Biotechnology and nanotechnology involve the industrial use of biological processes and manufacturing at the nanoscale to produce and preserve food. Traditional biotechnology includes fermentation processes like brewing and cheesemaking, while modern biotechnology focuses on genetically modifying crops and livestock. Nanotechnology enables nano-sized food additives and coatings. Both biotechnology and nanotechnology have increased due to competition, efficiency demands, and consumer preferences, though their safety impacts require further research.