Mostra Convegno Expocomfort, XVI EU Conference on "The Refrigerant Revolution , a 79% reduction" - Milan 20th March 2014

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The IIR

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• Food quality and safety from farm to consumer
• Comfort in homes and commercial buildings
• Health products and services
• Low temperature technology and liquefied gas technology
• Energy efficiency
• Use of non-ozone-depleting and low global
warming refrigerants in a safe manner
The International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR), an independent intergovernmental
science and technology based organization, promotes refrigeration knowledge and
associated technologies that improve quality of life in a cost effective and
environmentally sustainable manner including:

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60 member countries worldwide
500 experts
600 corporate and private members
www.iifiir.org

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Services:
FRIDOC, a refrigeration portal with over 100,000 references
Journals: the International Journal of Refrigeration (IJR – the best
scientific journal in its field!),
IIR Newsletter, books, Informatory Notes, and Statements.
Activities:
Conferences
Working Parties
Research Projects
Preparation of Standards

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INCREASING NEEDS OF
REFRIGERATION
INCREASING ENERGY AND
ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES
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The refrigerants issue

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FAMILY OF REFRIGERANTS MAIN REFRIGERANTS ODP GWP
CFC 11 1 4 750
CFCs CFC 12 1 10 900
Others 0.4 -> 1 6 000 -> 15 000
HCFCs HCFC 22 0,05 1 810
Others 0.020 -> 0.070 70 -> 2 400
HFC 134a 0 1 430
HFC 404A 0 3 900
HFC 407C 0 1 800
HFCs HFC 410A 0 2 100
HFC 32 0 720
HFC 1234yf 0 1
Others 0 4 -> 4 500
(except HFC 23 = 14 800)
HC 290 0 20
HC 600a 0 20
HC 1270 0 20
Natural Refrigerants R717 (ammonia) 0 ~ 0
R744 (Carbon dioxide) 0 1
Air, water 0 ~ 0

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www.iifiir.org

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Consequences:
• Thanks to the Montreal Protocol, CFCs and HCFCs will disappear and the
ozone layer will recover.
• Now CFCs, HCFCs and HFCs represent about 2% of greenhouse gas
emissions. They will represent 7% in 2050.
•HFCs are mainly used as refrigerants (80% of use).
• Easy to manage
• Interests of refrigerant manufacturers
• Short lifetime within the atmosphere.
• Even if energy issues have a more important impact than refrigerant issues: energy
efficiency of the equipment remains a major issue.

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1st question
EU regulation
Discussions in UN Conferences
2 Parallel Processes:
• Montreal / Vienna ― Kyoto / Rio
• North America / Micronesia ― Amendments to the Montreal Protocol
since 2009
Pros: the European Union, African and Island countries
Cons: India, China, Brazil, Gulf countries
• Hot political subject since 2012
• Difficult « negotiations » in Bangkok, October 2013: The state of the art of the
discussions

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The time schedule
Obtaining an agreement
on climate change
by key date : 2015
Possible actions before 2020?
In any case more delays are needed:
2040 vs 2033 for developed countries?
2050 vs 2043 for developing countries?
with a European « advance » of about 10 years?
Without any agreement: voluntary commitments
• Role of refrigerant manufacturers including China
• Price of HFCs, HFOs …
• Sector by sector approach
• Region by region approach

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Future technical
solutions and safety
consequences (1)
Technologies without refrigerants:
• Absorption / adsorption → conf. in the USA
• Magnetic refrigeration → WP; conf. in Canada;
Elicit project.
• Cryogenics → conf. In the Czech Republic
• Others
Reducing leakage
(cf The EU F-gas regulation) → IN
(Secondary fluids)
Refrigeration charge reduction → IN
• Savings and safety
2nd question

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Future technical
solutions and safety
consequences (2)
Choosing a low-GWP refrigerant:
other HFCs, mixtures, natural refrigerants
• Energy efficiency
• Safety issues
→ GL conferences (China) …
Strategic issues:
• Standards on flammability
• Regulations at international and
national levels

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• Phase down very soon of HFCs in Europe
followed by everywhere else with or without
an international agreement
• Different strategies old / new equipment
• Training for engineers and technicians is
necessary as well as research and
technological developments
• Belonging to an international scientific
and technical network
The role of the IIR
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Thank you!
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