Philippine literary production during the American Period in the Philippines was spurred by two significant developments in education and culture. One is the introduction of free public instruction for all children of school age and two, the use of English as medium of instruction in all levels of education in public schools.
2. WHY AMERICANS CAME TO
THE PHILIPPINES?
SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR
TREATY OF PARIS
PHILIPPINE-AMERICAN
WAR
PHILIPPINE’S
INDEPENDENCE
PROCLAMATION
INFLUENCES
4. NEW LANDS
The United States wanted new lands for their
businessmen to development and to trade.
HISTORY
5. AMERICAN BASES
The United States was looking for Asian naval bases
bases and shipping ports
HISTORY
6. POLICY OF “MANIFEST DESTINY”
The Americans believed it as their mission to civilize
the Filipinos, to educate, and train them for
democracy.
HISTORY
7. THE FILIPINO INVITATION
The Filipinos asked the Americans to come and
help them fight the Spaniards.
HISTORY
9. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
The Cuban revolution
against the Spaniards
broke out in 1895. The
United States supported
the Cubans because the
latter’s liberation from
Spain would benefit their
trading interests.
On February 15, 1898,
the warship Maine of the
Americans was blown up
in the Port of Havana.
HISTORY
10. On May 1, 1898, the fleet
of Commodore George
Dewey destroyed the
Spanish fleet led by
Admiral Montojo.
HISTORY
11. In June, Philippine revolutionaries declared
independence, but U.S. troops occupied
Manila in August.
On May 17,
1898, Emilio
Aguinaldo left
Hong Kong
aboard the US
ship McCulloch.
HISTORY
12. TREATY OF PARIS
HISTORY
On December 10, 1898 John Hay
the Secretary of State signing the
Paris of Treaty. In this treaty
Spain ceded the Philippines,
Guam, and Puerto Rico to the
United States for about $20
million dollars after the Spanish
American War.
14. President McKinley ordered the
War Department to bring all of the
islands under military control
because the people of the
Philippines were too "uncivilized"
to govern themselves.
This shocked the Filipinos,
because they had expected the
U.S. to help them in their struggle
for independence.
Not only did the U.S. not help the
Philippines in their struggle for
freedom, they refused to grant
them freedom for forty-five years.
This fight for freedom became the
Philippine-American War.
HISTORY
16. The conflict became the brutal Filipino-American
War that officially lasted until 1902
An estimated 4,500 Americans, and at least ten
times that many Filipinos died.
HISTORY
17. FREEDOM AT LAST!
HISTORY
On July 4th, 1946, the United States
Government restored full
independence in the Philippines.
After battling different imperial
powers for years, the Filipinos finally
achieves their dreams. They were
ahead of other countries trying to
gain their freedom from the
beginning, and that is why they were
successful.
20. DIET
DRESS
POPULAR
EDUCATION
INFLUENCES HISTORY
THE PLAYS
JOURNALISM
EMANCIPATION
OF WOMEN
FILIPINO
PENSIONADOS
FILIPINO
LITERATURE IN
ENGLISH
VERNACULAR
LITERATURE
FINE ARTS
MUSIC
SCIENCE
FIESTA AMD
HOLIDAYS
AMERICAS
CONTRIBUTION TO
NATIONALISM
21. DIET
Ham and eggs, oatmeal,
sandwiches, hotdogs, steak
Coffee, beer, whisky
American – brand cigarettes
HISTORY INFLUENCES
22. DRESS
Pants with suspenders or belts, coat and tie,
polo shirts, hats, leather / tennis shoes
Skirts, high-heeled shoes, fancy hats,
stockings, perfume, lotion, false eyelashes,
cosmetics
HISTORY INFLUENCES
23. EMANCIPATION OF
WOMEN
Study in universities
Acquire higher education
Choose and practice any profession
Participate in politics
Vote and be voted for public office
HISTORY INFLUENCES
24. POPULAR
EDUCATION
First school opened in Corregidor
Island
August 23, 1901 – USS Thomas
arrived with 600 American
teachers
Free education
HISTORY INFLUENCES
25. 600 educators in the S.S. Thomas (the
“Thomasites") that replaced the soldiers who
had been serving as the first teachers.
HISTORY INFLUENCES
26. FILIPINO PENSIONADOS
HISTORY INFLUENCES
1903 – 100 Filipinos were sent to America as government
pensionados to study in American colleges and universities
Jose Abad Santos, Francisco Benitez, Honoria Acosta Sison, Jorge
Bocobo, Francisco Delgado
28. FILIPINO LITERATURE IN ENGLISH
HISTORY INFLUENCES
Filipino in material / sentiment but expressed in a foreign language
New generation of writers portrayed the glories of our land, the
thoughts and feelings of our race, and the problems of their times
in English
29. FILIPINO LITERATURE IN ENGLISH
Poet – Fernando Maramag
Short story – Clemencia Joven
Novel – Zoilo Galang
Journalism – Carlos Romulo
(Pulitzer prize – International reporting, 1942)
HISTORY INFLUENCES
30. VERNACULAR LITERATURE
Claro Caluya – Prince of Ilocos Poets
Mona Crisologo – greatest Iloco dramatist
Leon Pichay – Iloco poet laureate
HISTORY INFLUENCES
Mena Pecson Crisologo – “Mining Weno Ayat ti Kararwa”
31. VERNACULAR LITERATURE
Visayas – Magdalena Jalandoni and Ramon Muzones
Tagalog – Francisco Balagtas and Jose Corazon de Jesus
HISTORY INFLUENCES
32. THE PLAYS
Moro-moro was replaced by zarzuela
Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa – Pascual Poblete
Tanikalang Ginto – Juan Abad
Malaya – Tomas Remigio
Kahapon, Ngayon, at Bukas – Aurelio Tolentino
Walang Sugat – Severino Reyes
HISTORY INFLUENCES
34. FINE ARTS
HISTORY INFLUENCES
Modern schools, theaters, hotels, stores, houses with American
architectural lines
Buildings with elevators, air-conditioning systems, and electrical
gadgets
35. MUSIC
American Jazz and swing music
American dances
HISTORY INFLUENCES
36. SCIENCE
Modern techniques and research in medicine, pharmacy, biology
and other sciences and technology
National Research Council
HISTORY INFLUENCES
37. FIESTAS AND HOLIDAYS
HISTORY INFLUENCES
Continued celebration of the annual Spanish fiestas and other
Christian holidays
38. AMERICAS CONTRIBUTION TO
NATIONALISM
Permitted us to display our own Philippine flag
Played our national anthem
Celebrated our national heroes’ day
HISTORY INFLUENCES
Enjoyed freedom of speech, press, religion, assembly and pet