Introduction to the iOS Ecosystem: why develop for iOS, what are the requirements, the tools and the processes to know in order to enter this world

1. iOS Ecosystem
Matteo Battaglio
Pragma Night @ Talent Garden
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2. Why iOS?
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3. Reason #1: Numbers
The size of the mobile market is huge,
and growing exponentially
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4. Reason #1: Numbers
Apple keeps holding a significant share
of the market, with a positive outlook
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5. Reason #2: Consistency
• The iOS platform is highly consistent
• Just 3 different device families (iPhone, iPad,
iPod)
• they target the high-end market
• the minimum set of features and APIs available
to all is well known
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6. Reason #2: Consistency
More than 80% of devices already run iOS 6
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7. Reason #3: Environment
Apple’s mission:
create an environment around
the user, not just sell products
• 500+ milion iTunes accounts,
with credit card
• the iOS customer is much
more willing to pay than
other platforms’ customer
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8. Reason #3: Environment
• Apple’s highly-controlled environment limits
unwanted phenomenons
• piracy
• fraudulent apps
• crappy apps
• Developers are less threatened than other
platforms’ developers
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9. Reason #4: Resources
• iOS frameworks and APIs are of first-class quality
• The documentation is structured and exhaustive
• Lots of books, articles, videos and tutorials
• High-quality developer community
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10. Reason #4: Resources
• Development tools by Apple
• Xcode is a full featured IDE
• Interface Builder is great for designing user
interfaces
• Debugger and profiler make it easy to find
anomalies
• iOS Simulator is super fast
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11. Reason #5: Fun!
• iOS devices are equipped with all sorts of sensors
• their computational power is enough even for the
more advanced tasks
• always connected to the Internet
There is no limit to the imagination!
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12. Reason #5: Fun!
Most popular app categories
1. Games ~ 140000 active apps @ $0.89 avg.
2. Education ~ 90000 active apps
3. Entertainment ~ 75000 active apps
@ $1.56 avg.
4. Lifestyle ~ 70000 active apps
5. Books ~ 55000 active apps
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13. Drawbacks
• Not-so-cheap hardware
• iOS-dedicated events almost absent
• Dependance upon a single company and its
decisions (non disclosure agreements, Xcode and
SDK update policies, etc)
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14. Hidden complexity
• iPhone
• iPad
• iPod
Just 3 different devices?
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15. Devices
iPhone 3GS iPod 4th iPad 2
iPhone 4 iPod 5th iPad 3
iPhone 4s iPad 4
iPhone 5 iPad Mini
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16. Display
iPhone 4 / 4S iPhone 5
iPhone 3GS
iPod 4th gen iPod 5th gen
320x480 px 640x480 px 640x1136 px
116 ppi 326 ppi 332 ppi
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17. Display
iPad 1 / 2 iPad 3 / 4 iPad mini
1024x768 px 2048x1536 px 1024x768 px
132 dpi 264 dpi 162 dpi
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18. Processor / RAM
ARMv7 ARMv7s
1 GB iPad 3 iPhone 5 iPad 4
iPhone 4S
512 MB iPhone 4 iPad 2
iPod 5th
iPhone 3Gs iPad 1
256 MB iPod 3rd iPod 4th
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19. Device Specs
• GSM Arena
http://www.gsmarena.com/apple-phones-48.php
• The iPhoneWiki
http://theiphonewiki.com/wiki/
• iPhone Dev Wiki
http://iphonedevwiki.net/index.php/Main_Page
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20. Requirements
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21. Phisical requirements
• A Mac (iMac, Mac mini, MacBook family)
• OS X (10.7+)
• Xcode (4.0+)
• An iOS device (not mandatory, but recommended)
• The iOS Simulator can’t be used to simulate
some features (e.g. push notifications, in-app
purchases)
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22. Skill requirements
• Object Oriented Programming
• C language
• Objective-C language & iOS SDK
• Apple guidelines
• Provisioning procedures
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23. Membership requirements
• Apple ID (free)
• Apple Developer Program (ADP) subscription
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24. Apple Developer
Program
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25. Apple Developer Program
Developer Programs
Name Price Deployment
iOS Developer
$99/year App Store / 100 devices
Program
iOS Developer
$299/year NO App Store / ∞ devices
Enterprise Program
iOS Developer
free NO App Store / 200 people
University Program
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26. ADP Sections
• Member Center
• manage users
• ADP subscription and renewal
• iOS Provisioning Portal
• development and distribution certificates
• adding and removing devices
• iTunes Connect
• app submissions
• tracking sales and trends
• handling payments
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27. Concepts
• Certificate
univocally identifies an actor
• Device
Devices must be enabled for testing
• App ID
Unique identifier for the app
• Provisioning profile
Asset which encloses the three concepts above
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28. Certificates
• Development Certificate
Each person in the team has his own
• Distribution Certificate
There’s one for the whole company (or single
developer)
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29. Devices
• Purpose
devices are used during development and testing
• Name + UDID
Unique Device IDentifier, 40 char-long string
e.g. 67a43b0925c7a8050ad788591ace81d1bda81bed
• Limits
1. The ADP allows for a maximum of 100 devices
2. A device can’t be removed from the list until the next
renewal of the subscription
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30. App IDs
• Bundle Identifier
unique identifier for the app
• Reverse domain name
e.g. com.mycompany.BestAppEver
• Wildcard character
e.g. com.mycompany.*
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31. Provisioning Profile
• What is it?
it’s a resource (a file) which bundles the App ID, the
device list and the certificates of the developers of
the team
• What does it provide?
it is bundled with the app and is used to authorize the
execution of the app on the devices and its
deployment and distribution
• How long does it last?
It is valid for one year, after which it must be renewed
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32. Provisioning Profile
• Development Provisioning Profile
‣ App ID
‣ (Development) certificate list
‣ Device list
• Distribution Provisioning Profile
‣ Distribution method (App Store or AdHoc)
‣ App ID
‣ (Distribution) certificate
‣ Device list (only in case of AdHoc deployment)
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33. Step by step
ADP $$ Certificates
MM
Development Distribution
O
MCertificates Certificate
MM Team Devices
MM Customers Devices
O
M MM
New APP App ID Provisioning M O
M
Xcode Install Build & sign
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34. SDK
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35. iOS
• Mobile operating system
ARM architecture, multitasking, Cocoa Touch,
multi-touch GUI
• Kernel XNU (like MAC OS X)
Originally developed by NeXT for the NeXTSTEP
OS, it is a hybrid kernel combining Mach and BSD
components, and an object-oriented API for
drivers
• Initially known as iPhone OS
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36. Cocoa Touch frameworks
UIKit
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37. iOS SDK
• Libraries and development tools
• First release in March 2008
• Side by side with Xcode e Mac OS
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38. Tools
• Xcode
The natural environment for app development
• iOS Simulator
The handy way of running and testing apps
• Instruments
The perfect tool for code analysis and profiling
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39. Xcode
• Integrated Development Environment
• Objective-C / Objective-C++ / C++ / C
• LLVM and GCC compilers and debuggers
• Interface Builder
• Source Control (Subversion / Git)
• Apple’s developer documentation
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40. Simulator
• iPhone / iPhone Retina (3.5” / 4”) / iPad / iPad
Retina
• Gestures, Orientation change, Memory Warnings
• GPS (iOS 5+ Simulator)
• Apps: Safari, Photos, Contacts, Settings, Game
Center, News Stand
• Fast! (It’s x86 and runs x86 apps, no ARM
emulation)
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41. Instruments
• Application performance analyzer and visualizer
• Integrated with Xcode
• Tracks user events, CPU activity, memory
allocations, releases and leaks, file I/O, network
activity, graphics and OpenGL
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42. Resources
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43. Resources
• Events
• Videos
• Books
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44. Events
• Apple WWDC
• Apple Tech Talk World Tour
• NSConference
• Pragma mark :)
http://lanyrd.com/topics/ios/
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45. Videos
• NSScreencast.com
• WWDC 2010 / 2011 / 2012 (ADP members only)
• iOS Development Videos (ADP members only)
• Lynda.com
• iDeveloper.tv
• Udemy.com
• University courses on iOS (published on iTunes U)
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46. Books
• Programming in Objective-C
• Cocoa Design Patterns
• Pro Multithreading and Memory Management
for iOS and Mac OS X
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47. Thank You!
matteo.battaglio@pragmamark.org
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