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Usable and Adaptable
       Business Software




      How the customer   What the customer
        explained it       really needed

Leon van der Ree                             08-10-2008
General Problem




         Companies are unable to find
   software that really support their activities




Leon van der Ree - Usable and Adaptable Business Software   08/10/2008   2/42
Cause


               Software development is complex

      Business Support Software is designed to
                fit a generic company

    Business Support Software is not designed
         to adapt to a changing company



Leon van der Ree - Usable and Adaptable Business Software   08/10/2008   3/42
Question


                     Is it possible to
              simplify the development of
                   business software,
         without being restricted in possibilities,
                  to be able to create
            custom business software that is
                 usable and adaptable?



Leon van der Ree - Usable and Adaptable Business Software   08/10/2008   4/42
How?

     User centered design
     Establish requirements
     Find development tools that:
           Reduce development time
           Improve maintainability of implementation
     Testing with real users
     Frequent iterations


Leon van der Ree - Usable and Adaptable Business Software   08/10/2008   5/42
Establish Requirements
      Literature Survey
      Experience at several companies
      T.E. Johnston & Co (Holland) b.v.

   General Requirements:
      Manage entities
      Support work process
      Manage overviews

Leon van der Ree - Usable and Adaptable Business Software   08/10/2008   6/42
T.E. Johnston & Co
                        Holland b.v.
     Supervising surveys of transshipments of
                    edible oils




Leon van der Ree - Usable and Adaptable Business Software   08/10/2008   7/42
Clients
                                                                          Survey
                  Survey                                                  Reports      Invoice
                  Assignment
                                            T.E. Johnston


                     Request
                      ETA

                             Receive
                              ETA




                                                                          Results     Results
                                             Assignment
          Agent
                                                            Assignment




                                       Surveyor                                     Laboratory


                                                     Attends on ship
                                                                                           Oil
                                                                                         Sample


Leon van der Ree - Usable and Adaptable Business Software    08/10/2008                           8/42
Problem


     Unique business
     No standard software available
     Custom software prohibitively expensive




Leon van der Ree - Usable and Adaptable Business Software   08/10/2008   9/42
Task Analysis
     Held interviews
     Analysed documents:
           Assignments
           Reports
           Overviews
     Worked at T.E. Johnston
     Observed activities at the office
     Observed transshipment in the harbour

Leon van der Ree - Usable and Adaptable Business Software   08/10/2008   10/42
                                                                         10/42
Current Support
 Currently different disconnected documents
 are used to support tasks:
     Overviews:
           on paper
           several different electronic versions
     Assignments and Reports:
           again different electronic versions


  This requires many repetitive tasks
Leon van der Ree - Usable and Adaptable Business Software   08/10/2008   11/42
                                                                         11/42
Main Entities
                                                                            Client

                                                                                     Parcel
                                                               Survey
                                                               Assignment


         Voyage
                                                                                     Parcel
                                                                            Client


                                                               Survey
                                                               Assignment




                                                                            Client


                                                               Survey
                                                               Assignment            Parcel


Leon van der Ree - Usable and Adaptable Business Software   08/10/2008                        12/42
                                                                                              12/42
Workflow Analysis




        Resulted in several detailed overviews




Leon van der Ree - Usable and Adaptable Business Software   08/10/2008   13/42
                                                                         13/42
New/Update
assignment

                                                                              Agent           Surveyor          Courier
                     Client

                                                         search and
                                                         call clients          call               call
                                                                                                                     send
                                                                                                                      BL
incoming         incoming                   phone
(Pura) list                   incoming
                     fax                     call
  e-mail                        e-mail
                  (history)

                                                                        Yes



                                                                                               Contains
                                                                                              hints about
                                                                                             assignment?


                 Contains
                                           No
               assignment?




                    Yes

                                                                                        No

                     Check
              with “Viezeboek”           Exists       Got new
                 if it already                      information
                      exists
                                                                                  Yes             update information
                                                                                                                                                      Update
                                                                                                                                                     Viezeboek
                                                                                                                                                     PC when
                    New                                                                                                                              canceled

                                                                                                                                   Yes
                                                                                                     Is assignment
                                                                                                        cancelled
                                                                                                                                    no
                                                                                                                                                                    Update
                   Add to                                                                                                                                            Krant
                                           Add to
                 Viezeboek                                Create
                                            Krant
                  hardcopy                               Physical                                                              Yes
                                                          Folder                                                              from                                                    Assignment
                                                                                                                            experience                                                    idle


                                                                                                                               Yes
                                                                                                                            from client
                                                                                Is Agent known?
                                                       Print assignment                                                                                                         No

                                                                                                                       Call                                                                 Update
                                                                                                  No                 Terminal                                    Agent found?                Krant
                                                                                                                                                                                Yes

                                                                                                                                          Terminal


         Leon van der Ree - Usable and Adaptable Business Software                                          08/10/2008                                                                14/42
                                                                                                                                                                                      14/42
New/Update
assignment



                   Client                                                    Agent   Surveyor        Courier

                                                       search and
                                                       call clients           call       call          send
                                                                                                        BL
 incoming       incoming                 phone
 (Pura) list                 incoming     call
                   fax
   e-mail                      e-mail
                (history)

                                                                      Yes



                                                                                       Contains
                                                                                      hints about
                                                                                     assignment?


                 Contains
                                        No
               assignment?



                                        Assignments are not always
                   Yes
                                          introduced by the client
                                                themselves
 Leon van der Ree - Usable and Adaptable Business Software      08/10/2008                          15/42
                                                                                                    15/42
Requirements
     One System
           Manage all their data
     Usable
           Provide easy access to all their data
           Support their workflow
           Support their communication
     Adaptable
           Allow for iterative development
           Allow support of changing requirements
Leon van der Ree - Usable and Adaptable Business Software   08/10/2008   16/42
                                                                         16/42
Leon van der Ree - Usable and Adaptable Business Software   08/10/2008   17/42
                                                                         17/42
Leon van der Ree - Usable and Adaptable Business Software   08/10/2008   18/42
                                                                         18/42
Leon van der Ree - Usable and Adaptable Business Software   08/10/2008   19/42
                                                                         19/42
file:///media/leon/Mijn%20Documenten/TU/Afstuderen/presentatie/assignment1-detail.png




                                           Leon van der Ree - Usable and Adaptable Business Software   08/10/2008   20/42
                                                                                                                    20/42
Leon van der Ree - Usable and Adaptable Business Software   08/10/2008   21/42
                                                                         21/42
Development Tools


     Improve maintainability of implementation
           Support iterative development
     Reduce development time




Leon van der Ree - Usable and Adaptable Business Software   08/10/2008   22/42
                                                                         22/42
Model-View-Controller
                   pattern




Leon van der Ree - Usable and Adaptable Business Software   08/10/2008   23/42
                                                                         23/42
Exploit Patterns
  Define entities with their relations:
           In the database
           In the development environment
        ⁎   In the user interface


   Techniques that support this:
           Object Relational Mapping
        ⁎   Administration Generation


Leon van der Ree - Usable and Adaptable Business Software   08/10/2008   24/42
                                                                         24/42
Object Relational Mapping
     Maps interface of database to
      OO-environment
     No more need to maintain both database
      and model-layer
     Supports basic CRUD procedures
     Generated Model-code is extendible
     Improves security



Leon van der Ree - Usable and Adaptable Business Software   08/10/2008   25/42
                                                                         25/42
Leon van der Ree - Usable and Adaptable Business Software   08/10/2008   26/42
                                                                         26/42
Data Model
                            One
        ⧫ City         to M                                  ⧫     Parcel
                           any
             Name                                                   Subject
Man
   y to     ⧫ Country                                               ⧫ Product
        One
                Name                                                Weight
                Abbreviation                                        ...
                                                                     Report
                                                                    ⧫ Assignment
                                                                          Subject


                                                                         ⧫ Client


                                                                          ...


                                                                         ⧫ Voyage


                                                                              ⧫ Vessel


                                                                              ⧫ ETA


                                                                               ...




 Leon van der Ree - Usable and Adaptable Business Software       08/10/2008              27/42
                                                                                         27/42
Defining
      # countries
      country:
       id:
       name:
         type: varchar
         size: 150
         required: true
       abbreviation:
         type: varchar(4)
         required: false

      # cities                                         country_id:
      city:                                             type: integer
       id:                                              required: true
       country_id:                                      index: true
       name:                                            foreignTable: country
         type: varchar(150)                             foreignReference: id
         required: true                                 onDelete: RESTRICT
                                                        onUpdate: CASCADE
Leon van der Ree - Usable and Adaptable Business Software   08/10/2008          28/42
                                                                                28/42
Leon van der Ree - Usable and Adaptable Business Software   08/10/2008   29/42
                                                                         29/42
Administration Generation


     Create user interface based on
      the data model and a configuration
     Generated code can be customised and
      extended




Leon van der Ree - Usable and Adaptable Business Software   08/10/2008   30/42
                                                                         30/42
Modified
  Available generator modified to:
           Improve configurability
           Allow to define foreign values
           Enhance interactivity
           Return dynamic JavaScript Objects instead of
            static HTML




Leon van der Ree - Usable and Adaptable Business Software   08/10/2008   31/42
                                                                         31/42
Open Source
  Released as an open source plugin


  community did:
           testing
           provided feedback
           improved code
           extended functionality
           motivated


Leon van der Ree - Usable and Adaptable Business Software   08/10/2008   32/42
                                                                         32/42
Generated Result




Leon van der Ree - Usable and Adaptable Business Software   08/10/2008   33/42
                                                                         33/42
Defining
    generator:
     class:        sfExtjsPropelAdminGenerator
     param:
      model_class: City
      theme:       extjs

        fields:
          country_id/name:
           name: Country

        list:
          display: [=name, country_id/name]

        edit:
         newtitle: quot;New cityquot;
         title:    quot;Edit city <b>%%name%%</b>quot;

          display: [name, country_id/name]

Leon van der Ree - Usable and Adaptable Business Software   08/10/2008   34/42
                                                                         34/42
Demo




              How do these views for cities look?




Leon van der Ree - Usable and Adaptable Business Software   08/10/2008   35/42
                                                                         35/42
Reduced Complexity
                      Generator                         Generated Code
               # files LOC      WC                  # files  LOC     WC    Ratio LOC   Ratio WC
 City Module      1      18     27                    44     2757   6589    153,17      244,04
 Voyage Module    4     151     310                   49     3449   8267     22,84      26,67




 Maintaining code with the generator is
 easier

 This has already proven itself during
 development

Leon van der Ree - Usable and Adaptable Business Software   08/10/2008                       36/42
                                                                                             36/42
Demo




                    Lets see how this all supports
                            T.E. Johnston




Leon van der Ree - Usable and Adaptable Business Software   08/10/2008   37/42
                                                                         37/42
Testing

     Before implementation:
      Mockups
     During implementation:
      Live demoing alternatives
     “After” implementation:
      In field scenario testing




Leon van der Ree - Usable and Adaptable Business Software   08/10/2008   38/42
                                                                         38/42
Results
     Concept of voyages got approved
     Replaced grouped grid by plain table-
      overview
     Moved invoices from parcels to
      assignments
     Opening assignments by double clicking




Leon van der Ree - Usable and Adaptable Business Software   08/10/2008   39/42
                                                                         39/42
Conclusions
     Simplifying the development process is
      possible
     Adaptability has already proven itself
     Usability looks promising, but has to proof
      itself after real use
     Plugin already used at several companies




Leon van der Ree - Usable and Adaptable Business Software   08/10/2008   40/42
                                                                         40/42
Conclusions
     Simplifying the development process is
      possible
     Adaptability has already proven itself
     Usability looks promising, but has to proof
      itself after real use
     Plugin already used at several companies
     TEJ has confidence in final application and
      wants to continue development


Leon van der Ree - Usable and Adaptable Business Software   08/10/2008   41/42
                                                                         41/42
Questions?




Leon van der Ree - Usable and Adaptable Business Software   08/10/2008   42/42
                                                                         42/42

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Graduation Project: Usable and Adaptable Business Software

  • 1. Usable and Adaptable Business Software How the customer What the customer explained it really needed Leon van der Ree 08-10-2008
  • 2. General Problem Companies are unable to find software that really support their activities Leon van der Ree - Usable and Adaptable Business Software 08/10/2008 2/42
  • 3. Cause Software development is complex Business Support Software is designed to fit a generic company Business Support Software is not designed to adapt to a changing company Leon van der Ree - Usable and Adaptable Business Software 08/10/2008 3/42
  • 4. Question Is it possible to simplify the development of business software, without being restricted in possibilities, to be able to create custom business software that is usable and adaptable? Leon van der Ree - Usable and Adaptable Business Software 08/10/2008 4/42
  • 5. How?  User centered design  Establish requirements  Find development tools that:  Reduce development time  Improve maintainability of implementation  Testing with real users  Frequent iterations Leon van der Ree - Usable and Adaptable Business Software 08/10/2008 5/42
  • 6. Establish Requirements  Literature Survey  Experience at several companies  T.E. Johnston & Co (Holland) b.v. General Requirements:  Manage entities  Support work process  Manage overviews Leon van der Ree - Usable and Adaptable Business Software 08/10/2008 6/42
  • 7. T.E. Johnston & Co Holland b.v. Supervising surveys of transshipments of edible oils Leon van der Ree - Usable and Adaptable Business Software 08/10/2008 7/42
  • 8. Clients Survey Survey Reports Invoice Assignment T.E. Johnston Request ETA Receive ETA Results Results Assignment Agent Assignment Surveyor Laboratory Attends on ship Oil Sample Leon van der Ree - Usable and Adaptable Business Software 08/10/2008 8/42
  • 9. Problem  Unique business  No standard software available  Custom software prohibitively expensive Leon van der Ree - Usable and Adaptable Business Software 08/10/2008 9/42
  • 10. Task Analysis  Held interviews  Analysed documents:  Assignments  Reports  Overviews  Worked at T.E. Johnston  Observed activities at the office  Observed transshipment in the harbour Leon van der Ree - Usable and Adaptable Business Software 08/10/2008 10/42 10/42
  • 11. Current Support Currently different disconnected documents are used to support tasks:  Overviews:  on paper  several different electronic versions  Assignments and Reports:  again different electronic versions This requires many repetitive tasks Leon van der Ree - Usable and Adaptable Business Software 08/10/2008 11/42 11/42
  • 12. Main Entities Client Parcel Survey Assignment Voyage Parcel Client Survey Assignment Client Survey Assignment Parcel Leon van der Ree - Usable and Adaptable Business Software 08/10/2008 12/42 12/42
  • 13. Workflow Analysis Resulted in several detailed overviews Leon van der Ree - Usable and Adaptable Business Software 08/10/2008 13/42 13/42
  • 14. New/Update assignment Agent Surveyor Courier Client search and call clients call call send BL incoming incoming phone (Pura) list incoming fax call e-mail e-mail (history) Yes Contains hints about assignment? Contains No assignment? Yes No Check with “Viezeboek” Exists Got new if it already information exists Yes update information Update Viezeboek PC when New canceled Yes Is assignment cancelled no Update Add to Krant Add to Viezeboek Create Krant hardcopy Physical Yes Folder from Assignment experience idle Yes from client Is Agent known? Print assignment No Call Update No Terminal Agent found? Krant Yes Terminal Leon van der Ree - Usable and Adaptable Business Software 08/10/2008 14/42 14/42
  • 15. New/Update assignment Client Agent Surveyor Courier search and call clients call call send BL incoming incoming phone (Pura) list incoming call fax e-mail e-mail (history) Yes Contains hints about assignment? Contains No assignment? Assignments are not always Yes introduced by the client themselves Leon van der Ree - Usable and Adaptable Business Software 08/10/2008 15/42 15/42
  • 16. Requirements  One System  Manage all their data  Usable  Provide easy access to all their data  Support their workflow  Support their communication  Adaptable  Allow for iterative development  Allow support of changing requirements Leon van der Ree - Usable and Adaptable Business Software 08/10/2008 16/42 16/42
  • 17. Leon van der Ree - Usable and Adaptable Business Software 08/10/2008 17/42 17/42
  • 18. Leon van der Ree - Usable and Adaptable Business Software 08/10/2008 18/42 18/42
  • 19. Leon van der Ree - Usable and Adaptable Business Software 08/10/2008 19/42 19/42
  • 20. file:///media/leon/Mijn%20Documenten/TU/Afstuderen/presentatie/assignment1-detail.png Leon van der Ree - Usable and Adaptable Business Software 08/10/2008 20/42 20/42
  • 21. Leon van der Ree - Usable and Adaptable Business Software 08/10/2008 21/42 21/42
  • 22. Development Tools  Improve maintainability of implementation  Support iterative development  Reduce development time Leon van der Ree - Usable and Adaptable Business Software 08/10/2008 22/42 22/42
  • 23. Model-View-Controller pattern Leon van der Ree - Usable and Adaptable Business Software 08/10/2008 23/42 23/42
  • 24. Exploit Patterns Define entities with their relations:  In the database  In the development environment ⁎ In the user interface Techniques that support this:  Object Relational Mapping ⁎ Administration Generation Leon van der Ree - Usable and Adaptable Business Software 08/10/2008 24/42 24/42
  • 25. Object Relational Mapping  Maps interface of database to OO-environment  No more need to maintain both database and model-layer  Supports basic CRUD procedures  Generated Model-code is extendible  Improves security Leon van der Ree - Usable and Adaptable Business Software 08/10/2008 25/42 25/42
  • 26. Leon van der Ree - Usable and Adaptable Business Software 08/10/2008 26/42 26/42
  • 27. Data Model One ⧫ City to M ⧫ Parcel any  Name  Subject Man y to ⧫ Country ⧫ Product One  Name  Weight  Abbreviation  ...  Report ⧫ Assignment  Subject ⧫ Client  ... ⧫ Voyage ⧫ Vessel ⧫ ETA  ... Leon van der Ree - Usable and Adaptable Business Software 08/10/2008 27/42 27/42
  • 28. Defining # countries country: id: name: type: varchar size: 150 required: true abbreviation: type: varchar(4) required: false # cities country_id: city: type: integer id: required: true country_id: index: true name: foreignTable: country type: varchar(150) foreignReference: id required: true onDelete: RESTRICT onUpdate: CASCADE Leon van der Ree - Usable and Adaptable Business Software 08/10/2008 28/42 28/42
  • 29. Leon van der Ree - Usable and Adaptable Business Software 08/10/2008 29/42 29/42
  • 30. Administration Generation  Create user interface based on the data model and a configuration  Generated code can be customised and extended Leon van der Ree - Usable and Adaptable Business Software 08/10/2008 30/42 30/42
  • 31. Modified Available generator modified to:  Improve configurability  Allow to define foreign values  Enhance interactivity  Return dynamic JavaScript Objects instead of static HTML Leon van der Ree - Usable and Adaptable Business Software 08/10/2008 31/42 31/42
  • 32. Open Source Released as an open source plugin community did:  testing  provided feedback  improved code  extended functionality  motivated Leon van der Ree - Usable and Adaptable Business Software 08/10/2008 32/42 32/42
  • 33. Generated Result Leon van der Ree - Usable and Adaptable Business Software 08/10/2008 33/42 33/42
  • 34. Defining generator: class: sfExtjsPropelAdminGenerator param: model_class: City theme: extjs fields: country_id/name: name: Country list: display: [=name, country_id/name] edit: newtitle: quot;New cityquot; title: quot;Edit city <b>%%name%%</b>quot; display: [name, country_id/name] Leon van der Ree - Usable and Adaptable Business Software 08/10/2008 34/42 34/42
  • 35. Demo How do these views for cities look? Leon van der Ree - Usable and Adaptable Business Software 08/10/2008 35/42 35/42
  • 36. Reduced Complexity Generator Generated Code # files LOC WC # files LOC WC Ratio LOC Ratio WC City Module 1 18 27 44 2757 6589 153,17 244,04 Voyage Module 4 151 310 49 3449 8267 22,84 26,67 Maintaining code with the generator is easier This has already proven itself during development Leon van der Ree - Usable and Adaptable Business Software 08/10/2008 36/42 36/42
  • 37. Demo Lets see how this all supports T.E. Johnston Leon van der Ree - Usable and Adaptable Business Software 08/10/2008 37/42 37/42
  • 38. Testing  Before implementation: Mockups  During implementation: Live demoing alternatives  “After” implementation: In field scenario testing Leon van der Ree - Usable and Adaptable Business Software 08/10/2008 38/42 38/42
  • 39. Results  Concept of voyages got approved  Replaced grouped grid by plain table- overview  Moved invoices from parcels to assignments  Opening assignments by double clicking Leon van der Ree - Usable and Adaptable Business Software 08/10/2008 39/42 39/42
  • 40. Conclusions  Simplifying the development process is possible  Adaptability has already proven itself  Usability looks promising, but has to proof itself after real use  Plugin already used at several companies Leon van der Ree - Usable and Adaptable Business Software 08/10/2008 40/42 40/42
  • 41. Conclusions  Simplifying the development process is possible  Adaptability has already proven itself  Usability looks promising, but has to proof itself after real use  Plugin already used at several companies  TEJ has confidence in final application and wants to continue development Leon van der Ree - Usable and Adaptable Business Software 08/10/2008 41/42 41/42
  • 42. Questions? Leon van der Ree - Usable and Adaptable Business Software 08/10/2008 42/42 42/42