVAILABLE ON THE WEB
accessibleviastandardWebtechnologies
DATA SHOULD BE INTERLINKED OVER THE WEB
i.e.,datacanbeintegratedovertheWeb
THIS IS WHERE SEMANTIC WEB COME IN
14. To a computer,theWeb is a flat,boring world, devoid of
meaning. This is a pity, as in factdocumentson theWeb
describereal objects and imaginary concepts.[…]
Adding semanticstothe Web involvestwothings: allowing
documents which have informationin machine-readable
forms, and allowing links tobe createdwith relationship
values. Only when we have this extra level of semanticswe
will be able touse computerpower tohelp us exploit the
information toa greaterextent than our own reading.
TIM BERNERS-LEE,1994
15. WHAT IS THE RELATIONSHIP WITH AI?
INFLUENCE
SometechnologiesintheSemanticWebbenefitedalotfromAIresearch
anddevelopment(andviceversa)
DIFFERENT GOALS
ArtificialIntelligenceapproach:buildsmartermachines,teach
computerstoinferthemeaningofdata
SemanticWebapproach:havesmarterdata,makedataeasierfor
machinestofind,accessandprocess
36. EXAMPLE:BOOKSTORE
http://...isbn/9780136042594 Artificial Intelligence: A Modern
Approach
Prentice Hall
Russel, Stuart
Norvig, Peter
title
publisher
author
author
http://...isbn/9788871925936
Intelligenza Artificiale. Un
approccio moderno
Prentice Hall
title
publisher
original
Russel, Stuart
Norvig, Peter
creator
creator
37. EXAMPLE:BOOKSTORE
http://...isbn/9780136042594 Artificial Intelligence: A Modern
Approach
Prentice Hall
Russel, Stuart
Norvig, Peter
title
publisher
author
author
http://...isbn/9788871925936
Intelligenza Artificiale. Un
approccio moderno
Prentice Hall
title
publisher
original
Russel, Stuart
Norvig, Peter
creator
creator
Whataboutmergingcreatorandauthor?
InRDF,itisnotpossible!
38. PROBLEM:FIELD NAMES ARE ARBITRARY
Synonyms:authororcreatorormakerorcontributoror…
Singularorplural:authororauthors
SOLUTION:STANDARDS
generalordomain-specific
41. FRIEND OF AFRIEND (FOAF)
GENERAL ONTOLOGY
Describepersons,theiractivitiesandtheirrelationstootherpeopleand
objects
http://www.foaf-project.org
BUILDING BLOCKS TO DEFINE STRUCTURED
RELATIONS BETWEEN PEOPLE
Definename,familyName,givenName,knows,age,nick,etc.
53. WEB ONTOLOGY LANGUAGE
INDIVIDUALS,CLASSES AND PROPERTIES
“PolitecnicodiTorinoisauniversity”
“PolitecnicodiTorinohasaprofessornamedElioPiccolo”
“PolitecnicodiTorino”isaobject:anindividualinOWL2
“university”isacategory:aclassinOWL2
“hasaprofessor”isarelation:apropertyinOWL2
“ElioPiccolo”isanindividual,too
56. EXAMPLE:BOOKSTORE
Intelligenza Artificiale. Un
approccio moderno
Prentice Hall
dc:title
dc:publisher
Artificial Intelligence: A Modern
Approach
Prentice Hall
dc:title
dc:publisher
Libro
Book
rdfs:type
rdf:type
owl:sameAs
http://...isbn/9788871925936
http://...isbn/9780136042594
62. DESCRIBE THE OFFER
default:Offering_1
agr:Offering ;
gr:hasBusinessFunctiongr:Sell;
gr:hasPriceSpecificationdefault:UnityPriceSpecification_1;
gr:includeObjectdefault:TypeAndQuantityNode_1.
Offering_1
LINK THE OFFER TO THE BUSINESS ENTITY
default:BookStore_1gr:offersdefault:Offering_1