1. Chapter 2: Cell processes and
energy
Miss Luzma Fabre

2. Section 4: Cancer
 Cancer is a disease in which cells grow and
divide uncontrollably, damaging the parts of
the body around them
 There are more than 100 types of cancer

3. How cancer begins
 Scientiststhink cancer begins with a
mutation, a damage that causes a
change in the DNA
 Cells begin to divide in an uncontrolled
way

4.  First,1 cell develops in an abnormal
way. As this cell divides, it produces
more abnormal cells. These cells form a
tumor
 A tumor is a mass of abnormal cells
that develops when cancerous cells
divide and grow uncontrollably

5. How cancer spreads
 Some cancerous cells may enter the
bloodstream and spread to other areas
of the body

6. Treating and preventing cancer
3common ways to treat cancer:
surgery, radiation, and drugs that
destroy the cancer cells

7. Surgery
 When cancer is detected on a specific
organ, surgery is the first option
 Doctors remove the tumor

8. Radiation
 Ifthe cancer has spread to other organs
or the tumor cannot be removed with
surgery, doctors use radiation (uses
high energy waves) to destroy fast –
growing cancer cells

9. Chemotherapy
 Chemotherapy is the use of drugs to
treat a disease. These drugs kill cancer
cells or slow their growth

10. Preventing cancer
 Avoid smoking
 Follow a healthy diet: eat many fruits
and vegetables, avoid foods high in fat
such as fatty meats and fried foods
 Protect your skin from sunlight