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Ekonomiese scenarios vir
aartappelverbouing in die
        Sandveld
                      deur
                  Martin de Wit
  Presentasie gehou by SAKO AGM, 13 April 2010, Velddrif
Ekonomie en ekologie
Ekonomiese stelsel (inset koste, pryse, verbruikers gedrag)

      + Ekologiese stelsel (water, land, biodiversiteit)

                    = Saam in een stelsel
Prys van olie en diesel




                                                      Bron: Wikipedia, gebaseer op data van EIA




            Bron: Wikipedia




Bron: http://www.nfu.ca/fert-diesel.htm
Reenval en temperatuur




                         Bron Archer et al 2009
Tendense in die Sandveld
In die konteks van wisselvalligheid en onsekerheid kyk na tendense op
              grond waarvan scenarios gebou kan word.

  Scenarios is nie daar om die toekoms te voorspel nie, maar om te
     verbeter ons reaksie op wat die toekoms vir ons kan inhou.
Aartappel pryse


                       Potatoes Price (R/10kg; National)                                                           Potatoes Price (R/10kg), YoY%ch
30.0                                                                                       0.700

                                                                                           0.525
22.5
                                                                                           0.350

15.0                                                                                       0.175

                                                                                               0
 7.5
                                                                                           -0.175

  0                                                                                        -0.350
       1997

              1998

                     1999

                            2000

                                   2001

                                          2002

                                                 2003

                                                        2004

                                                               2005

                                                                      2006

                                                                             2007

                                                                                    2008




                                                                                                    1997

                                                                                                           1998

                                                                                                                  1999

                                                                                                                         2000

                                                                                                                                2001

                                                                                                                                       2002

                                                                                                                                              2003

                                                                                                                                                     2004

                                                                                                                                                            2005

                                                                                                                                                                   2006

                                                                                                                                                                          2007

                                                                                                                                                                                 2008
Produsentewaarde en pryse


                            Producer Value (Rm; National)                                                   Producer Value and Prices: YoY %ch
5000                                                                                        0.700

                                                                                            0.525
3750
                                                                                            0.350

2500
                                                                                            0.175


1250                                                                                            0

                                                                                            -0.175
  0
       1997

              1998

                     1999

                             2000

                                    2001

                                           2002

                                                  2003

                                                         2004

                                                                2005

                                                                       2006

                                                                              2007

                                                                                     2008




                                                                                            -0.350
                                                                                                     1997   1999    2001     2003    2005        2007
Hektare geplant
                        Hectares planted Sandveld
 8000

 7250                                                                                                      Hectares Planted: Sandveld vs National, YoY % ch
                                                                                                   0.20
 6500
                                                                                                   0.15

 5750                                                                                              0.10

 5000                                                                                              0.05
        1997
               1998
                      1999
                             2000
                                    2001
                                           2002
                                                  2003
                                                         2004
                                                                2005
                                                                       2006
                                                                              2007
                                                                                     2008
                                                                                            2009      0

                                                                                                   -0.05
                      Hectares Planted, National
57000                                                                                              -0.10

                                                                                                   -0.15
53750
                                                                                                   -0.20
                                                                                                           1997

                                                                                                                  1998

                                                                                                                         1999

                                                                                                                                2000

                                                                                                                                        2001

                                                                                                                                               2002

                                                                                                                                                      2003

                                                                                                                                                             2004

                                                                                                                                                                    2005

                                                                                                                                                                           2006

                                                                                                                                                                                  2007

                                                                                                                                                                                         2008
50500


47250                                                                                                                                  Ha planted Sandveld, % ch
                                                                                                                                       Ha planted National, % ch

44000
        1997
               1998
                      1999
                             2000
                                    2001
                                           2002
                                                  2003
                                                         2004
                                                                2005
                                                                       2006
                                                                              2007
                                                                                     2008
Produsentewaarde en hektare geplant
                          Producer value hectares planted: National YoY %ch
   0.500



   0.375



   0.250



   0.125



       0



   -0.125



   -0.250
            1997


                   1998


                          1999


                                 2000


                                           2001


                                                  2002


                                                         2003


                                                                2004


                                                                       2005


                                                                              2006


                                                                                     2007


                                                                                            2008
                                        Ha planted National, % ch
                                        Producer value (National) (Rm), %ch
Ekonomiese scenarios (I)

Scenario                                                                                   Omskrywing
1. Geen verrassings                                          Bestaande tendense word volgehou
II. Optimisties                                              Toekoms is beter as verlede
III. Pessimisties                                            Toekoms is slegter as verlede
IV. Ramp                                                     Iets uitermate slegs gebeur in toekoms
V. Wonderlik                                                 Iets uitermate fantasties gebeur in toekoms
Bron: Cornish, 2004. Futuring. The exploration of the future. World Future Society



Factors used in scenario analysis:
                                   Unit     Base value                               Percentage adjustment
                                                             BAU           Optimist   Pessimist Disaster   Miracle
 Input Costs                    R/ha               62000               20%        10%        25%       30%         5%
 Price (R/10kg)                 R/10kg                  21             12%           15%          8%         -5%    20%
 Hectares planted               Hectare              6700              -3%            3%         -5%         -10%   10%
 Yield                          Ton                     40              0%            1%         -1%         -5%    5%
 Water Use                      Mm3                     46             -3%            3%         -5%         -10%   10%
 Land needed                    Hectare            30820               -3%            3%         -5%         -10%   10%
Ekonomiese scenarios (II)
Scenario                                                        Omskrywing



                    Produksiewaarde bly styg ten spyte van stygende insetkostes en minder hektare wat geplant word.
                    Stygende aartappelpryse grootliks hiervoor verantwoordelik. Rond 2012/13 is totale kostes egter
1. Geen verrassings
                    groter as inkomste en aartappelbedryf as geheel in Sandveld staar bankkrotskap in die gesig. Beide
                    land en water gebruik neem geleidelik af.

                     Produksiewaarde styg vinniger as insetkostes agv stygend aantal hektare wat geplant word, volgehoue
                     goeie aartappel prys stygings en selfs stygings in opbrengste wat per hektaar behaal word.
II. Optimisties
                     Produksiewaarde van Sandveld aartappels styg tot rond R700 miljard in 2014/15. Water en land is
                     geredelik beskikbaar.

                     Insetkostes styg onrusbarend vinnig. Hektare wat geplant word daal ook. Stygings in aartappelpryse is
                     nie genoegsaam om hiervoor te kompenseer nie. Sandveld aartappelbedryf is nie meer ekonomies
III. Pessimisties
                     haalbaar nie en landbouers leef alreeds op alternatiewe inkomstebronne soos alternatiewe boerdery,
                     lenings en spaargeld. Land en water gebruik neem vinnig af.


                     Insetkostes styg teen vlakke wat net voor die resessie gesien is. Die pryse wat vir aartappels betaal
IV. Ramp             word stort inmekaar. Sandveld boere in stryd om oorlewing. Druk op water en land neem baie
                     vinnig af.


                     Insetkostes daal tot vlakke onder inflasie. Groot vraag na aartappels laat pryse baie vinnig styg.
V. Wonderlik         Produksiewaarde styg tot nagenoeg R3 miljard in 2014/15. Land en water is beskikbaar en die
                     gebruik neem vinnig toe.
Ekonomiese scenarios (III)
                        Economic Scenarios, Revenue Rm
3,000


2,250


1,500


  750


    0


 -750


-1,500


-2,250
         2008




                2009




                       2010




                                    2011




                                                   2012




                                                             2013




                                                                     2014




                                                                               2015
                BAU    Optimistic          Pessimistic    Disaster   Miracle
Konklusie
• Sandveld aartappelboerdery onder huidige
  omstandighede is ekonomies onder druk
• Verdere moontlike ekologiese beperkings
• Verdere data en modellering nodig
A warning about the future is not a prediction of doom, but
       a recommendation to follow a different path

                               Bron: Gebaseer op Meadows et al 2004. Limits to Growth. The 30-year Update, p277

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Economiese Scenarios vir Aartappel verbouing in die Sandveld

  • 1. Ekonomiese scenarios vir aartappelverbouing in die Sandveld deur Martin de Wit Presentasie gehou by SAKO AGM, 13 April 2010, Velddrif
  • 2. Ekonomie en ekologie Ekonomiese stelsel (inset koste, pryse, verbruikers gedrag) + Ekologiese stelsel (water, land, biodiversiteit) = Saam in een stelsel
  • 3. Prys van olie en diesel Bron: Wikipedia, gebaseer op data van EIA Bron: Wikipedia Bron: http://www.nfu.ca/fert-diesel.htm
  • 4. Reenval en temperatuur Bron Archer et al 2009
  • 5. Tendense in die Sandveld In die konteks van wisselvalligheid en onsekerheid kyk na tendense op grond waarvan scenarios gebou kan word. Scenarios is nie daar om die toekoms te voorspel nie, maar om te verbeter ons reaksie op wat die toekoms vir ons kan inhou.
  • 6. Aartappel pryse Potatoes Price (R/10kg; National) Potatoes Price (R/10kg), YoY%ch 30.0 0.700 0.525 22.5 0.350 15.0 0.175 0 7.5 -0.175 0 -0.350 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
  • 7. Produsentewaarde en pryse Producer Value (Rm; National) Producer Value and Prices: YoY %ch 5000 0.700 0.525 3750 0.350 2500 0.175 1250 0 -0.175 0 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 -0.350 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007
  • 8. Hektare geplant Hectares planted Sandveld 8000 7250 Hectares Planted: Sandveld vs National, YoY % ch 0.20 6500 0.15 5750 0.10 5000 0.05 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 0 -0.05 Hectares Planted, National 57000 -0.10 -0.15 53750 -0.20 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 50500 47250 Ha planted Sandveld, % ch Ha planted National, % ch 44000 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
  • 9. Produsentewaarde en hektare geplant Producer value hectares planted: National YoY %ch 0.500 0.375 0.250 0.125 0 -0.125 -0.250 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Ha planted National, % ch Producer value (National) (Rm), %ch
  • 10. Ekonomiese scenarios (I) Scenario Omskrywing 1. Geen verrassings Bestaande tendense word volgehou II. Optimisties Toekoms is beter as verlede III. Pessimisties Toekoms is slegter as verlede IV. Ramp Iets uitermate slegs gebeur in toekoms V. Wonderlik Iets uitermate fantasties gebeur in toekoms Bron: Cornish, 2004. Futuring. The exploration of the future. World Future Society Factors used in scenario analysis: Unit Base value Percentage adjustment BAU Optimist Pessimist Disaster Miracle Input Costs R/ha 62000 20% 10% 25% 30% 5% Price (R/10kg) R/10kg 21 12% 15% 8% -5% 20% Hectares planted Hectare 6700 -3% 3% -5% -10% 10% Yield Ton 40 0% 1% -1% -5% 5% Water Use Mm3 46 -3% 3% -5% -10% 10% Land needed Hectare 30820 -3% 3% -5% -10% 10%
  • 11. Ekonomiese scenarios (II) Scenario Omskrywing Produksiewaarde bly styg ten spyte van stygende insetkostes en minder hektare wat geplant word. Stygende aartappelpryse grootliks hiervoor verantwoordelik. Rond 2012/13 is totale kostes egter 1. Geen verrassings groter as inkomste en aartappelbedryf as geheel in Sandveld staar bankkrotskap in die gesig. Beide land en water gebruik neem geleidelik af. Produksiewaarde styg vinniger as insetkostes agv stygend aantal hektare wat geplant word, volgehoue goeie aartappel prys stygings en selfs stygings in opbrengste wat per hektaar behaal word. II. Optimisties Produksiewaarde van Sandveld aartappels styg tot rond R700 miljard in 2014/15. Water en land is geredelik beskikbaar. Insetkostes styg onrusbarend vinnig. Hektare wat geplant word daal ook. Stygings in aartappelpryse is nie genoegsaam om hiervoor te kompenseer nie. Sandveld aartappelbedryf is nie meer ekonomies III. Pessimisties haalbaar nie en landbouers leef alreeds op alternatiewe inkomstebronne soos alternatiewe boerdery, lenings en spaargeld. Land en water gebruik neem vinnig af. Insetkostes styg teen vlakke wat net voor die resessie gesien is. Die pryse wat vir aartappels betaal IV. Ramp word stort inmekaar. Sandveld boere in stryd om oorlewing. Druk op water en land neem baie vinnig af. Insetkostes daal tot vlakke onder inflasie. Groot vraag na aartappels laat pryse baie vinnig styg. V. Wonderlik Produksiewaarde styg tot nagenoeg R3 miljard in 2014/15. Land en water is beskikbaar en die gebruik neem vinnig toe.
  • 12. Ekonomiese scenarios (III) Economic Scenarios, Revenue Rm 3,000 2,250 1,500 750 0 -750 -1,500 -2,250 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 BAU Optimistic Pessimistic Disaster Miracle
  • 13. Konklusie • Sandveld aartappelboerdery onder huidige omstandighede is ekonomies onder druk • Verdere moontlike ekologiese beperkings • Verdere data en modellering nodig
  • 14. A warning about the future is not a prediction of doom, but a recommendation to follow a different path Bron: Gebaseer op Meadows et al 2004. Limits to Growth. The 30-year Update, p277