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Stefano Filippini - LU-VE SPA - NUOVO AERO-REFRIGERANTE PER IL MIGLIORAMENTO DELLA QUALITA’ DELLA MERCE E PER LA RIDUZIONE DEI CONSUMI ENERGETICI
1. XV EUROPEAN CONFERENCE MILANO 7th-8th JUNE 2013 CSG
Latest Technology in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
Under the Auspices of the PRESIDENCY OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS
FRESH FRUIT CONSERVATION:
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS FROM A NEW AIR
COOLER CAPABLE OF IMPROVING THE QUALITY
OF THE FOOD PRODUCTS AND REDUCING
ENERGY CONSUMPTION
Stefano Filippini, Umberto Merlo (LU-VE Group)
Giovanni Lozza (Politecnico di Milano)
2. XV EUROPEAN CONFERENCE MILANO 7th-8th JUNE 2013 CSG
Latest Technology in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
Under the Auspices of the PRESIDENCY OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS
• Refrigeration is the
technique which allows
mankind to store
food products and
easily retrieve them in
times and places that are
different to the ones in
which they were
harvested and processed.
3. XV EUROPEAN CONFERENCE MILANO 7th-8th JUNE 2013 CSG
Latest Technology in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
Under the Auspices of the PRESIDENCY OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS
1. REQUIREMENTS OF THE FRUIT DURING
CONSERVATION
2. BASIC CRITERIA OF THE NEW “VALUE
DEFENDER” AIR COOLER
3. KEY STUDY – LARGE APPLE COLD STORE
4. CONCLUSIONS
SUMMARY
4. XV EUROPEAN CONFERENCE MILANO 7th-8th JUNE 2013 CSG
Latest Technology in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
Under the Auspices of the PRESIDENCY OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS
Respiration.
Transpiration.
Production of Ethylene.
Ripening.
POST-HARVEST “KEY” PROCESSES
REQUIREMENTS OF THE FRUIT
DURING CONSERVATION
5. XV EUROPEAN CONFERENCE MILANO 7th-8th JUNE 2013 CSG
Latest Technology in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
Under the Auspices of the PRESIDENCY OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS
RESPIRATION
…why limit it?
WITH LOW
RESPIRATION
COLD REDUCES
RESPIRATION
IDEAL: COLD CHAIN FROM
FIELD TO SHOP
INCREASE
- LIFE
- FRESHNESS
DECREASE
- WEIGHT LOSS
- HEAT EMITTED
- ENERGY
CONSUMED
6. XV EUROPEAN CONFERENCE MILANO 7th-8th JUNE 2013 CSG
Latest Technology in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
Under the Auspices of the PRESIDENCY OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS
VEGETABLE PRODUCTS AND RESPIRATORY INTENSITY
PRODUCT Respiratory
activity
mgCO2 kg-1 h-1
Seeds
Dried Fruits, Dates
< 5
Apples, Citrus Fruits, Kiwi, Grapes
Potatoes, Onions, Garlic
5 - 10
Apricots, Bananas, Cherries, Peaches, nectarines,
Pears, Plums
Carrots, Cabbage, Lettuce, Peppers, Tomatoes
10 - 20
Strawberries, Mixed Berries, Avocado
Cauliflower, Lima Beans
20 - 40
Artichoke, Green Beans, Spring Onions, Brussels
Sprouts
Cut Flowers
40 - 60
Asparagus, Broccoli, Peas, Spinach, Mushrooms,
Sweetcorn
> 60
7. XV EUROPEAN CONFERENCE MILANO 7th-8th JUNE 2013 CSG
Latest Technology in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
Under the Auspices of the PRESIDENCY OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS
TRANSPIRATION
Loss of water
vapour emitted from the surfaces of the product exposed
to the air, through the cuticle, stomata, etc.
Internal factors
Fruit and vegetable species.
Type of tissue.
Integrity and hygiene conditions.
8. XV EUROPEAN CONFERENCE MILANO 7th-8th JUNE 2013 CSG
Latest Technology in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
Under the Auspices of the PRESIDENCY OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS
TRANSPIRATION
Loss of water
vapour emitted from the surfaces of the product exposed
to the air, through the cuticle, stomata, etc.
External factors
Relative Humidity (<RH; >transpiration)
Temperature (> temperature > transpiration)
Movement of air (increase in transpiration rate)
Physical barriers (to avoid air-product contact)
9. XV EUROPEAN CONFERENCE MILANO 7th-8th JUNE 2013 CSG
Latest Technology in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
Under the Auspices of the PRESIDENCY OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS
1. REQUIREMENTS OF THE FRUIT DURING
CONSERVATION
2. BASIC CRITERIA OF THE NEW ”VALUE
DEFENDER” AIR COOLER
3. KEY STUDY – LARGE APPLE COLD STORE
4. CONCLUSIONS
SUMMARY
10. XV EUROPEAN CONFERENCE MILANO 7th-8th JUNE 2013 CSG
Latest Technology in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
Under the Auspices of the PRESIDENCY OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS
The air cooler
- is the most important unit
of the cooling system
BASIC SELECTION CRITERIA
Based on the application
- connects the product and
the refrigeration system
- determines the quality
of the stored products
11. XV EUROPEAN CONFERENCE MILANO 7th-8th JUNE 2013 CSG
Latest Technology in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
Under the Auspices of the PRESIDENCY OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS
NEW AIR COOLER RANGE
• Special design for lowest
energy consumption
• Fan on pressure side
• Angular design for higher
loading in cold store and
best air circulation
• EC fans
• Refrigeration circuit
optimized to operate with
very small ΔT (brine)
12. XV EUROPEAN CONFERENCE MILANO 7th-8th JUNE 2013 CSG
Latest Technology in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
Under the Auspices of the PRESIDENCY OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS
PRODUCT CONSTRUCTION.
Fan on suction or pressure side ?
Construction on pressure side allows the reduction
of air dehumidification, a crucial parameter for the
proper conservation of fresh fruits and vegetables
13. XV EUROPEAN CONFERENCE MILANO 7th-8th JUNE 2013 CSG
Latest Technology in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
Under the Auspices of the PRESIDENCY OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS
IMPORTANCE OF HUMIDITY AND ΔT1
The exchange area:
bears on the quantity of cooling capacity that can be
transferred towards the product
determines the quality of “cold” produced for the ΔT
determines the degree of RH, more important than
temperature for correct conservation
14. XV EUROPEAN CONFERENCE MILANO 7th-8th JUNE 2013 CSG
Latest Technology in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
Under the Auspices of the PRESIDENCY OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS
1. REQUIREMENTS OF THE FRUIT DURING
CONSERVATION
2. BASIC CRITERIA OF THE NEW “VALUE
DEFENDER” AIR COOLER
3. KEY STUDY – LARGE APPLE COLD STORE
4. CONCLUSIONS
SUMMARY
15. XV EUROPEAN CONFERENCE MILANO 7th-8th JUNE 2013 CSG
Latest Technology in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
Under the Auspices of the PRESIDENCY OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS
KEY STUDY – LARGE APPLE COLD STORE
To verify the efficiency of the new VALUE DEFENDER, a comparison
test was carried out with a traditional CUBIC unit
Product
Golden Delicious Apples (620,000 kg/2,053 bins)
• Controlled atmosphere
• Time (days): approx. 180
• Cold room size (m): 23.3 x 12.9 x 8 (h.)
• Equal external surfaces (m2): 596
• Room temperature (C°): 0.9 – 1.4;
• Room humidity: 93 – 95%
• Ventilation min. 7 hours/day
• Geometry (mm) 55x55; tube ø12.7mm
Cubic
Room 31
Value Defender
Room 30
16. XV EUROPEAN CONFERENCE MILANO 7th-8th JUNE 2013 CSG
Latest Technology in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
Under the Auspices of the PRESIDENCY OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS
KEY STUDY – LARGE APPLE COLD STORE
Both cold rooms were specifically equipped with:
4 anemometers
Precision scales to continuously measure weight loss in a
row of bins
18 measuring points (for each cold room) of the temperature
at the core of the apples
Measurement of the glycol temperature
Measurement of humidity and temperature in the cold room
Measurement of the values of O2, CO2, ethylene in the air
Differential gauge to measure pressure drop between each
heat exchanger
Measurement of the electrical power draw of the fans
17. XV EUROPEAN CONFERENCE MILANO 7th-8th JUNE 2013 CSG
Latest Technology in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
Under the Auspices of the PRESIDENCY OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS
COOLER - COLD ROOM INTERACTION
CFD simulations predicted the velocity field and
temperature within the cold room; the degree of
reliability of the predicted values verified by
measurement.
18. XV EUROPEAN CONFERENCE MILANO 7th-8th JUNE 2013 CSG
Latest Technology in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
Under the Auspices of the PRESIDENCY OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS
RESULTS: APPLE CORE TEMPERATURE
The new VALUE DEFENDER enabled stable operating
temperature to be reached in 8 days against 11 with a
standard solution.
19. XV EUROPEAN CONFERENCE MILANO 7th-8th JUNE 2013 CSG
Latest Technology in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
Under the Auspices of the PRESIDENCY OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS
RESULTS: ROOM HUMIDITY
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Relativehumidity%
Days
Fan on suction side
Blowerfans
Relative humidity in the cold rooms was identical, but with
the new VALUE DEFENDER humidification was reduced
by 11%
20. XV EUROPEAN CONFERENCE MILANO 7th-8th JUNE 2013 CSG
Latest Technology in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
Under the Auspices of the PRESIDENCY OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS
AIR DISTRIBUTION CFD SIMULATION
The CFD simulation shows a much more even air distribution
with new VALUE DEFENDER air cooler, simulation well
confirmed by anemometer installed inside the cold rooms
NEW VALUE DEFENDER TRADITIONAL AIR COOLER
21. XV EUROPEAN CONFERENCE MILANO 7th-8th JUNE 2013 CSG
Latest Technology in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
Under the Auspices of the PRESIDENCY OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS
RESULTS: ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND
WEIGHT LOSS
Advantages of new VALUE DEFENDER:
Energy consumption -19% (-34% during initial cool
down period)
Weight loss reduction 1.51% (vs. 1.79%),
i.e. -18.5% (+1700kg apples)
Same product quality after conservation
More uniform air temperature in cold room with
blow through unit
22. XV EUROPEAN CONFERENCE MILANO 7th-8th JUNE 2013 CSG
Latest Technology in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
Under the Auspices of the PRESIDENCY OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS
RESULTS: WEIGHT LOSS
Room No. Months %Gross %Gross/month
Room 30 (Value Defender) 6.33 1,34 0,212 (best)
Room 31 6.00 1.60 0.267
Other 1 7.00 1.87 0.27
Other 2 7.20 1.76 0.24
Other 3 6.00 1.74 0.29
Other 4 6.00 2.06 0.34
Other 5 7.00 1.73 0.25
Other 6 6.10 1.92 0.31
Other 7 6.50 1.53 0.24
Other 8 7.00 2.06 0.29
Other 9 7.20 1.58 0.22
Other 10 6.00 1.43 0.24
Other 11 5.80 1.30 0.22
Average existing rooms 0.264
23. XV EUROPEAN CONFERENCE MILANO 7th-8th JUNE 2013 CSG
Latest Technology in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
Under the Auspices of the PRESIDENCY OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS
1. REQUIREMENTS OF THE FRUIT DURING
CONSERVATION
2. BASIC CRITERIA OF THE NEW “VALUE
DEFENDER” AIR COOLER
3. KEY STUDY – LARGE APPLE COLD STORE
4. CONCLUSIONS
SUMMARY
24. XV EUROPEAN CONFERENCE MILANO 7th-8th JUNE 2013 CSG
Latest Technology in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
Under the Auspices of the PRESIDENCY OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS
CONCLUSIONS
The new VALUE
DEFENDER has been
developed by studying
the requirements of the
product to be stored
Energy
consumption
reduced by 19%
High quality
fruit
conservation
Weight loss
reduced by 18%
25. XV EUROPEAN CONFERENCE MILANO 7th-8th JUNE 2013 CSG
Latest Technology in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
Under the Auspices of the PRESIDENCY OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS
Our thanks to Consorzio MELINDA – Ing. L. Fadanelli
LONGOFRIGOR – Mr. Longo
26. XV EUROPEAN CONFERENCE MILANO 7th-8th JUNE 2013 CSG
Latest Technology in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
Under the Auspices of the PRESIDENCY OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS
BASIC SELECTION CRITERIA
Based on the application
Storage of fresh products
Storage of packaged products
Storage of frozen products
Storage/rapid temperature reduction (chilling)