3. INTRODUCTION
OLED-Organic Light Emitting Diode
Organic-Organic materials
Definition-
Emissive electroluminescent layer is a film
of organic compounds which emits light in
response to an electric current
Electroluminescent layer – organic
semiconductor material is sandwiched between
two electrodes
One of these electrodes is transparent
7. HISTORY
First developed in the early 1950’s in France by
applying a high-voltage alternating current field
to crystalline thin films of acridine orange and
quinacrine
1960’s – AC – driven electroluminescent cells
using doped anthracene was developed
The first diode device was invented at Eastman
Kodak in the 1980’s by Dr. Ching Tang and Steven
Van Slyke
8. 1990 – electroluminescence in polymers was
discovered
2000 - Alan J.Heeger & Hideki Shrikawa received
Nobel Prize in chemistry for “The discovery and
development of conductive organic polymer
2008 – announced the creation of consortium
including Sony, Toshiba to produce OLED screen
10. Organic layers:
o Conducting layer - This layer is
made of organic plastic molecules
that transport "holes" from the
anode.
o Eg: polyaniline. Polystyrene.
o Emissive layer - This layer is made
of organic molecules that
transport electrons from the
cathode; this is where light is
made.
o Eg: polyfluorene, Alq3
11. Cathode (may or may not be transparent depending on the
type of OLED) - The cathode injects electrons when a current
flows through the device
Eg: Mg, Al, Ba, and Ca
•
• Substrate - The substrate supports the OLED
Eg: clear plastic, glass, foil
Anode (transparent) - The anode removes electrons (adds
electron holes) when a current flows through the device
Eg: Indium Tin Oxide
12. 1. Voltage applied across
Cathode and Anode
1. Typically 2V-10V
2. Current flows from cathode
to anode
1. Electrons flow to emissive
layer
2. Electrons removed from
conductive layer leaving holes
3. Holes jump into emissive
layer
3. Electron and hole combine
and light emitted
14. Perpendicular
cathode/anode strip
orientation
Light emitted at intersection
(pixels)
Large power consumption
Used on 1-3 inch screens
15. Full layers of
cathode, anode, organic
molecules
Thin Film Transistor
matrix (TFT) on top of
anode
Less power consumed
then PMOLED
Used for larger displays
16. DIFFERENCE
Passive OLEDs Active OLEDs
• The organic layer is between • Full layers of cathode and
strips of cathode and anode anode
that run perpendicular • Requires less power
• The intersections form the • Higher refresh rates
pixels • Suitable for large screens
• Easy to make
• Use more power
• Best for small screens
17. Transparent
substrate, cathode and
anode
Bi-direction light emission
Passive or Active Matrix
OLED
Useful for heads-up
display
Transparent projector
screen
glasses
19. Flexiable metallic
foil or plastic
substrate
Light weight and
ultra thin
Reduce display
breaking
20. Emits bright white light
Replace fluorescent lights
Reduce energy cost for
lighting
True Color Qualities
Environmental friendly
21. 7. Phosphorescent OLED
Use the principle of electroluminescence to convert
100% of electrical energy into light
Good energy efficiencies
Reduce heat generation
Operate at very low voltage
Long operating life time
Environmental friendly
23. • Each key can be programmed
to perform a series of functions
• Keys can be linked to
applications
• Display
notes, numerals, special
symbols, etc...
24. Sony
• Released XEL-1 in February 2009.
• First OLED TV sold in stores.
• 11'' screen, 3mm thin
• Rs.2,50,000
• Weighs approximately 1.9 kg
• Wide 178 degree viewing angle
• 1,000,000:1 Contrast ratio
25. ADVANTAGES OF OLEDs
OLED Displays Vs. LCD and Plasma
Much faster response time
Consume significantly less energy
Wider viewing angles
Thinner display
Better contrast ratio
Safer for the environment
Has potential to be mass produced inexpensively
OLEDs refresh almost 1,000 times faster then LCDs
26. OLED Lighting Vs. Incandescent and Fluorescent
Cheaper way to create flexible lighting
Requires less power
Better quality of light
New design concepts for interior lighting
28. OLED Displays Vs. LCD and Plasma
• Cost to manufacture is high
• Constraints with lifespan
• Easily damaged by water
• Limited market availability
OLED Lighting Vs. Incandescent and Fluorescent
• Not as easy as changing a light bulb
29. Lifetime
White, Red, Green 46,000-230,000
hours
About 5-25 years
Blue 14,000 hours
About 1.6 years
Expensive
Susceptible to water
30. Lighting
• Flexible / bendable lighting
• Wallpaper lighting defining new ways to light a space
• Transparent lighting doubles as a window
Cell Phones
• Nokia 888
31. Reference
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