In Pakistan how many women are attacked by acid-throwing violation a short survay

1. Acid throwing
Acid throwing, also called an acid attack or vitriolage, is a
form of violent assault It is defined as the act of throwing acid
onto the body of a person "with the intention of injuring or
disfiguring [them] out of jealousy or revenge". Perpetrators of
these attacks throw acid at their victims, usually at their faces,
burning them, and damaging skin tissue, often exposing and
sometimes dissolving the bones.The long term consequences of
these attacks include blindness and permanent scarring of the
face and body.
These attacks are most common in Afgahinstan, India, Nepal,
Pakistan and other nearby countries. Globally, at least 1500
people in 20 countries are attacked in this way yearly, 80% of
whom are female and somewhere between 40% and 70%
under 18 years of age.
Objectives:
To pilot new and innovative, community­based approaches to
prevent acid and other forms of burns violence against women
and girls in Pakistan by improving response from the justice,
police and health sectors; mobilizing communities to monitor
implementation of legislation and advocate for legislation
reform; and encouraging individual responsibility to end this
form of gender­based violence.
WHY TORTURE WOMEN:
A Culture against Females in Pakistan
* In November 2003, Mansab Mai, 30, became yet another
victim of acid burns when she died 13 days after being
admitted to Nishtar Hospital in Multan, a traditionally

2. patriarchal city in southern Pakistan. She alleged that her in­
laws had poured acid over her following a dispute with her
husband over attending a family function at her parents house.
She had no right to exercise her free will and
attend the event. No charges were pressed against her killers
perpetrators of acid burnings are rarely punished. 2 The police
did not even register a case, and Mansab s community blindly
accepted the acts of domestic violence against her.
For centuries, many Pakistani women have been slaves to social
and cultural restrictions that are reflective of gender­based
injustices in the region. Whereas most of Asia has experienced
considerable fertility decline in recent decades with increased
female liberation, education and employment a handful of
countries, including Pakistan. Pakistan belongs to a part of the
world where women s status is disadvantaged by systematic
brutalisation. Human development indicators such as the
population s sex ratio (proportion of females to males), literacy
levels, and labour force participation are abysmally low, while
statistics for maternal mortality and morbidity, fertility and
crimes against women are particularly high. As an example,
according to the groundbreaking article More than 100 Million
Women are Missing by Amartya Sen, the ratio of the number of
women to the number of men in Pakistan is an appallingly low
9:10.
Social and Cultural Reasons for Domestic Violence in
Pakistan:
Several factors build upon each other to form the societal bias
against women in

3. Pakistan, leading to the collective denial of their rights:
Social Conditions of Men: The unemployment, poverty, and
lack of education among Pakistani men are contributing factors
to violence against women in the society. Common traits that
encourage violence among the committers of domestic violence
include intoxication, illegal arms possession, and psychological
frustration. Perhaps the biggest driving force behind domestic
violence is the traditional notion of women as weak subjects
created to serve male needs and egos, and as objects that can
be possessed.
Responsibility to produce children: Women are commonly
perceived as the reproductive machines of society. Moreover, it
is deemed to be a woman s responsibility to be fertile so that
her husband s family line can continue. An infertile woman can
face brutal treatment as well; nor does she get any sympathy
from her husband and in­laws. Such is the level of illiteracy
and subjugation of women that even a sterile man would lay
the blame on his wife one way or another
Static social values: Every culture has its own value as a
unifying set of traditions among a people. However, cultures
are not static. They are continually evolving in response to
interactions with other cultures, needs of society and demands
of the modem age. While tradition may have emphasised
certain norms in the past, this does not preclude tradition
being shaped by new realities. My investigations for this
project have revealed that even the traditions of honour in
Pakistan, which are used to justify violence against women,
have themselves undergone change: they have broadened in
concept and been debased and distorted by more generalised
corruption and violence in society. The honour system derives
from tribal traditions in Pakistan that are often in

4. conflict with other traditions in national life, such as Islam and
liberal democracy.
Moreover, the parents of a female victim would encourage her
stay at the husband s house, no matter how harsh the
circumstances are. The control of the saas and the attitude of
the parents of a married woman both add to the layers of
secrecy about her mistreatment. The saas would always have
the upper hand in the family and would cover up her brutal
attitude, while the parents would always downplay the
mistreatment their daughter faces as minor and routine
skirmishes.
Definition of Domestic Violence:
According to the United Nations Declaration in 2002 on the
Elimination of
Violence against Women, "Any act of gender­based violence
that results in, or likely to result in physical, sexual or
psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of
such acts, coercion or arbitrary depriving of liberty, whether
occurring in public or private life is a crime." When these
crimes occur in the woman's private life, within the family, it
can be termed domestic violence. For example, domestic
violence can mean the abuse of a wife by her husband, or a
niece by her uncle.
Ratio in Pakistan:
According to New York Times reporter Nichloas D. kristof, acid
attacks are at an all time high in Pakistan and increasing every
year. The Pakistani attacks he describes are typically the work
of husbands against their wives who have "dishonored them".
According to another New York Times article, in 2011 there
have been counted 150 acid attacks, after 65 in 2010.

5. At least 183 women were recorded to have died of burn
injuries­more than half of them in Sindh. These women were
victims of another common and brutal crime­setting women on
fire or pouring acid on them.
Burning of Women
After reading a survey by Aurat Foundation of Lahore that
attributed 50% of
stove deaths to accidents and 50% to murder or suicide, I
realised the extent of crime involved in such burnings. A police
officer, Farkhanda Iqbal, reported that each day two or three
married women are burnt alive by their husbands or in­laws.
Out of 294 cases of burning of women, 217 resulted in
fatalities in the year 2002, according to data collected from just
five hospitals of the twin cities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad.
These 294 cases concerned wives, daughters and sisters left at
the mercy of flames or gases. FIRs (police
reports) for only 4% of cases were registered, while the rest
ended in compromises through bribery or arm­twisting due to
which police did not register the crimes.
Approximately 53% of the victims were below the age of 20
years.
In very few cases, the transgressing men may have a valid plea
such as the
unfaithfulness of wives. Taking their cue from the frequent
burning of women, these enraged men punish their unfaithful
wives by setting them on fire. Similarly, fathers andbrothers
often feel entitled to chastise their adult female relatives. From
a very humanitarian perspective, these women should have the
right to make their own decisions.
The Progressive

6. Acid Throwing
Over the past ten years, cases of throwing corrosive acid on
women have become
quite common. Disgruntled men seek revenge or punishment
of women by purchasing cheap sulphuric or nitric acid and
surprising female targets with unexpected attacks. Such attacks
leave the bodies of the sufferers severely desecrated. One small
bottle of the acid is sufficient to ruin the life of a woman
forever. Sulphuric and nitric acids used as cleaning agents are
available at most departmental stores. These acids cause skin
tissue to disintegrate, exposing the bones underneath, as in
most cases of acid burn victims. I fail to understand why such
items are allowed to be sold openly in the market, when their
hideous use to burn women is known. This is tantamount to
culpable indifference on the part of law­enforcing authorities.
The sale of all acids should be on permit only, especially in
Southern Punjab
cities of Multan and Bahawalpur, because during the last four
months of 2002 alone, 55 cases of acid­throwing were
recorded there. Besides Southern Punjab, acid throwing is also
becoming more common in the twin cities of Rawalpindi and
Islamabad. The Progressive Women Association alone has dealt
with 1500 cases of acid­burn victims since 1994. It also stated
that in the last five years, 5000 acid burning victims have been
reported in a radius of just 200 miles around the twin cities of
Rawalpindi and Islamabad.
Most of the survivors of acid attacks experience a sudden
change in their lifestyle
due to discontinuation of education or work during their
lengthy recovery. The victims face social isolation due to

7. physical disfigurement, damaging their self­esteem and
economic position. Interviewing various families, I found out
that only some relatives sympathise with burn victims, while
most suggest a wrongdoing on part of the victims.
The issue of acid violence was brought to international
attention by this year’s Oscar­winning documentary Saving
Face. Every year, many women in Pakistan are victims of brutal
acid attacks. The Acid Survivors Foundation of Pakistan deals
with over 100 cases a year, but estimates that the real number
of people affected is far higher. These attacks – frequently
linked to domestic violence or revenge by rejected men – are
made possible by the easy availability of acid for use in the
cotton industry Acid attacks are by no means an exclusively
Pakistani problem: as Obaid­Chinoy points out, they happen
wherever women are disenfranchised: Cambodia, Columbia,
Nepal, and Thailand, to name but a few.
Overall Cases of Violence against Women :
● Punjab: 32 cases of acid throwing
● Sindh :137
● Balochistan : 7
● KPK : 0
According to the report, from April to June of this year more
than 220 women reported being burned, 40 of whom died as a
result of their injuries which can be extensive. When acid is
thrown in a person’s face, skin tissue melts on contact exposing
the bone below the flesh that may also dissolve from the acid.
If acid reaches the eyes, they are permanently damaged often

8. leaving survivors with the use of only one or no eyes.
What’s worse? According to the report women are not being
given appropriate medical care and few seek legal action after
being attacked. Many cases are also not even reported to police
so the actual numbers of victims are far worse than we think.
“Violence against women in Pakistan is endemic,” Nisha Varia,
deputy director of women’s rights division at Human Rights
Watch told The Media Line.” “We try to apply pressure so that
the government recognizes these crimes, prosecutes the
perpetrators and provides services to the victims.”
Acid and burn attacks are also not only isolated in Pakistan. It
is also common practice in Bangladesh, India, and other South
Asian countries. In Bangladesh, the Acid Survivors Foundations
has been working for nearly ten years to eliminate acid
violence in the country where there is currently an acid attack
every two days. Asimilar Organization also exists in Pakistan.
Violence against women exists everywhere. We know this. I
also know that I can no longer sit idly as governments around
the world fail to protect these victims.
­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­Thanks­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­