all about landforms

4. WHAT IS MOUNTAIN?

5. MORE ABOUT MOUNTAIN?
•A mountain is generally steeper than a hill The adjective
montane is used to describe mountainous areas and things
associated with them. The study of mountains is called
Orography.
•Exogeology deals with planetary mountains, which in
that branch of science are usually called montes
(singular—mons).
•The highest mountain on Earth based from sea level is Mount
Everest (8,848 m (29,029 ft)) in the Himalayas of Asia.

6. HOW DO MOUNTAIN FORM?
Where an area of sea separates
two plates, sediments settle on the
sea floor in depressions called
geosynclines. These sediments
gradually become compressed into
sedimentary rock.
When the two plates move towards
each other again, the layers of
sedimentary rock on the sea floor
become crumpled and folded.
Eventually the sedimentary rock
appears above sea level as a range
of fold mountains.

8. MAP OF MOUNTAINS

11. WHAT IS FOLD MOUNTAIN?

12. MORE ABOUT FOLD MOUNTAIN
•Compressional forces in continental collisions may
cause the compressed region to thicken and fold, with
material forced both upwards and downwards.
•Since the less dense continental crust "floats" (cf iceberg) on
the denser mantle rocks beneath, the weight of any crustal
material forced upward to form hills, plateaus or mountains must
be balanced by the buoyancy force (see isostasy) of a much
greater volume forced downward into the mantle

14. WHAT IS BLOCK MOUNTAIN?

15. MORE ABOUT BLOCK MOUNTAIN
Block mountains are created when large areas are
widely broken up by faults creating large vertical
displacements. This occurrence is fairly common.
The uplifted blocks are block mountains or horsts.
The intervening dropped blocks are termed
graben: these can be small or form extensive rift
valley systems. This form of landscape can be
seen in East Africa, the Vosges, the Basin and
Range province of Western North America and the
Rhine valley. These areas often occur when the
regional stress is extensional and the crust is
thinned.

17. WHAT IS VOLCANIC MOUNTAINS?

18. MORE ABOUT VOLCANIC MOUNTAIN?
Volcanoes are generally found where tectonic
plates are diverging or converging. A mid-oceanic
ridge, for example the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, has
examples of volcanoes caused by divergent
tectonic plates pulling apart; the Pacific Ring of
Fire has examples of volcanoes caused by
convergent tectonic plates coming together. By
contrast, volcanoes are usually not created where
two tectonic plates slide past one another.
Volcanoes can also form where there is stretching
and thinning of the Earth's crust in the interiors of
plates, e.g., in the East African Rift, the Wells
Gray-Clearwater volcanic field and the Rio Grande
Rift in North America

19. fold
Block
•Himalayas of Asia •Sierra Nevada mountain
range of the western
•Alps in Europe
United States.
volcanic
•Mount Fuji in Japan
•Mount Pinatubo in the
Philippines

25. WHAT IS PLAIN?

26. MORE ABOUT PLAINS?
Plains occur as lowlands and at
the bottoms of valleys but also
on plateaus at high elevations.
In a valley, a plain is enclosed
on two sides but in other cases
a plain may be delineated by a
complete or partial ring of hills,
by mountains or cliffs.

27. EXAMPLES OF PLAINS?
•Prairies in U.S.A
•West Siberian plains in Eurasia
•Gangetic plains in India
•Hawang ho plains in china
•Po valley in Italy
•Pampas in Argentina

28. This is grass
plains

31. WHAT IS PLATEAU?

32. MORE ABOUT PLATEAU?
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A plateau is a highland with steep slopes and a
large summit area which rises abruptly from
surrounding region.
The surface of a plateau can be flat, rolling or even
hilly.
Plateaus occupy large portion of the earth surface
Some plateaus are very large and extends over
thousands of kilometers like Deccan plateau of
INDIA
Almost every continent has large plateaus
They are located at semi arid and arid regions of
the world
Some of them are found near the tropics or on the
leeward side of the mountain

34. MORE ABOUT INTERMONTANE PLATEAU?
Intermontane plateau are the highest,
largest and most complex in the world.
They are partly or completely enclosed by
mountain.

35. MORE ABOUT CONTINENTAL PLATEAU?
Continental plateau are extensive
tablelands which rise abruptly from
the bordering lowlands or from the
sea.

36. MORE ABOUT LAVA PLATEAU?
Volcanoes also form several types of plateaus.
The lava plateaus are formed by fissure flows.
The total thickness and the area covered by
the lava plateaus

39. Continental plateau