3. Modal Forms
Modal auxiliaries are a special class of words that indicate
things such as ability (can) and obligation (must).
4. Modal Forms
Modal auxiliaries are a special class of words that indicate
things such as ability (can) and obligation (must).
Remember that modals
have no third-person
singular form.
5. Modal Forms
Modal auxiliaries are a special class of words that indicate
things such as ability (can) and obligation (must).
Remember that modals
have no third-person
singular form.
6. Modal Forms
Modal auxiliaries are a special class of words that indicate
things such as ability (can) and obligation (must).
Jane helps people
Remember that modals
have no third-person
singular form.
7. Modal Forms
Modal auxiliaries are a special class of words that indicate
things such as ability (can) and obligation (must).
Jane helps people
Remember that modals
have no third-person
singular form. Jane can help you.
16. Function of modals
1) Ability (can)
2) Polite requests (may, would,
could, can)
Although have to is
3) Advice (should, ought to) not a modal
4) Obligation (must, have to) auxiliary, it is
5)Probability (must) included on this list
because it functions
6)Possibility (can, could, might, like a modal and has
may) the same meaning as
7) Conditional, past habit must. Have to
becomes has to in
(would), desire (would like), the third person
preference (would rather).
21. 2. Polite requests (may,
would,could,can)
Example Past form
May I help you? (formal)
22. 2. Polite requests (may,
would,could,can)
Example Past form
May I help you? (formal)
Would you like some tea?
23. 2. Polite requests (may,
would,could,can)
Example Past form
May I help you? (formal)
Would you like some tea?
Could you pass the butter?
24. 2. Polite requests (may,
would,could,can)
Example Past form
May I help you? (formal)
Would you like some tea?
Could you pass the butter?
Can I have some help?
(informal)
26. 3. Advice (should, ought
to)
Example Past form
Alan should see a lawyer.
27. 3. Advice (should, ought
to)
Example Past form
Alan should see a lawyer.
Karen ought to do her
work.
28. 3. Advice (should, ought
to)
Example Past form
He should have seen a
Alan should see a lawyer. lawyer before signing the
Karen ought to do her contract.
work.
29. 3. Advice (should, ought
to)
Example Past form
He should have seen a
Alan should see a lawyer. lawyer before signing the
Karen ought to do her contract.
work. Karen ought to have done
her work sooner.
32. 4. Obligation (must,have
to )
Example Past form
Helen had to see a
doctor last night
Helen must (has to) see because because she
a doctor right away. was having difficulty
breathing.
37. 6. Possibility (can ,could,
might, may)
Example Past form
You can shop online.
38. 6. Possibility (can ,could,
might, may)
Example Past form
You can shop online.
Dan could help you.
39. 6. Possibility (can ,could,
might, may)
Example Past form
You can shop online.
Dan could help you.
Mary might do the job.
40. 6. Possibility (can ,could,
might, may)
Example Past form
You can shop online.
Dan could help you.
Mary might do the job.
Ann may help them.
41. 6. Possibility (can ,could,
might, may)
Example Past form
You can shop online. I could shop online when I
had my credit card.
Dan could help you.
Mary might do the job.
Ann may help them.
42. 6. Possibility (can ,could,
might, may)
Example Past form
You can shop online. I could shop online when I
had my credit card.
Dan could help you. You could have helped me
but you didn’t.
Mary might do the job.
Ann may help them.
43. 6. Possibility (can ,could,
might, may)
Example Past form
You can shop online. I could shop online when I
had my credit card.
Dan could help you. You could have helped me
but you didn’t.
Mary might do the job. Mary might have done the
job.
Ann may help them.
44. 6. Possibility (can ,could,
might, may)
Example Past form
You can shop online. I could shop online when I
had my credit card.
Dan could help you. You could have helped me
but you didn’t.
Mary might do the job. Mary might have done the
job.
Ann may help them. Ann may have told him the
secret.
46. 7(a). Conditional
Example Past form
If I had time, I would help
her (expresses a wish)
47. 7(a). Conditional
Example Past form
If I had studied the
piano when I was
If I had time, I would help
young I would have
her (expresses a wish)
become a concert
pianist by now.
55. 7(d). Preference (would
rather)
Example Past form
I would rather have
I would rather be tall than been poor and healthy
short. than rich and sick when
I was a child.