1) Cyberinfrastructure refers to the combination of computing systems, data storage systems, advanced instruments and data repositories, visualization environments, and people that enable knowledge discovery through integrated multi-scale simulations and analyses. 2) Cloud computing, multicore processors, and Web 2.0 tools are changing the landscape of cyberinfrastructure by providing new approaches to distributed computing and data sharing that emphasize usability, collaboration, and accessibility. 3) Scientific applications are increasingly data-intensive, requiring high-performance computing resources to analyze large datasets from sources like gene sequencers, telescopes, sensors, and web crawlers.

1. Overview of Cyberinfrastructure and the Breadth of Its Application Geoffrey Fox Computer Science, Informatics, Physics Chair Informatics Department Director Community Grids Laboratory and Digital Science Center Indiana University Bloomington IN 47404 (Presenter: Marlon Pierce ) [email_address] http://www.infomall.org [email_address]

2. Time Parallel Computing Grids and Federated Computing Scientific Enterprise Computing Scientific Web 2.0 Cloud Computing Parallel Computing Evolution of Scientific Computing, 1985-2010 Evidence of Intelligent Design? Y-Axis is whatever you want it to be.

4. TeraGrid High Performance Computing Systems 2007-8 Computational Resources (size approximate - not to scale) Slide Courtesy Tommy Minyard, TACC SDSC TACC NCSA ORNL PU IU PSC NCAR (504TF) 2008 (~1PF) Tennessee LONI/LSU UC/ANL

9. Environmental Monitoring Cyberinfrastructure at Clemson

11. Forces on Cyberinfrastructure: Clouds, Multicore, and Web 2.0

12. Gartner 2008 Technology Hype Curve Clouds, Microblogs and Green IT appear Basic Web Services, Wikis and SOA becoming mainstream

13. Gartner’s 2005 Hype Curve

15. Enterprise Approach Web 2.0 Approach JSR 168 Portlets Google Gadgets, Widgets, badges Server-side integration and processing AJAX, client-side integration and processing, JavaScript SOAP RSS, Atom, JSON WSDL REST (GET, PUT, DELETE, POST) Portlet Containers Open Social Containers (Orkut, LinkedIn, Shindig); Facebook; StartPages User Centric Gateways Social Networking Portals Workflow managers (Taverna, Kepler, XBaya, etc) Mash-ups WS-Eventing, WS-Notification, Enterprise Messaging Blogging and Micro-blogging with REST, RSS/Atom, and JSON messages (Blogger, Twitter) Semantic Web: RDF, OWL, ontologies Microformats, folksonomies

17. Some Commercial Clouds Bold faced entries have open source equivalents Cloud/ Service Amazon Microsoft Azure Google (and Apache) Data S3, EBS, SimpleDB Blob, Table, SQL Services GFS, BigTable Computing EC2, Elastic Map Reduce (runs Hadoop) Compute Service MapReduce (not public, but Hadoop) Service Hosting Amazon Load Balancing Web Hosting Service AppEngine/AppDrop

24. Parallel Clustering and Parallel Multidimensional Scaling MDS 4500 Points : Clustal MSA 3000 Points : Clustal MSA Kimura2 Distance Applied to ~5000 dimensional gene sequences and ~20 dimensional patient record data Very good parallel speedup 4000 Points : Patient Record Data on Obesity and Environment 4500 Points : Pairwise Aligned

26. Intel’s Projection Technology might support: 2010: 16—64 cores 200GF—1 TF 2013: 64—256 cores 500GF– 4 TF 2016: 256--1024 cores 2 TF– 20 TF