1. Mahmood Qasim
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2. What is Stress?
The pattern of emotional states,
cognitions, and physiological reactions
occurring in response to stressors.
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3. Various factors in the external
environment that induce stress
among people exposed to them.
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4. Deviations from normal states or
functioning resulting from stress.
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5. Major Causes of Stress
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Occupational Demands: Some jobs are more stressful than others.
Conflict between work and nonwork: Stress from competing
demands.
 Role Conflict
Role ambiguity: Stress from uncertainty
Overload and underload: Doing to much or too little
 Quantitative overload
 Qualitative overload
 Quantitative underload
 Qualitative underload
Responsibility for others : A heavy burden
Lack of social support: The cost of isolation.
Sexual harassment: A pervasive problem in work settings.
Unpleasant physical working conditions.
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6. Major Effects
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Stress and Task Performance
Stress and Psychological Well-being: Burnout
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Burnout: Some major causes
Stress and Health: The Silent Killer
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7. Burnout
A syndrome resulting from prolonged
exposure to stress, consisting of
physical, emotional, and mental
exhaustion plus feelings of a lack of
personal accomplishment
Intense and prolonged
work-related stress
Physical exhaustion
(fatigue, lack of energy)
Emotional exhaustion
(depression, feelings of
hopelessness)
Reduced performance
other negative effects
Attitudinal exhaustion
(negative views of others,
of one’s own work)
Feelings of low
personal
accomplishment
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8. Major Causes
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Stressful life events
The Hassles of daily life
 Daily hassles
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9. Managing Stress
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Personal Approaches to Stress Management
 Lifestyle management: The effect of diet and exercise
 Physiological techniques: Relaxation and meditation
Cognitive Techniques: Thinking yourself out of stress
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10. Managing Stress
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Family-supportive practice: Helping to reduce the stress of
work
Stress management programs
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11. Questions for Discussion
1. What concrete steps can organizations take with respect to
new hires to assure that they don not experience entry shock
upon joining the company?
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