3. What is Corruption ?
In broad terms, corruption is the misuse of public
office for private gain (World Bank, 1997).
Corruption arises in both political and
bureaucratic offices.
Degrees of corruption vary greatly, from minor
uses of influence and patronage to do and return
favours, to institutionalised bribery and beyond.
The end-point of political corruption
is kleptocracy, literally rule by thieves, where
even the external pretence of honesty is
4. Types of Corruption
BRIBERY
An offer of money or favors to influence a public
official.
TRADING INFLUENCE / INFLUENCE
PEDDLING
Its the situation where a person is selling his/her
influence over the decision process involving a
third party.
GRAFT
5. It refers to favouring supporters, for example with government
employment.
NEPOTISM AND CRONYISM
Favouring relatives (nepotism) or personal friends (cronyism) of
an official is a form of illegitimate private gain.
EMBEZZLEMENT
It is outright theft of entrusted funds.
KICKBACKS
It is an official's share of misappropriated funds allocated from
his or her organization to an organization involved in
corrupt bidding.
UNHOLY ALLIANCE
It is a coalition among seemingly antagonistic groups.
6. Causes of corruption
Emergence of political elite
Artificial scarcity
Change in the value system and ethical
qualities
Absence of strong public forum
Over- population and widespread illiteracy
7. Corruption and India
As with many developing nations, corruption is
widespread in India. It has taken the role of a
persistent aspect of Indian politics and
administration.
Reasons:
socialist-inspired policies
extensive regulation, protectionism, and public
ownership
license raj
The first case of corruption in India was the
8. TRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL
SURVEY REPORT Most corrupt states
Bihar and J&K
Highly corrupt states
M.P., U.P.,Karnataka, Ta
mil
Nadu, Rajasthan, Chhat
tisgarh, Delhi, Gujarat,
Jharkhand, Kerala, Oris
sa
Moderately corrupt
states Andhra
Pradesh, Haryana, H.P.,
9. Statistics
CORRUPTION PERCEPTION INDEX
On the ranking based on the scale from 0
(perceived to be highly corrupt) to 10 (low level
of corruption), India scored 3.3 to grab 87th
position in 2010.
India has slipped three places in global
rankings of most corrupt countries, from 84 in
2009 to 87.
The outgoing Central Vigilance Commissioner
has said that almost one out of three Indians
10. 6 Major Corruption Scams in
India
SPORTS : IPL LALIT MODI SCAM
HEALTH : CORRUPTION IN BANK
FUNDED PROJECTS FOR HIV AIDS &
MALARIA (PROBED BY BRETTON
WOODS)
DEFENCE :THE BOFOR CASE
12. Corruption : Is there a way
out?
Corruption is a cancer, which every Indian
must strive to cure.
There are two approaches here to tackle
corruption:
1) What as an individual we can contribute
to stop or curtail this menace
2) The other is what can government do to
ensure the machinery is less corrupt or
remove corruption all together.
13. Community Participation
It is the community members are the people
who benefit from a successful program;
therefore, they would have stronger
incentives to monitor corruption at the local
level.
The Right to Information Act 2005
This Act enables the common man to seek
information about and closely monitor the
functioning of all the departments under the
purview of either the Central or State
14. Autonomous bodies for
monitoring corruption
Lokayukta
It is an anti-corruption ombudsman organization in the
Indian states for the redressal of citizens'
grievances against the politicians and officers in
the government service involving corruption.
CVC
It was setup by the Government to advise and guide
Central Government agencies in the areas of
vigilance. Its jurisdiction extends to all Central
Government Departments, Central Government
15. Zero Rupee Note
Next time someone
asks you for a
bribe, just take your
country’s zero
currency note and
hand it to them.
This will let the
other person know
that you refuse to
give or take any
money in order to
perform services
required by law or
16. 2G Spectrum Scam
What happened ?
CHEAP TELECOM LICENSES GIVEN
-Entry fee for spectrum licenses in 2008 pegged at 2001 prices
-Mobile subscriber base had shot up to 350 million in 2008 from 4 million in 2001
NO PROCEDURES FOLLOWED
-Rules changed after the game had begun
-Cut-off date for applications advanced by a week
-No proper auction process followed, no bids invited
-Advice of TRAI, Law Ministry, Finance Ministry ignored
FAVOURITISM
-Unitech, Swan Telecom without any prior telecom experience got licenses
illegally
-Reliance Telecom was allocated spectrum ahead of the others
Total loss - Rs. 1.76 lakh crore
Main accused – then Telecom Minister A Raja
17. Commonwealth Games
Scam
What happened?
– financial irregularities in Queen's baton in UK.
– allowing CWG budget in other activities
– over-inflated price and bungling in purchase of equipment
– awarding overpriced contracts to companies like Omega
– approval to release 146 thousands pounds for AM films without checking
all the facts
– embezzlement of Rs 1.5 crore in the purchase of HOVA Courts for
Badminton stadium
– malpractices in the tender for kitchen equipment installation
– misappropriation in video board tenders
– payment to non-existent parties
– will-ful delays in execution of contracts
Total loss- about Rs 8,000 crore
