EDUC 9A, Remedial Instruction in English

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Affecting
Students’
Listening
ComprehensionExternal Factors

2. … are mainly related to the type
of language input and task and
the context in which listening
occurs.
Factors

3. In the late 1960s, two elderly American
tourists who had been touring Scotland
reported that, in their travels, they had
come to a Scottish town in which there
was a great ruined cathedral. As they
stood in the ruins, they saw a small boy
and they asked him when the cathedral
had been so badly damaged.

4. He replied…
In the
war

5. Their immediate interpretation, in the 1960’s
was that he must be referring to the Second
World War which has ended only twenty years
earlier. But then they thought that the ruins
looked as if they had been in their dilapidated
state for much longer than that, so they asked
the boy.

6. Which they eventually
discovered had formerly ended
in 1745.
Brown (1998)
Which war do
you mean?
The war with
the English

7. Co-text
Co-text Co-text
Co-text
Co-text

8. Another major factor influencing
the interpretation of meaning.

9. The study of what speakers mean, or
“speaker meaning”; The study of
“invisible” meaning

10. Example

11. It refers to the linguistic context or the
textual environment provided by the
discourse or text in which a particular
utterance occurs.

12. 2 Kinds of Context
Linguistic Context
(also Known as co-text)
Physical Context

13. Co-text
is the set of other words used in the
same phrase or sentence.
•The surrounding co-text has a strong
effect on what we think the word
probably mean.

14. Example
“bank”
Steep or
overgrown
Place where
you can
Withdraw
some cash

15. We know how to interpret words
on the basis of physical context

16. When we see the word bank on
the wall of a building in a city
Example

17. Constrains the way in which we
interpret the response.

18. Example
Are you coming
going to Bagiuo
with us?
I have a paper to
finish by Monday.

19. Tell me more about
your new boyfriend….
Is he handsome? He’s sweet, kind,
caring and a lot more
better than my past.

20. Marisol S. Aquino
BSEd 3-d1