1. Linking Open Data
with Drupal
Emmanuel Jamin
Drupal.cat October 4th, 2012 Citilab, Cornellá

2. Who am I?
Emmanuel Jamin
– PhD
• At Paris XI university (LIMSI-CNRS, Orsay)
– Research and development (EU projects)
• At Edelweiss (INRIA, Sophia Antipolis)
• At the Knowledge Lab (ATOS, Barcelona)
– Now
• Semantic Web consultant in Barcelona
• www.OpenData-consulting.com
• @openDataC

3. Plan
Introduction to Open Data
Introduction to the Semantic Web
From Open Data to Linked Data

5. A – OD - Definition
“Open data is data that can be freely used,
reused and redistributed by anyone –
subject only, at most, to the requirement to
attribute and sharealike.”
http://OpenDefinition.org

6. A – OD - Principles
> Availability and Access
Availability and
Access
Reuse and Redistribution
> Reuse and Redistribution
Universal Participation
> Universal Participation

7. A – OD – Small history
1957-1958: 1st concept
“open access to scientific data”
2001: 1st definition
“the web of data” (Tim Berners Lee)
2004-05: 1st fondation
Open Knowledge Fondation (http://okfn.org/)
2009-05: 1st Open Government platform in US
http://data.gov
2012-09: 1st Open Knowledge Festival
http://okfestival.org

8. Image by Peter Ito (2009): http://www.flickr.com/photos/peterito/3054501076/lightbox/

9. A – OD - Platforms
Open Cities
Open Science
Open Government
Transparency
Open Science
Open
Open Cities Government
Participation
Open Education Collaboration
Open Culture
Open Health Open Health
…
Open Education

10. A – OD – Status of OD
Topics
From: http://okfn.org/opendata/

11. A – OD – Status of OD
Database
Types of Data
Structured Data
Documents
Documents
Raw data Open Data
Raw Data
Structured data
Linked Data
Linked data Geo Data

12. A – OD – Status of OD
Heterogenous standards (Open Standard)
TXT
PDF - DOC PDF
CSV CSV
ZIP
XML ODT
RDF JSON
RDF
KML-KMZ XML
XSL
JSON

13. A – OD – Comparison
Barcelona Catalunya España
Datos.gov.es / Gen.cat / barcelona.cat
Website http://w20.bcn.cat/opendata/ http://www20.gencat.cat/portal/site/dadesobertes/
http://datos.gob.es/datos/
Topics Economy, Cartography and Public sector,
Cartography, maps, Facilities Culture and hobbies,
Population, Statistics, Science and
Environment, Meteorology. technologies,
Administration Nomenclators, Environment,
Health, Public Education,
transport, Turism Tansport
Formats CSV, PDF, XLS, TMX, ZIP, PDF, XHTML, HTML,
XML, RDF, TXT, ZIP CSV, KML-KMZ, PDF, XLS, XML, ZIP
DOC, XLS, XML,
JSON, RDF, SHP,
SPARQL

14. A – OD – Why opening up data?
Why opening up the data?
Why opening up the Data
Data?

16. A – OD – Why opening up data?
Facet search and browsing
Data integration
to compare easily
http://civio.es

17. A – OD http://manybills.researchlabs.ibm.com/
– Why opening up data?

19. A – OD – Why opening up data?
Big Data analysis
Graphic representation of dataset
Statistics
Graphic representation
to visualize it easily
Data reuse and combination
Data vizualization
Data integration
Data integration
Data reuse
to compare easily
Facet search and browsing
Facet search and browsing
– to contextualize information easily
Data contextualization
Data mapping

20. A – OD – Why opening up data?
Analyze it … Reuse it …
Opening the data
Reuse it
Open Data
Mix it
Analyse it
Mix it … Visualise it …
Vizualize it
For for a better comprehension!
a better comprehension

21. OD – The big challenge
The OD movement has:
The big challenge
The energy
The Open Mind philosophy
The public resources
Etc.
But something is missing ...

22. From: http://www.nathan.com/thoughts/unified/3.html

23. OD – The big challenge
Opening the data is great !
But it is not enough …
Linking Open Data !

24. Semantic Web

25. From: http://salesenablement.wordpress.com/2010/09/07/the-importance-of-context/

26. B – SW - Principios
Do not read the next slide
Do not read the next slide!

27. B – SW - Principios
You loose!

28. B – SW - Principios
Humans identify and interpret information
Humans identify and interpret information
Machines don't
Machines don't

29. B – Towards the structured web
Separate the content and the form
Separate the form and the content
XML and metadata

30. B–
Towards the Structured Web
Arbitrary metadata
XML and the metadata
<book/>
|
<chapter/>
|
<paragraph/>

31. B–
What do really understand the machines?
Arbitrary metadata
<hbskm/>
|
<rzañokt/>
|
<kmcsuhdd/>

32. B–
What is the last document have your read?
Which is the last document you read?

33. B–
Document?
Document
{ book, newspaper, paper, post-card … }

34. B–
The answer is based on a
Shared Ontology
The answer is based on a shared knowledge
We can understand
You can reason

35. B–
Document
Document
Book
Book
Roman / Novel
Roman Novel

36. B–
“An ontology is a specification of a
conceptualization”
(i.e. the logical description of the concepts
and relationships that can exist for an
agent or a community of agents).
Tom Grüber (1993)

37. B–
Towards the Semantic Web
Towards the Semantic Web

38. B – SW - Definition
the Semantic Web is
"a web of data that can be
processed directly and indirectly by
machines."
Tim Berners Lee (2001)

39. B–
The W3C normalization / scale
From: http://mmt.me.uk/slides/london011209/#(2)

40. B – SW – Resources
Everything is a resource
Everything is a resource
– Person Berners Lee
– Organisation W3C
– Document paper.html
– Event SW conference 2012
– … etc.

41. B – SW – Resources
Each resource is identified
with a unique reference.
Each resource identified with an URI
www.w3c.org/people/timbl.html#this Berners Lee
www.w3c.org/index.html#this W3C
www.w3c.org/papers/paper.html#this paper.html
www.w3c.org/events/swcon12.html#this SW con'12

42. B – SW – Resources
Namespace to reference
Namespace to simplify URI the URI
Namespace:
www.w3c.org/people/timbl.html#
Prefix
tbl: www.w3c.org/people/timbl.html#
CURIE
tbl:this

43. B – SW – Resources
CURIE to simplify the URI
Namespace to simplify URI
w3c:timbl foaf:Person
w3c:this foaf:Organisation
dblp:this foaf:Document
event:this foaf:Event

44. B – SW – Triples
RDFRDF
(Subject, predicate, object)
(Subject, predicate, object)

45. B – SW – Triples
RDF triples
web.html has author Tim Berners Lee
LinkedData.html has author Hausenblas
W3C has employee Tim Berners Lee
web.html is published at SW conference

46. B – SW – Ontologies
RDF-S → RDF-Schema
Definition of the
• Classes (concepts)
• and Properties (conceptual relations)
Hierachy organisation with conceptual
relations

47. B – SW – Ontologies
RDFS
– Book is sub-type of Document
– Novel is sub-type of Book
– Roman is sub-type of Book

48. B – SW – RDF graph
RDF triples => Linked Data
RDF triples = LinkedData
– W3C.html has author Tim Berners Lee
– W3C.html is type of Document
– Tim Berners Lee is type of Person
– W3C.html is presented at Web Conference 2012
– Web Conference 2012 is type of Conference
– Conference is sub class of Event

49. B – SW – RDF graph
RDF triples => RDF graph
Organisation
RDF triples = RDF graph
Event
Document Person
RDF graph W3C
Conference
web.html Tim
Berners Lee
SW conference

50. B – SW – Federated Dataset
Federated dataset
All resources are connected
Resources are connected over the web
over the Web
LOD site 1 LOD site 2
w3c:this w3c:this
tim:this ivan:this
doc3:this
doc1:this doc2:this
doc2:this

51. B – SW – SPARQL
Search and retrieve information
Find and retrieve information from the graph
from the graph with SPARQL
PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>
SELECT ?document ?authorName
WHERE {
?person rdf:type foaf:Person
?person foaf:name ?authorName
?authorName foaf:made ?document
}

52. B – SW – Giant Global Graph
Global Giant Graph
The web becomes one giant database

53. B – SW
Is this a fiction?
Is it a fiction?

54. B – SW
Google Rich Snippet
Rich Snippets
From: http://openspring.net/blog/2011/09/30/schemaorg-rich-snippets-drupal-7-rdfa

55. B – SW
Facebook
Open Graph

56. B – SW
Knowledge Graph
Google Knowledge Graph

58. C – OD + LD

59. C – OD + LD
From Open Data to Linked Data
From Open Data to Linked Data
RDFS
Open Data
RDF
JSON
Linked Data
XML
CSV
PDF
Structured Data

60. CFrom PDF to RDF
– OD + LD
From PDF to RDF
1. Document engineering
• Content extraction
• Content format
• Multimedia extraction
2. Knowledge engineering
• Term extraction (indexation)
• Recognition of Named Entities
• Ontology engineering
• Conceptual recognition and mapping

61. C – OD + LD
Synthesis about data formats
Síntesis de los formatos (table)

62. C – to arrive in LOD
To succeed with Linked Data
Linking Open Data
1. Data formalization
• Create or reuse ontologies (RDF, RDFS, OWL)
2. Data annotation
• Associate semantic metadata (RDF, RDFa, Microdata)
3. Data publication
• Publish your semantic data (RDFa, Microdata)
4. Data consumption
• Reuse all available data (SPARQL endpoints)

63. C – OD + LD
From Open Data to Linked Data
Data quality

64. B – SW – Big Giant Graph
Open Data + Data Interconnection
Linked
Linked Open Data Open Data
25 billion RDF triples over the web
25 billion of RDF triples over the web

65. From: http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/diagrams/lod/2010-color.png

66. B – SW – Big Giant Graph
Open Data + Data Interconnection
Linked
Linked Open Data Open Data
25 billion RDF triples over the web
http://dbpedia.org

67. B – SW – Big Giant Graph
Open Data + Data Interconnection
Linked Open Data
25 billion RDF triples over the web
The Web 3.0
is already here ...

68. Linking Open Data with Drupal

69. D – LODrupal - Drupal
LOD and Drupal
Availability and Access
Entities ↔ Resources
Entities ↔ Resources
RDFReuse and Redistribution
in Core
RDF in Drupal Core
Universal Participation
Semantic Web modules
and Semantic Web modules

70. Main Microdata Web modules
Semantic
Import Linked Data
schema.org
Microdata
SPARQL RDFx
SPARQL Views
SPARQL Views
RDFx
SPARQL

71. D – LODrupal – Mod1 ...
RDFx
From: http://drupal.org/project/rdfx

72. D – LODrupal – Mod1 ...
schemaorg
From: http://drupal.org/project/schemaorg

74. D – LODrupal – Mod1 ...
SPARQL
From: http://drupal.org/project/sparql

75. D – LODrupal – Drupal Prototype
Demonstration
Demo

76. E – LODrupal Hackathon
LOD + Drupal hackathon

78. E –LOD + Drupal hackathon
LODrupal Hackathon
Sprint 1: Sprint 2:
A1 - Consume OD B1 - Publish LOD
A2 - OD Integration B2 - Build LOD
applications
Saturday
Saturday
10/11/2012
08/12/2012

79. E – LODrupal Hackathon
References
− http://okfn.org/opendata/
− http://www.slideshare.net/fabien_gandon/web-smantique-
donnes-lies-et-smantique-des-schmas-2184768
− http://www.slideshare.net/scorlosquet/how-to-build-
linked-data-sites-with-drupal-7-and-rdfa
− http://www20.gencat.cat/portal/site/dadesobertes/
− http://w20.bcn.cat/opendata/
− http://datos.gob.es/datos/
− http://drupal.org/project/odv

80. Questions
Questions?
Thanks!