2. What is the CVD?
Cerebrovascular disease is a group of brain
dysfunctions related to disease of the blood
vessels supplying the brain.
Hypertension is the most important cause
It damages the blood vessel lining,
endothelium, exposing the underlying
collagen.
3. Anatomy of Cerebral
Vascular 1
-Internal Carotid
Artery System
-Vertebral Basilar
Arterial System
-Willis Circulation
10. Classification of CVD
• Cerebral Infarction, CI
(or called Cerebral Ischemic Stroke)
• Intracerebral
Hemorrhage, ICH
• Subarachnoid
Hemorrhage
• Transient Ischemic
Attack, TIA
11. Cerebral Infarction, CI
A Cerebral Infarction is the ischemic kind
of stroke due to a disturbance in the blood
vessels supplying blood to the brain.
17. Infarction Stages 3
Late stage (> 1 weeks)
Removal of tissue by macrophages
Fluid filled cysts with dark grey margin (gliosis)
18. Principle of Diagnosis
• The middle aged people and the elder
• Hypertension, Hyperlipidemia, Diabetes, TIA
History
• Disease onsets in quiet situation
• Symptoms gradually worsened
• Hemiplegia, Aphasia, etc
• CT, MRI test
19. Principle of Therapy
• Early thrombolytic
• Adjustment of blood pressure
• Prevention of brain edema
• Anticoagulant therapy
• Vascular dilatation
• Brian nutrition therapy
• Surgeon therapy
• Interventional therapy
20. Principle of Nursing
• Medication Nursing
• Prevention of Asphyxia
• Mental Nursing
• Health Education
21. Intracerebral
Hemorrhage, ICH
A Cerebral Hemorrhage (or intracerebral
hemorrhage, ICH), is a subtype
of intracranial hemorrhage that occurs
within the brain tissue itself. Intracerebral
hemorrhage can be caused by brain trauma,
or it can occur spontaneously in hemorrhagic
stroke. Non-traumatic intracerebral
hemorrhage is a spontaneous bleeding into the
brain tissue.
26. Brain Herniation
-Cardiac arrest (no pulse)
-Coma
-Irregular breathing
-Irregular pulse
-Loss of all brainstem
reflexes (blinking, gagging,
pupils reacting to light)
-Progressive loss of
consciousness
-Respiratory arrest (no
breathing)
27. Brain Herniation
(abnormal posturing)
• Decorticate posturing: with elbows, wrists and fingers flexed, and legs
extended and rotated inward
• Brain herniation frequently presents with abnormal posturing. a
characteristic positioning of the limbs indicative of severe brain damage.
28. Principle of Diagnosis
• Over age-50 who has history of hypertenxion
• Accidence in the emotional or physical
activtise
• Emerging the symptoms of intracranial
pressure rising and disturbance of
consciousness
• CT, MRI test
29. Principle of Therapy
• No movement, O2
• Adjustment of blood pressure
• Control of brain edema
• Application of hemostatic
• Surgeon therapy
30. Principle of Nursing
• Basic Nursing
• Prevention of Asphyxia
• Complications: Brain Herniation
• Complications: Upper Gastrointestinal
Bleeding
31. Subarachnoid
Hemorrhage
A subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)
is bleeding into the subarachnoid space
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37. Principle of Diagnosis
• More among the youth, Female>Male
• Accidence in the emotional or physical
activtise
• CSF test
• CT, MRI test
38. UNESCO Training the Trainers in Information Literacy Workshop, September 3-5, Ankara-Turkey 38
39. Principle of Therapy
• No movement, O2
• Adjustment of blood pressure
• Application of hemostatic
• Surgeon therapy
40. Principle of Nursing
• Basic Nursing
• Prevention of Asphyxia
• Complications: Brain Herniation
• Complications: Upper Gastrointestinal
Bleeding
41. Transient Ischemic
Attack, TIA
A transient ischemic attack (often
colloquially referred to as “mini stroke”) is a
change in the blood supply to a particular area
of the brain, resulting in brief neurologic
dysfunction that persists, by definition, for less
than 24 hours.
43. Typical Symptom
• Temporary loss of vision
• Difficulty speaking (aphasia)
• Weakness on one side of the body
• Numbness or tingling, usually on one side of
the body.
