Prsentación de Moreda en IES Valle de Aller

1. TRADITIONAL JOBS INTRADITIONAL JOBS IN
ASTURIASASTURIAS

2. INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
The Principality ofThe Principality of
Asturias is anAsturias is an
autonomous provinceautonomous province
belonging to Spain. It hasbelonging to Spain. It has
10604 km10604 km22
, in which more, in which more
than one millionthan one million
inhabitants live. Linked toinhabitants live. Linked to
mining-metallurgicalmining-metallurgical
sector until recent years,sector until recent years,
at present the industryat present the industry
occupies 16% of total jobsoccupies 16% of total jobs
compared to 70% of jobscompared to 70% of jobs
in the service sector,in the service sector,
being tourism a majorbeing tourism a major
source of income. Thesource of income. The
mines and factories,mines and factories,
whose economicwhose economic
importance takes place inimportance takes place in
the second half of the XIXthe second half of the XIX
century, and lasted untilcentury, and lasted until
the 90s of the XX century,the 90s of the XX century,
are now trying to survive.are now trying to survive.

3. Iron and Steel Industry
 The iron and steel industry is one of the most traditionalThe iron and steel industry is one of the most traditional
in the region and has been, together with mining, one ofin the region and has been, together with mining, one of
the main forces of industrial growth in Asturias since thethe main forces of industrial growth in Asturias since the
early 19th century. This extended experience, combinedearly 19th century. This extended experience, combined
with the high level of training of the industry workers andwith the high level of training of the industry workers and
the technological development of the processes andthe technological development of the processes and
products, have allowed the region to become anproducts, have allowed the region to become an
undoubted leader for the sector in Europe.undoubted leader for the sector in Europe.

4.  Within the metal sector, casting is another of the mostWithin the metal sector, casting is another of the most
representative subsectors of the region since Romanrepresentative subsectors of the region since Roman
times. Asturias produces cast iron and steel and non-times. Asturias produces cast iron and steel and non-
ferrous products such as aluminium, zinc, copper andferrous products such as aluminium, zinc, copper and
their alloys, for all types of industrial sectors.their alloys, for all types of industrial sectors.
 The main client sector for casting is the car sector,The main client sector for casting is the car sector,
followed by machine tool manufacturers, valvefollowed by machine tool manufacturers, valve
manufacturers and construction,manufacturers and construction,etcetc

5. Agriculture
 In the XVIII century Asturias was mainly rural, so the
agricultural sector occupied more than 75% of the
professional activities. Corn, introduced in the previous
century, was one of the main products, as well as millet
and escanda. Corn was used to make bread, to breed
animals, to make mattresses, to be burnt as fuel…
 Farmers grew beans, essential in the elaboration of the
traditional fabada, turnips, green beans,peas, potatoes,
peppers, cauliflowers, etc..

6.  As regards fruit, apples were an essential element in theAs regards fruit, apples were an essential element in the
elaboration of cider, which was made withelaboration of cider, which was made with
autochthonous varieties. We must also mention cherries,autochthonous varieties. We must also mention cherries,
strawberries, figs,nuts, etc..strawberries, figs,nuts, etc..
 All these products were sold in the markets, thereforeAll these products were sold in the markets, therefore
there was a strong connection between villages andthere was a strong connection between villages and
cities.cities.

7. Cattle raising
 Since the middle of the XIX century, livestock has played
an important part in Asturias economy. Cows have a
especial relevance for their milk, exported to the rest of
Spain and Europe. Other farm animals are sheep, goats,
pigs and hens.
The seasonal exploitation of pasturelands gave rise to
distributed settlements for cattle and specific structures for
this,both for housing or shelter: they are the brañas.
 Cattle raising has an important role today and it remains
as one of the most productive sectors in Asturias

8. MiningMining
 The mining industry of coal has marked the actual historyThe mining industry of coal has marked the actual history
of the community of Asturias during more than 200 years.of the community of Asturias during more than 200 years.
 At the end of the XVIII century, the first deposits of coalAt the end of the XVIII century, the first deposits of coal
started to be exploited during the slow industrialstarted to be exploited during the slow industrial
revolution in Spain. During the second part of the XIXrevolution in Spain. During the second part of the XIX
century, the exploitation of coal was developed and itscentury, the exploitation of coal was developed and its
distribution was favoured thanks to the railroad.distribution was favoured thanks to the railroad.

9.  At the beginning of the XX century and during the FirstAt the beginning of the XX century and during the First
World War the coal production increased. However,World War the coal production increased. However,
inhuman work conditions that involved long workingsinhuman work conditions that involved long workings
days, low salaries and the use of workforce from womendays, low salaries and the use of workforce from women
and children caused the summit of the union recoveries.and children caused the summit of the union recoveries.
 In 1934, the Asturian miners started a revolution thatIn 1934, the Asturian miners started a revolution that
was suffocated by the Spanish army.was suffocated by the Spanish army.
 In the 60s and 70s the increase of the syndicalismIn the 60s and 70s the increase of the syndicalism
continued and a lot of strikes took place. In the 80s, acontinued and a lot of strikes took place. In the 80s, a
rationalization in the mining andrationalization in the mining and iron and steel industryiron and steel industry
began with the massive closure of mines and longbegan with the massive closure of mines and long
strikes.strikes.

10.  In the 90s the first European Union subsidies were granted,In the 90s the first European Union subsidies were granted,
which have allowed the constructions of big infrastructures.which have allowed the constructions of big infrastructures.
 In the XXI century, there were still some mines in operation.In the XXI century, there were still some mines in operation.
 The coal extraction at a global scale can’t be completedThe coal extraction at a global scale can’t be completed
because of the problems with the nuclear energy. There’sbecause of the problems with the nuclear energy. There’s
still a possibility of using this material in the future.still a possibility of using this material in the future.

11. CraftsmanshipCraftsmanship
 Asturias is a rich community in traditions, which atAsturias is a rich community in traditions, which at
the same time bets firmly for the innovation as an enginethe same time bets firmly for the innovation as an engine
of the future and its crafts are a reflection of this reality.of the future and its crafts are a reflection of this reality.
 The crafts are being re-discovered nowadays becauseThe crafts are being re-discovered nowadays because
they use technologies and autochthonous raw materials,they use technologies and autochthonous raw materials,
they demand a low energetic consumption and they arethey demand a low energetic consumption and they are
slightly aggressive with the environment. Besides, theyslightly aggressive with the environment. Besides, they
complement other activities of agricultural, fishing orcomplement other activities of agricultural, fishing or
tourist kind.tourist kind.

12. Ceramics
 Asturias is a region with a deep-rooted ceramist tradition.Asturias is a region with a deep-rooted ceramist tradition.
The first information found in the XVIII century is aboutThe first information found in the XVIII century is about
the foundation of factories of crockery and thethe foundation of factories of crockery and the
appearance of numerous workrooms where peopleappearance of numerous workrooms where people
made handcrafted objects.made handcrafted objects.
 Faro, in Limanes (Oviedo), and Llamas de MouroFaro, in Limanes (Oviedo), and Llamas de Mouro
(Cangas de Narcea) are the main centres of potters in(Cangas de Narcea) are the main centres of potters in
the region, standing out mainly for the manufacturing ofthe region, standing out mainly for the manufacturing of
jars, pots and other utensils made from black ceramics.jars, pots and other utensils made from black ceramics.

13. WoodWood
 Wood is the principal raw material of Asturian craftsmen,Wood is the principal raw material of Asturian craftsmen,
due to the abundance of forests of chestnut-trees, oaks,due to the abundance of forests of chestnut-trees, oaks,
beeches, etc and to the quality of the wood that isbeeches, etc and to the quality of the wood that is
obtained from them. It has always been essential in theobtained from them. It has always been essential in the
traditional society for the construction of houses andtraditional society for the construction of houses and
barns and hórreos ( typical Asturian storehouse). It isbarns and hórreos ( typical Asturian storehouse). It is
also used in the manufacturing of household objects,also used in the manufacturing of household objects,
such as lunchboxes, bowls and madreñas ( typicalsuch as lunchboxes, bowls and madreñas ( typical
Asturian shoes).Asturian shoes).

14.  These wood crafts include a large variety group ofThese wood crafts include a large variety group of
workers, like basket-makers or cesteros, madreñaworkers, like basket-makers or cesteros, madreña
makers or madreñeros,bowl makers or cunqueiros andmakers or madreñeros,bowl makers or cunqueiros and
willow workers or mimbreros.willow workers or mimbreros.
 In the XVIII century the Asturian population that sharedIn the XVIII century the Asturian population that shared
their activities in the country with the crafts reached thetheir activities in the country with the crafts reached the
72,9% of the total occupations in the region.72,9% of the total occupations in the region.

15. Leather
• Since the XVIII century, period of brilliance in the
Asturian craftsmanship, we find different factories of
tanning, like the ones that opened in Oviedo, Tineo
and Gijón. The production of leather at that time was
abundant, especially in the shoemaker factories that
reach a big importance in places like Noreña and
Pimiango.

16. Jet
 Jet is a charcoal which was petrified 60
million years ago and turned into black lignite.
Its curving requires patience and skill. It is the
ideal raw material for craftwork. Jet has been
sold to Galician farmers since the XIII century.
 The unique jet mine in exploitation that
exists nowadays in Spain is in Oles, Asturias

17. FishingFishing
 Rivers have been a natural resource from the prehistory.Rivers have been a natural resource from the prehistory.
People settled themselves near the fluvial basins, so thatPeople settled themselves near the fluvial basins, so that
fishing became the basis of their subsistence.fishing became the basis of their subsistence.
 There was a change from very rudimentary andThere was a change from very rudimentary and
individual fishing equipment to colective and bigger shipsindividual fishing equipment to colective and bigger ships
whose fishermen formed guilds. These guilds werewhose fishermen formed guilds. These guilds were
especially powerful in the XVI and XVII century, whenespecially powerful in the XVI and XVII century, when
fishermen had to fight for their rights in a very dangerousfishermen had to fight for their rights in a very dangerous
and hard work.and hard work.

18.  The Asturian coast extends along 334 kmThe Asturian coast extends along 334 km22
, being its, being its
rivers and sea very rich in a large variety of fish.rivers and sea very rich in a large variety of fish.
 In the XVII century the most important harbour wasIn the XVII century the most important harbour was
Cudillero, with 350 inhabitants and 40 ships. They fishedCudillero, with 350 inhabitants and 40 ships. They fished
sea bream, hake,conger, salmon, tuna,trout,sardine,etc..sea bream, hake,conger, salmon, tuna,trout,sardine,etc..
 Other important harbours were Candás, Luanco, Avilés,Other important harbours were Candás, Luanco, Avilés,
Gijón, Ribadesella and Llanes.Gijón, Ribadesella and Llanes.
 Nowadays fishing activity is important in the AsturianNowadays fishing activity is important in the Asturian
coast, which has 18 harbours and 339 ships. Aroundcoast, which has 18 harbours and 339 ships. Around
21000 tonnes of fish are captured every year.21000 tonnes of fish are captured every year.

19. Present SituationPresent Situation
 The economy of Asturias has a declining primary sectorThe economy of Asturias has a declining primary sector
which occupies 6% of the active population with cattle,which occupies 6% of the active population with cattle,
highlighting the daily production, agriculture ( corn,highlighting the daily production, agriculture ( corn,
potatoes and apples) and fishing. Coal mining waspotatoes and apples) and fishing. Coal mining was
significant, but it has reduced its number from 20,000significant, but it has reduced its number from 20,000
miners in 80 years to just 1,800 now.miners in 80 years to just 1,800 now.

20.  The manufacturing sector gives jobs to 30% of the activeThe manufacturing sector gives jobs to 30% of the active
population, being still important the steel industry, especiallypopulation, being still important the steel industry, especially
located between Gijón and Avilés, food, shipyards,located between Gijón and Avilés, food, shipyards,
weapons, chemical products, transport equipment, etc.weapons, chemical products, transport equipment, etc.
 The service sector is made up of 65% of the activeThe service sector is made up of 65% of the active
population. The capital Oviedo is increasing its number ofpopulation. The capital Oviedo is increasing its number of
inhabitants, although the coast of Gijón is the mostinhabitants, although the coast of Gijón is the most
populated one. This fact makes population concentrate inpopulated one. This fact makes population concentrate in
urban centers.urban centers.
 Tourism has acquired a great importance in the region inTourism has acquired a great importance in the region in
recent years. Our slogan says: "Asturias, natural paradise.”recent years. Our slogan says: "Asturias, natural paradise.”
What do you think?What do you think?