1. Properties of Matter
Chapter 2
Maria Passarelli

2. Pure Substances
• Every sample of a given substancehas the
same properties because a substance has a
fixed, uniform composition

3. Elements
• An element has a fixed composition
because it contains only one type of atom.
• An atom is the smallest particle of an
element

4. Compounds
Hydrogen+Oxygen
=Water
• A compound always contains two or more
elements joined in a fixed proportion

5. Mixtures
• The properties of a mixture can vary
because the composition of a mixture is
not fixed

6. Heterogeneous
Mixtures
• In a heterogeneous mixture, the parts of
the mixture are noticeably different from
one another

7. Homogeneous
Mixtures
• In a homogeneous mixture, the substances
are so evenly distributed that it is difficult
to distinguish one substance in the mixture
from another

8. Solutions, Suspensions,
and Colloids
• Based on the size of its largest particles, a
mixture can be classified as a solution, a
suspension, or a colloid

9. Solutions
• When substances dissolve and form a
homogeneous mixtures, the mixture that
forms is called a solution

10. Suspentions
• A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture
that separates into layers over time

11. Colloids
• A colloid contains some particles that are
intermediate in size between the small
particles in a solution and the larger
particles in a suspension

12. Physical Properties
• Viscosity, conductivity, malleability,
hardness, melting point, boiling point, and
density are examples of physical properties

13. Viscosity
• The tendency of a liquid to keep from
flowing-its resistance to flowing-is called its
viscosity

14. Conductivity
• A material’s ability to allow heat to flow is
called conductivity

15. Malleability
• Malleability is the ability of a solid to be
hammered without shattering

16. Density
• Used to test the purity of a substance
• Mass/Volume=Density

17. Using Physical
Properties
• Physical properties are used to identify a
material, to choose a material for a specific
purpose, or to separate the substances in a
mixture

18. Using Properties to
Separate Mixtures
• Filtration and distillation are two common
separation methods

19. Filtration
• Filtration is a process that separates
materials based on the size of their
particles

20. Distillation
• Distillation is a process that separates the
substance in a solution based on their
boiling points

21. Evaporation
• a process used to isolate a solid dissolved
in a liquid
• Disclaimer- you are not going to isolate a
pure sample of all components of the
mixture!

22. Physical/Chemical
Change
• A physical change occurs when some of the
properties of a material change, but the
substances in the material remain the same
• A chemical change occurs when a
substance reacts and forms one or more
new substances

23. Chemical Properties
• Chemical Properties can be observed only
when the substances in a sample of matter
are changing into different substances.

24. Flammability
• Flammability is a material’s ability to burn in
the presence of oxygen

25. Reactivity
• The property that describes how readily a
substance combines chemically with other
substances in reactivity

26. Recognizing Chemical
Change
• Three common types of evidence for a
chemical change are a change in color, the
production of gas, the formation of a
precipitate, and a change in temperature

27. How can you distinguish a
physical change from a
chemical change?

28. List four pieces of evidence
that show something is a
chemical change?

29. What is the difference
between a physical and
chemical change?

30. What is the technique
for a chemical
separation?

31. What is a “Formation
of a precipitate?”