1. Mahmood Qasim

2. WHAT IS PERCEPTION ?
The processes of interpreting our senses
to provide order and meaning to the
environment.
Mahmood Qasim

3. COMPONENTS OF PERCEPTION
Perceiver
Target
Situation
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4. SUBPROCESS OF PERCEPTION
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5. PERCEPTUAL SELECTIVITY
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6. PERCEPTUAL SELECTIVITY
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7. External Attention Factor
A loud noiseStrong odor Bright light -
Soft noise
Weak odor
Dim light
LIGHT LIGHT
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8. External Attention Factor
A big supervisor will receive more
attention against a small one.
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9. External Attention Factor
DANGER
DANGER
External stimuli which stand out
against the background or which are
not what people are expecting will
receive their attention.
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10. External Attention Factor
A repeated external stimulus is ,ore
attention getting than a single one.
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11. External Attention Factor
The End
We pay more attention to moving objects
in their field of vision than they will to
stationary objects.
The Beginning
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12. External Attention Factor.
New objects or events in a familiar setting or
familiar objects or events in a new setting will
draw the attention of the perceiver.
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13. Internal Set Factors
TURN
OFF THE
THE ENGINE
M-A-C-T-A-I-V-H
M-A-C-D-O-N-A-L-D
M-A-C-B-E-T-H
M-A-C-H-I-N-E-R-Y
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14. Internal Set Factors
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15. Internal Set Factors
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16. Internal Set Factors
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17. Internal Set Factors
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18. Internal Set Factors
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19. Perceptual Organization
FLY
TIE
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20. Perceptual Organization
Closure
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21. Perceptual Organization
Proximity
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22. Perceptual Organization
Similarity
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23. Perceptual Organization
Continuity
Cna yuo raed tihs? Olny 55 plepoe out of 100 can.
i cdnuolt blveiee taht I cluod aulaclty uesdnatnrd waht I was
rdanieg. The phaonmneal pweor of the hmuan mnid, aoccdrnig
to a rscheearch at Cmabrigde Uinervtisy, it dseno’t mtaetr in
waht oerdr the ltteres in a wrod are, the olny iproamtnt tihng is
taht the frsit and lsat ltteer be in the rghit pclae. The rset can be
a taotl mses and you can sitll raed it whotuit a pboerlm. Tihs is
bcuseae the huamn mnid deos not raed ervey lteter by istlef, but
the wrod as a wlohe. Azanmig huh? yaeh and I awlyas tghuhot
slpeling was ipmorantt!
Mahmood Qasim

24. Perceptual Organization
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25. Perceptual Organization
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26. Perceptual Organization
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27. Social Perception
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28. Social Perception
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29. Social Perception
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30. Kelley’s Model of Attribution
Example of Organizational
Behavior (poor performance of
an associate)
Types of information /
observation
Co-workers are also performing poorly on this task.
High Consensus
The associate dose not do well on this task during only
one time period
Low Consistency
The associate does well on other tasks, but not this one.
High Distinctiveness
Co-workers are performing very well on this task.
Attribution
Modes
Low Consensus
The associate does not do well on this task at any one
time.
High Consistency
The associate does poorly on other task as well as this
one.
Low Distinctiveness
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Situational
Attribution
External
(Situational or
environmental
factors)
Dispositional
Attributions
Internal
(personal
factors)

31. Social Perception
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32. Social Perception
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33. Impression Management
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34. Impression Management
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35. Questions for Discussion
1.
Discuss how differences in the experiences of students and professors might
affect their perceptions of students’ written work and class comments.
2.
Discuss the occupational stereotypes that you hold of computer
programmers, clerks, mini wagon drivers, waiters, bankers. How do you think
these stereotypes have developed? Has an occupational stereotype ever caused
you to commit a socially embarrassing error when meeting someone for the first
time?
3.
Suppose an employee does a particularly poor job on an assigned project. Discuss
the attribution process that this person’s manager will use to form judgments
about this poor performance. Be sure to discuss how the manager will use
consistency, consensus, and distinctiveness cues.
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36. Questions for Discussion
4. What kind of things people might do to be able to enhance the impressions they
leave on others in organizations?
5. Describe an organizational situation in which it would be important to judge
whether someone’s behavior stems primarily from internal or external causes.
6. How do stereotypes influence the way we judge others in organizations? How
may stereotypical judgments be overcome?
7. Differentiate Sensation and Perception. Explain how does Halo Effect impact our
decision making.
8. Define perception. Explain the various factors that affect perception.
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